SWEL has developed an algorithm that can reduce the internal resistance of batteries and increase their energy efficiency. Tests on lithium-ion, lead-acid, and sealed lead-acid batteries showed capacity increases of 15-50% and extended battery life. The technology works by separating electrical and chemical processes in batteries, optimizing external effects to reduce polarization and resistance. Further research may achieve even greater efficiency gains when used for both charging and discharging. The novel approach has applications for backup power systems, electric vehicles, rail transport, and renewable energy storage.

1. SWEL
What if battery would have mind?
Offering new paradigm - Harmonizing the battery

2. Current world of batteries
• Long since SWEL has been addressing the issues of
chemical cell efficiency improvement.
• We have worked out an algorithm which helps to
reduce internal resistance of a chemical cell during its
charge or discharge.
• We have obtained experimental data and tests’ results
that we want to share with you today.

3. Internal resistence can be dropped
• The internal resistance of a chemical cell, for example, of an
accumulator, is a sum of active (ohmic) resistance and so
called polarization resistance related to complex electrode
reactions.
• The size of accumulator ohmic resistance is defined by its
construction and cannot be reduced. On the contrary, the
polarization component can be significantly reduced
directly during charge or discharge of the accumulator.

4. Separation of electric and chemical parts
• The most important feature of our algorithm is the
separation in time of electric and chemical processes with
the help of a special external effect on them (periodic
connection and disconnection of a chemical cell to/from
load or external power supply). By optimizing the
parameters of this effect, it’s possible to dramatically
reduce the polarization component of a chemical cell and
significantly increase the efficiency of energy extraction and
redistribution.
• This algorithm can be realized during charge as well as
discharge of a chemical cell. The results, obtained in our
experiments, prove that effective energy capacity of a
chemical cell can be increased by 15% - 50% depending on
its type and operation mode.

5. How it works?
• The algorithm of internal resistance decrease in an
electrochemical cell is based upon theoretic conceptions of
formation mechanism of double electronic layer on
electrode/solution boundary in an electrolyte, which were
most completely defined in the works of R.R. Salem
• The details discovering the nature of algorithm are
published in the article.

6. Tests results:
Experiments on discharge of
Li-Ion batteries

7. Test results: Li-Ion
• Our studies of Li-ion accumulators Kokam (11
A∙h, 12 V – 3 items 4V each) carried out with the
help of a special device – electronic separator
(ES) of 500 W power – demonstrated significant
growth of energy efficiency during accumulator
discharge, which probably was associated with
reduction of polarization component in internal
resistance.

8. Test results: Li-Ion
• Particularly, the results
showed that the capacity
(in A∙h) extracted from
the accumulator during
its discharge through ES
by the current 2,5 C,
increased by 23% in
comparison with typical
discharge conditions (at
the same power and load
current).
Expected benefit: capacity growth by 23%

9. Test results: Li-Ion
• Here are diagrams of temperature
change on the surface of Li-ion
accumulator battery during its
discharge through the ES and
without it. A smaller accumulator
heating during its discharge
through ES points out the reduction
of internal resistance. As far as
accumulator battery resource to a
large extent is defined by heat loss
during its work, it is logical to state
that the use of ES increases this
resource.
Expected benefit: extended battery life

10. Tests results:
Experiments on formation
of lead-acid car batteries

11. Test results: formation of lead-acid car
batteries
• The tests on use of effective charging device
“SWEL- ECD” during initial formation of filling
starter lead-acid batteries with nameplate
capacity 77 A∙h, showed the potential of the
new method. The tests were conducted in
cooperation with Arktech Company.
• It provides triple reduction of power inputs on
battery formation, it provides a very low level of
gassing, as well as significantly improves
charge-discharge characteristics of the battery.
• Thanks to formation, battery mass structure
improves and its effective surface area increases
for many further cycles.

12. Test results: key benefits
• Reduction of internal battery resistance during its charge and discharge;
• Decrease of charging voltage during charge by direct current, in
comparison with standard mode;
• Drop of gassing during charge (so, during first 9-10 hours of charge by
direct current 0,1 C, that is, at efficiency up to 90% of the nameplate
capacity, gassing is completely absent); that permits to significantly
improve the environmental safety of battery formation process;
• Increase of normally open circuit voltage of the battery;
• Attainment of discharge capacity close to the nameplate capacity, in the
first cycle (of formation), and of 5-10% higher capacity than the
nameplate one in the following charging-discharging cycles (20 h mode);
• Increase of discharge voltage at rated current (see next slide).

