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Quantitative & Qualitative 
Research Designs 
PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
Semester Gasal 2014/2015 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA 
Kuliah XI & XII - 17 November 2014 
ICON CREDIT: Architect by Joel Burke from The Noun Project
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
One Day Objectives 
2 
• Mahasiswa memahami tiap desain penelitian 
kuantitatif beserta karakteristiknya 
• Mahasiswa memahami tiap desain penelitian 
kualitatif beserta karakteristiknya 
Part III: 
Research Designs 
ICON CREDIT: Architect by Joel Burke from The Noun Project
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
The research design refers to the overall strategy 
that you choose to integrate the different components 
of the study in a coherent and logical way, 
thereby, ensuring you will effectively address 
the research problem; 
it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, 
measurement, and analysis of data. 
3 
(De Vaus, 2001)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Note that your research problem 
determines the type of design you can use, 
not the other way around! 
4 
(De Vaus, 2001)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Research Designs 
5 
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE 
(Creswell, 2012) 
ICON CREDITS: Statistics by Mateo Zlatar; Conversation by Gregory Radek; Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; book by Eugen Belyakoff; Mask by Richard González Tapia; Documents by hunotika from The Noun Project
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Research Designs 
5 
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE 
EXPERIMENTAL 
DESIGNS 
CORRELATIONAL 
DESIGNS 
GROUNDED THEORY 
DESIGNS 
ETHNOGRAPHIC 
DESIGNS 
NARRATIVE RESEARCH 
DESIGNS 
(Creswell, 2012) 
SURVEY 
DESIGNS 
ICON CREDITS: Statistics by Mateo Zlatar; Conversation by Gregory Radek; Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; book by Eugen Belyakoff; Mask by Richard González Tapia; Documents by hunotika from The Noun Project
Quantitative 
Research Designs
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Experimental Designs 
7 
ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Experimental Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to establish possible cause and effect 
between two variables. 
7 
ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301)
INFLUENCES? 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Experimental Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to establish possible cause and effect 
between two variables. 
7 
MUSICAL 
BEATS 
COGNITIVE 
DISTRACTIONS 
ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Experimental Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to establish possible cause and effect 
between two variables. 
8 
INDEPENDENT 
VARIABLE 
DEPENDENT 
VARIABLE 
ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) 
INFLUENCES?
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Experimental Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
9 
MUSICAL 
BEATS 
COGNITIVE 
DISTRACTIONS 
ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from the Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) 
INFLUENCES?
HIGH 
MIDDLE 
LOW 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Experimental Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• Manipulation of the treatment conditions 
the researcher physically intervenes to alter the conditions 
experienced by the experimental unit 
9 
MUSICAL 
BEATS 
COGNITIVE 
DISTRACTIONS 
ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from the Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) 
INFLUENCES?
HIGH 
MIDDLE 
LOW 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Experimental Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• Random assignment 
the process of assigning individuals at random to groups or to 
different groups in an experiment 
10 
MUSICAL 
BEATS 
COGNITIVE 
DISTRACTIONS 
ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi; People by Richard González Tapia from the Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) 
INFLUENCES?
HIGH 
MIDDLE 
LOW 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Experimental Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• Random assignment 
the process of assigning individuals at random to groups or to 
different groups in an experiment 
10 
MUSICAL 
BEATS 
COGNITIVE 
DISTRACTIONS 
ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi; People by Richard González Tapia from the Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) 
INFLUENCES?
NUMBER OF 
SURROUNDING 
PEOPLE 
MUSIC 
VOLUME 
VISUAL 
PRESENTATION 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) 
INFLUENCES? 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Experimental Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• Control over extraneous variables 
the researcher attempts to control all variables that influence the 
outcome except for the independent variable 
11 
MUSICAL 
BEATS 
COGNITIVE 
DISTRACTIONS 
ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki; People by Francielly Costantin Senra; Speaker by Thomas Le Bas; Presentation by Joe Harrison from The Noun Project
NUMBER OF 
SURROUNDING 
PEOPLE 
MUSIC 
VOLUME 
VISUAL 
PRESENTATION 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) 
INFLUENCES? 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Experimental Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• Control over extraneous variables 
the researcher attempts to control all variables that influence the 
outcome except for the independent variable 
11 
MUSICAL 
BEATS 
COGNITIVE 
DISTRACTIONS 
ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki; People by Francielly Costantin Senra; Speaker by Thomas Le Bas; Presentation by Joe Harrison from The Noun Project
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Correlational Designs 
12 
ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Correlational Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to predict scores and explain the relationship 
among variables. 
