Lecture slides for MBBS Undergraduate Medical students. Study material was taken from Essentials of pharmacology by KD Tripathi. Figures were searched from google.
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Antiemetics
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17. Cerebral Cortex
Pharynx and GIT
Chemoreceptor
Trigger Zone
Vestibular NucleiVomiting Centre
(Medulla)
Cancer Chemotherapy
Opioids
Smell
Sight
Thought
Anticipatory
Vomiting
Motion
Sickness
Chemo and Radiotherapy
Gastroenteritis
5HT3, D2, Opioids M, 5HT3,H1
M, H1
5HT3
The antiemetic dose is generally much lower than antipsychotic doses. These agents should not be administered until the cause of vomiting has been diagnosed; otherwise specific treatment of conditions like intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, etc. may be delayed due to symptom relief.
- This action is independent of vagal innervation, but is stronger when vagus is intact
Dopamine (acting through D2 receptors) is an inhibitory transmitter in the g.i.t.— normally acts to delay gastric emptying when food is present in stomach. It also appears to cause gastric dilatation and LES relaxation attending nausea and vomiting
- To supplement its antiemetic action and reduce the attending dystonic reactions.
transdermal patch containing 1.5 mg of hyoscine, to be delivered over 3 days has been developed. Applied behind the pinna, it suppresses motion sickness while producing
only mild side effects