14. Test results: formation of cells
• All these benefits are of long-term character, and the characteristics obtained by
the accumulator batteries, are preserved during 50+ charging-discharging cycles.
• It’s important to mention, that the same process takes place when “SWEL-ECD” is
used only for battery formation, and in the following cycles the charge is executed
in standard mode (from a direct current source, without SWEL).
Formation gives long lasting effect,
changing cell for whole life

15. Tests results:
Experiments on charge of
sealed lead-acid batteries

16. Test results: sealed lead-acid batteries
• Based on our technology we have created a
device for effective battery charge (“SWEL-ECD)
and we carried out its practical tests with lead-
acid batteries of different types.
• The use of SWEL-ECD device provides the
following advantages:
 Charge of batteries up to their full capacity
almost without gassing;
 increase of effective working surface of active
battery mass during its charge, and thereafter,
the decrease of discharge current density and
gain of energy, extracted during discharge.

17. Test results: sealed lead-acid batteries
• The following results were obtained during the tests on lead-acid
accumulator batteries with capacity 17 A∙h and 33 A∙h
• At 10-hour charge up to voltage 13,4 V (that permits almost completely
avoid gassing) and following discharge by direct current in 2, 4 and 20-hour
modes the extracted capacity equaled 122,7%, 123% and 106%
respectively, from the nameplate capacity stated in battery ratings;
Expected benefit: 6-23% capacity growth

19. Test results: sealed lead-acid batteries
• At quick charge during 4 hours up to U = 13,6 V and discharge by direct current in
a 4-hour mode it is possible to completely extract the capacity, transferred to the
battery during its charge;
Expected benefit: no natural losses

20. Tests results:
Experiments on increase of
discharge capacity for
uninterruptible power supply
(UPS) units

21. Test results: UPS units
• We conducted series of experiments in order to
improve the discharge capacity of sealed lead-
acid batteries Solby SL12-7 (12 V, 7 A∙h) which
were a part of UPSs with nameplate load
capacity 700 W.
• The main point of the first experimental stage
was to charge these batteries with the help of
modified effective charging device “SWEL-ECD”.
• The essence of the second stage was to conduct
life tests by the way of multiple charge and
discharge battery cycles in a typical UPS
(without “SWEL-ECD” already).

22. Test results: UPS units
• There was no gassing during the process, like during battery floating
mode. The tests were conducted with two battery sets – testing set and
checking set.
• The accumulator batteries in both sets were produced by the same
manufacturer and were from the same lot. Testing and checking battery
sets were located in the same UPS

23. Test results: UPS units
• The UPS working period with the load of 550 W in case of battery charge
with “SWEL-ECD” increases by 50% – 70% in comparison with a standard
charging mode (we will see on next slides);
• In the following charge-discharge cycles executed only in standard mode,
without “SWEL-ECD” device, the discharge capacity of test batteries
stably exceeded discharge capacity of check batteries by 40% – 50%;
• Life tests at discharge capacity 600 W didn’t reveal degradation of the
examined batteries. It means that during prior treatment by “SWEL-ECD”
device the batteries obtained permanent improvement of active mass
surface structure (we will see on next slides)

26. Conclusions

27. Conclusions
• The new technology, developed and patented by “SWEL Energy Ltd.”,
helps to reduce internal resistance of chemical cells and provides
significant growth of their efficiency (by 15% – 50%), which is proved by
numerous experiments with different types of accumulators.
• Further, we believe it is possible to achieve even more in case of
combined use of our algorithm during charge and discharge of a
electrochemical cell.
• At the end of the day, SWEL aimed to use our resources and technology
more effectively.

28. THANK YOU!
Ask what SWEL can do for your
battery?
Questions and Answers

29. Conclusions
• This innovative technology can be successfully used in different economic
sectors where accumulator batteries and other elecrochemical cells are
used:
 in no-break and backup power systems (sealed accumulator batteries with
increased lifecycle);
 in motor transport (starter and traction accumulator batteries, as well as
buffer energy storages for hybrid automobiles);
 in rail transport (serviced and maintenance-free accumulator batteries);
 in independent power supply systems (buffer accumulators for solar batteries
and wind-power generators);
 in production of lead-acid and Ni-Cd accumulators;
 in the other areas.