12 
ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Correlational Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to predict scores and explain the relationship 
among variables. 
12 
NUMBER OF 
(EX-) SPOUSES 
TIME MANAGEMENT 
SKILL 
ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345) 
RELATIONSHIP?
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Correlational Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to predict scores and explain the relationship 
among variables. 
13 
VARIABLE 1 VARIABLE 2 
ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345) 
RELATIONSHIP?
NUMBER OF 
(EX-) SPOUSES 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Correlational Designs 
• What are key characteristics 
of this design? 
14 
ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph; Ruler by Alexis Gaillard from The Noun Project 
TIME MANAGEMENT 
SKILL 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345) 
RELATIONSHIP?
SCORES 
NUMBER OF 
(EX-) SPOUSES 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Correlational Designs 
• What are key characteristics 
of this design? 
• Displays of scores 
each participants have scores obtained from 
measuring each variables 
14 
ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph; Ruler by Alexis Gaillard from The Noun Project 
TIME MANAGEMENT 
SKILL 
SCORES 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345) 
RELATIONSHIP?
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Survey Designs 
15 
ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Survey Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher administers a survey to a sample or to the entire 
population of people to describe trends about the attitudes, opinions, 
behaviors, or characteristics of the population and to test research 
questions or hypotheses. 
15 
ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392)
MESSAGE CONTENT 
PREFERENCE 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Survey Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher administers a survey to a sample or to the entire 
population of people to describe trends about the attitudes, opinions, 
behaviors, or characteristics of the population and to test research 
questions or hypotheses. 
15 
PERSONALITY 
TYPES 
TWITTER USAGE 
FREQUENCY 
ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392)
VARIABLE 2 
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Survey Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher administers a survey to a sample or to the entire 
population of people to describe trends about the attitudes, opinions, 
behaviors, or characteristics of the population and to test research 
questions or hypotheses. 
16 
VARIABLE 1 VARIABLE 3 
ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Survey Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
17 
ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392) 
PERSONALITY 
TYPES 
TWITTER USAGE 
FREQUENCY 
MESSAGE CONTENT 
PREFERENCE
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Survey Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• Sampling from a population 
• Collecting data through questionnaires or interviews 
• Designing instruments for data collection 
• Obtaining a high response rate 
17 
ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392) 
PERSONALITY 
TYPES 
TWITTER USAGE 
FREQUENCY 
MESSAGE CONTENT 
PREFERENCE
Qualitative 
Research Designs
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Grounded Theory Designs 
19 
ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Grounded Theory Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
19 
ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Grounded Theory Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to generate a theory that explains, at a broad 
conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a 
substantive topic. 
19 
TWEET 
CONTENT 
ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Grounded Theory Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to generate a theory that explains, at a broad 
conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a 
substantive topic. 
19 
TWEET 
CONTENT 
‘MEANING’ OF 
TWITTER AS 
SOCIAL MEDIA 
ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439) 
MESSAGE 
CATEGORY 
INTERACTIONS 
IN SOCIAL MEDIA
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Grounded Theory Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to generate a theory that explains, at a broad 
conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a 
substantive topic. 
