The philosophical perspective
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The Philosophical Perspective
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The philosophical perspective
- 1. The Philosophical Perspective Understanding the Philosophical context of rioting.
- 2. What is Philosophy? • From two Greek Words • Philein: Lover • Sophia: Wisdom • Philosophy means: “Lover of wisdom.” • Philosophers debate key questions about the nature of reality and often discuss questions which can’t be answered with a simple answer. Philosophical questions are often ‘the big questions’ about life that don’t have a concrete answer.
- 3. Is rioting a form of class struggle? • Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) • A German economist and political philosopher. • Famous works include Das Kapital, The Communist Manifesto.
- 4. Philosophical Influences…. • Marx was influenced by two German Philosophers. • 1. Hegel: Particularly Hegel’s idea that time moves telelogically or towards a purpose of increased Rationality. Marx’s interpretation of a dialectical movement of time is called dialectical materialism. • 2. Feuerbach: Advocated the idea that societies was a shaping factor of the beliefs and ideals of the individual. This can also be interpreted as the material needs of the individual being based on the values within the society.
- 5. Five Stages of Human History • Marx believed that History had progressed through 4 epochs of History. • Each Epoch had a degree of class struggle between groups who ‘have’ and groups who ‘have not.’ • Each Epoch is replaced through revolution between the classes. • The change between each epoch is leading towards the 5th Epoch, the age of Communism. • Therefore all history has been moving towards this 5th epoch and all of human history has been class struggle.
- 6. Stages of History • Each stage including the conflicted groups are as follows. • 1. Prehistoric: Hunters Vs Gatherers. • 2. Classical: Plebians, slaves Vs Patricians • 3. Medieval: Lords, Barons, Vs Peasants, Serfs • 4. Capitalism: Bourgeoisies Vs Proletariat (Marx believed that Capitalism is characterised by liberal democracy and it is our current Epoch.)
- 7. Class struggle… • Marx argues that all of these stages of Human history have been or will be eventually overthrown in revolution. • Each stage of history moves into the next stage. • At the end of the Capitalist stage, a global revolution will take place that will result in the Bourgeois being overthrown.
- 8. World Wide Revolution… • This world wide revolution will take place in two stages according to Marx. • 1. The Proletariat will rise in a bloody revolution overthrowing the Bourgeoisies. The Proletariat will rule the world themselves in the ‘Dictatorship of the Proletariat.’ • 2. The world will be reorganised into collective communes where all resources will be shared between everyone. This will be called ‘Pure Communism’ and will result in the withering away of the state. In a word, it will be a utopian society.
- 10. What is rioting??? • In the Marxist perspective, anti social behaviour in the form of rioting is small scale examples of the Proletariat expressing their unhappiness with a Bourgeois dominated society. • Rioting is a method of the Proletariat expressing their discontent. • Rioting is also a feature of anti-class revolution.