20 
CENTRAL 
PHENOMENON 
THEORY 1 
ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project 
THEORY 2 
THEORY 3 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Grounded Theory Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
21 
TWEET 
CONTENT 
‘MEANING’ OF 
TWITTER AS 
SOCIAL MEDIA 
ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project 
MESSAGE 
CATEGORY 
INTERACTIONS 
IN SOCIAL MEDIA 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Grounded Theory Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• A process approach 
the designs more frequently examine a process because the social world that we live in 
involves people interacting with other people 
21 
TWEET 
CONTENT 
‘MEANING’ OF 
TWITTER AS 
SOCIAL MEDIA 
ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project 
MESSAGE 
CATEGORY 
INTERACTIONS 
IN SOCIAL MEDIA 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Grounded Theory Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• Theory generation 
the entire procedure leads to generating a theory based on data collected by the 
researcher; this theory in grounded theory research is an abstract explanation or 
understanding of a process about a substantive topic grounded in the data 
22 
TWEET 
CONTENT 
‘MEANING’ OF 
TWITTER AS 
SOCIAL MEDIA 
ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project 
MESSAGE 
CATEGORY 
INTERACTIONS 
IN SOCIAL MEDIA 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Ethnographic Designs 
23 
ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Ethnographic Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
23 
ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Ethnographic Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to describe, analyze, and interpret a culture-sharing 
group’s shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that 
develop over time. 
23 
ROCK MUSIC 
FANS 
ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Ethnographic Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to describe, analyze, and interpret a culture-sharing 
group’s shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that 
develop over time. 
23 
ROCK MUSIC 
FANS 
INTERACTION 
PATTERNS 
ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project 
LANGUAGE 
PHYSICAL 
APPEARANCES 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Ethnographic Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to describe, analyze, and interpret a culture-sharing 
group’s shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that 
develop over time. 
24 
CENTRAL 
PHENOMENON 
‘VARIABLE’ 1 
ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473) 
‘VARIABLE’ 2 
‘VARIABLE’ 3
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Ethnographic Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
25 
ROCK MUSIC 
FANS 
INTERACTION 
PATTERNS 
ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project 
LANGUAGE 
PHYSICAL 
APPEARANCES 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Ethnographic Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• Cultural theme 
a general position, declared or implied, that is openly approved or promoted in a society 
or group; this theme does not serve to narrow the study, instead, it becomes a broad lens 
that researchers use when they initially enter a field to study a group, and they look for 
manifestations of it 
25 
ROCK MUSIC 
FANS 
INTERACTION 
PATTERNS 
ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project 
LANGUAGE 
PHYSICAL 
APPEARANCES 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Narrative Research Designs 
26 
ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Narrative Research Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
26 
ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Narrative Research Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to describe the lives of individuals, collect and 
tell stories about people’s lives, and write narratives of individual 
experiences. 
26 
SINGER(S) WHO 
SHOULD NOT SING 
ANYMORE 
ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Narrative Research Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to describe the lives of individuals, collect and 
tell stories about people’s lives, and write narratives of individual 
experiences. 
26 
SINGER(S) WHO 
SHOULD NOT SING 
ANYMORE 
CHRONOLOGY 
ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project 
ADJUSTMENT TO 
THE NEW ROLE 
PERSONAL 
IDENTIFICATION 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Narrative Research Designs 
• When should the researcher use it? 
When the researcher wants to describe the lives of individuals, collect and 
tell stories about people’s lives, and write narratives of individual 
experiences. 
27 
CENTRAL 
PHENOMENON 
ASPECT 1 
ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project 
ASPECT 2 
ASPECT 3 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Narrative Research Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
28 
SINGER(S) WHO 
SHOULD NOT SING 
ANYMORE 
CHRONOLOGY 
ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project 
ADJUSTMENT TO 
THE NEW ROLE 
PERSONAL 
IDENTIFICATION 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Narrative Research Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• Individual experiences 
the researchers focus on the experiences of one or more individuals, most interested in 
exploring the experiences of that individual, that are both personal (what the individual 
experiences) and social (the individual interacting with others) 
28 
SINGER(S) WHO 
SHOULD NOT SING 
ANYMORE 
CHRONOLOGY 
ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project 
ADJUSTMENT TO 
THE NEW ROLE 
PERSONAL 
IDENTIFICATION 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian 
ardhiati © 2014 
Narrative Research Designs 
• What are key characteristics of this design? 
• Chronology of the experience 
the researcher analyzes and writes about an individual life using a time sequence or 
chronology of events 
29 
SINGER(S) WHO 
SHOULD NOT SING 
ANYMORE 
CHRONOLOGY 
ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project 
ADJUSTMENT TO 
THE NEW ROLE 
PERSONAL 
IDENTIFICATION 
(Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
Want to know more? 
Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and 
evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). 
Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. 
De Vaus, D.A. (2001). Research design in social research. 
London: SAGE.

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PDU 211 Research Methods: Quantitative & Qualitative Research Designs

  • 1. Quantitative & Qualitative Research Designs PDU 211 Metode Penelitian Semester Gasal 2014/2015 FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA Kuliah XI & XII - 17 November 2014 ICON CREDIT: Architect by Joel Burke from The Noun Project
  • 2. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 One Day Objectives 2 • Mahasiswa memahami tiap desain penelitian kuantitatif beserta karakteristiknya • Mahasiswa memahami tiap desain penelitian kualitatif beserta karakteristiknya Part III: Research Designs ICON CREDIT: Architect by Joel Burke from The Noun Project
  • 3. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. 3 (De Vaus, 2001)
  • 4. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Note that your research problem determines the type of design you can use, not the other way around! 4 (De Vaus, 2001)
  • 5. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Research Designs 5 QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE (Creswell, 2012) ICON CREDITS: Statistics by Mateo Zlatar; Conversation by Gregory Radek; Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; book by Eugen Belyakoff; Mask by Richard González Tapia; Documents by hunotika from The Noun Project
  • 6. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Research Designs 5 QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS CORRELATIONAL DESIGNS GROUNDED THEORY DESIGNS ETHNOGRAPHIC DESIGNS NARRATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS (Creswell, 2012) SURVEY DESIGNS ICON CREDITS: Statistics by Mateo Zlatar; Conversation by Gregory Radek; Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; book by Eugen Belyakoff; Mask by Richard González Tapia; Documents by hunotika from The Noun Project
  • 8. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Experimental Designs 7 ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301)
  • 9. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Experimental Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to establish possible cause and effect between two variables. 7 ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301)
  • 10. INFLUENCES? FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Experimental Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to establish possible cause and effect between two variables. 7 MUSICAL BEATS COGNITIVE DISTRACTIONS ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301)
  • 11. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Experimental Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to establish possible cause and effect between two variables. 8 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) INFLUENCES?
  • 12. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Experimental Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? 9 MUSICAL BEATS COGNITIVE DISTRACTIONS ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from the Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) INFLUENCES?
  • 13. HIGH MIDDLE LOW FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Experimental Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Manipulation of the treatment conditions the researcher physically intervenes to alter the conditions experienced by the experimental unit 9 MUSICAL BEATS COGNITIVE DISTRACTIONS ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi from the Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) INFLUENCES?
  • 14. HIGH MIDDLE LOW FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Experimental Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Random assignment the process of assigning individuals at random to groups or to different groups in an experiment 10 MUSICAL BEATS COGNITIVE DISTRACTIONS ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi; People by Richard González Tapia from the Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) INFLUENCES?
  • 15. HIGH MIDDLE LOW FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Experimental Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Random assignment the process of assigning individuals at random to groups or to different groups in an experiment 10 MUSICAL BEATS COGNITIVE DISTRACTIONS ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki Nakanishi; People by Richard González Tapia from the Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) INFLUENCES?
  • 16. NUMBER OF SURROUNDING PEOPLE MUSIC VOLUME VISUAL PRESENTATION (Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) INFLUENCES? FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Experimental Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Control over extraneous variables the researcher attempts to control all variables that influence the outcome except for the independent variable 11 MUSICAL BEATS COGNITIVE DISTRACTIONS ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki; People by Francielly Costantin Senra; Speaker by Thomas Le Bas; Presentation by Joe Harrison from The Noun Project
  • 17. NUMBER OF SURROUNDING PEOPLE MUSIC VOLUME VISUAL PRESENTATION (Creswell, 2012; p. 294-301) INFLUENCES? FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Experimental Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Control over extraneous variables the researcher attempts to control all variables that influence the outcome except for the independent variable 11 MUSICAL BEATS COGNITIVE DISTRACTIONS ICON CREDITS: Erlenmeyer Flask by Emily van den Heever; Music by Andreas Bjurenborg; Brain by Linda Yuki; People by Francielly Costantin Senra; Speaker by Thomas Le Bas; Presentation by Joe Harrison from The Noun Project
  • 18. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Correlational Designs 12 ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345)
  • 19. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Correlational Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to predict scores and explain the relationship among variables. 12 ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345)
  • 20. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Correlational Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to predict scores and explain the relationship among variables. 12 NUMBER OF (EX-) SPOUSES TIME MANAGEMENT SKILL ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345) RELATIONSHIP?
  • 21. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Correlational Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to predict scores and explain the relationship among variables. 13 VARIABLE 1 VARIABLE 2 ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345) RELATIONSHIP?
  • 22. NUMBER OF (EX-) SPOUSES FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Correlational Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? 14 ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph; Ruler by Alexis Gaillard from The Noun Project TIME MANAGEMENT SKILL (Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345) RELATIONSHIP?
  • 23. SCORES NUMBER OF (EX-) SPOUSES FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Correlational Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Displays of scores each participants have scores obtained from measuring each variables 14 ICON CREDITS: People by Alexander Smith; Watches by Wilson Joseph; Ruler by Alexis Gaillard from The Noun Project TIME MANAGEMENT SKILL SCORES (Creswell, 2012; p. 338-345) RELATIONSHIP?
  • 24. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Survey Designs 15 ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392)
  • 25. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Survey Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher administers a survey to a sample or to the entire population of people to describe trends about the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population and to test research questions or hypotheses. 15 ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392)
  • 26. MESSAGE CONTENT PREFERENCE FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Survey Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher administers a survey to a sample or to the entire population of people to describe trends about the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population and to test research questions or hypotheses. 15 PERSONALITY TYPES TWITTER USAGE FREQUENCY ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392)
  • 27. VARIABLE 2 FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Survey Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher administers a survey to a sample or to the entire population of people to describe trends about the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population and to test research questions or hypotheses. 16 VARIABLE 1 VARIABLE 3 ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392)
  • 28. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Survey Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? 17 ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392) PERSONALITY TYPES TWITTER USAGE FREQUENCY MESSAGE CONTENT PREFERENCE
  • 29. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Survey Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Sampling from a population • Collecting data through questionnaires or interviews • Designing instruments for data collection • Obtaining a high response rate 17 ICON CREDITS: Clipboard by Garrett Knoll; Multi-Culture by Claire Jones; Message by Prerak Patel; Bird by Thomas Le Bas from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 376-392) PERSONALITY TYPES TWITTER USAGE FREQUENCY MESSAGE CONTENT PREFERENCE
  • 31. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Grounded Theory Designs 19 ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
  • 32. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Grounded Theory Designs • When should the researcher use it? 19 ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
  • 33. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Grounded Theory Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to generate a theory that explains, at a broad conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a substantive topic. 19 TWEET CONTENT ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
  • 34. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Grounded Theory Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to generate a theory that explains, at a broad conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a substantive topic. 19 TWEET CONTENT ‘MEANING’ OF TWITTER AS SOCIAL MEDIA ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439) MESSAGE CATEGORY INTERACTIONS IN SOCIAL MEDIA
  • 35. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Grounded Theory Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to generate a theory that explains, at a broad conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a substantive topic. 20 CENTRAL PHENOMENON THEORY 1 ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project THEORY 2 THEORY 3 (Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
  • 36. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Grounded Theory Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? 21 TWEET CONTENT ‘MEANING’ OF TWITTER AS SOCIAL MEDIA ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project MESSAGE CATEGORY INTERACTIONS IN SOCIAL MEDIA (Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
  • 37. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Grounded Theory Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • A process approach the designs more frequently examine a process because the social world that we live in involves people interacting with other people 21 TWEET CONTENT ‘MEANING’ OF TWITTER AS SOCIAL MEDIA ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project MESSAGE CATEGORY INTERACTIONS IN SOCIAL MEDIA (Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
  • 38. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Grounded Theory Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Theory generation the entire procedure leads to generating a theory based on data collected by the researcher; this theory in grounded theory research is an abstract explanation or understanding of a process about a substantive topic grounded in the data 22 TWEET CONTENT ‘MEANING’ OF TWITTER AS SOCIAL MEDIA ICON CREDITS: book by Eugen Belyakoff; Bird by Thomas Le Bas; Speech Bubble by Stephen JB Thomas from The Noun Project MESSAGE CATEGORY INTERACTIONS IN SOCIAL MEDIA (Creswell, 2012; p. 423-439)
  • 39. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Ethnographic Designs 23 ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
  • 40. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Ethnographic Designs • When should the researcher use it? 23 ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
  • 41. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Ethnographic Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to describe, analyze, and interpret a culture-sharing group’s shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that develop over time. 23 ROCK MUSIC FANS ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
  • 42. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Ethnographic Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to describe, analyze, and interpret a culture-sharing group’s shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that develop over time. 23 ROCK MUSIC FANS INTERACTION PATTERNS ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project LANGUAGE PHYSICAL APPEARANCES (Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
  • 43. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Ethnographic Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to describe, analyze, and interpret a culture-sharing group’s shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that develop over time. 24 CENTRAL PHENOMENON ‘VARIABLE’ 1 ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473) ‘VARIABLE’ 2 ‘VARIABLE’ 3
  • 44. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Ethnographic Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? 25 ROCK MUSIC FANS INTERACTION PATTERNS ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project LANGUAGE PHYSICAL APPEARANCES (Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
  • 45. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Ethnographic Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Cultural theme a general position, declared or implied, that is openly approved or promoted in a society or group; this theme does not serve to narrow the study, instead, it becomes a broad lens that researchers use when they initially enter a field to study a group, and they look for manifestations of it 25 ROCK MUSIC FANS INTERACTION PATTERNS ICON CREDITS: Mask by Richard González Tapia; Rock n Roll by Hum; David Bowie by Vlad Likh from The Noun Project LANGUAGE PHYSICAL APPEARANCES (Creswell, 2012; p. 462-473)
  • 46. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Narrative Research Designs 26 ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
  • 47. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Narrative Research Designs • When should the researcher use it? 26 ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
  • 48. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Narrative Research Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to describe the lives of individuals, collect and tell stories about people’s lives, and write narratives of individual experiences. 26 SINGER(S) WHO SHOULD NOT SING ANYMORE ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project (Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
  • 49. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Narrative Research Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to describe the lives of individuals, collect and tell stories about people’s lives, and write narratives of individual experiences. 26 SINGER(S) WHO SHOULD NOT SING ANYMORE CHRONOLOGY ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project ADJUSTMENT TO THE NEW ROLE PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION (Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
  • 50. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Narrative Research Designs • When should the researcher use it? When the researcher wants to describe the lives of individuals, collect and tell stories about people’s lives, and write narratives of individual experiences. 27 CENTRAL PHENOMENON ASPECT 1 ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project ASPECT 2 ASPECT 3 (Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
  • 51. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Narrative Research Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? 28 SINGER(S) WHO SHOULD NOT SING ANYMORE CHRONOLOGY ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project ADJUSTMENT TO THE NEW ROLE PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION (Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
  • 52. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Narrative Research Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Individual experiences the researchers focus on the experiences of one or more individuals, most interested in exploring the experiences of that individual, that are both personal (what the individual experiences) and social (the individual interacting with others) 28 SINGER(S) WHO SHOULD NOT SING ANYMORE CHRONOLOGY ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project ADJUSTMENT TO THE NEW ROLE PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION (Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
  • 53. FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA PDU 211 Metode Penelitian ardhiati © 2014 Narrative Research Designs • What are key characteristics of this design? • Chronology of the experience the researcher analyzes and writes about an individual life using a time sequence or chronology of events 29 SINGER(S) WHO SHOULD NOT SING ANYMORE CHRONOLOGY ICON CREDITS: Documents by hunotika; Singer by Hum; Time by Richard de Vos; Mask by Claire R; Fingerprint by Miguel Olivera Galán from The Noun Project ADJUSTMENT TO THE NEW ROLE PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION (Creswell, 2012; p. 502-512)
  • 54. Want to know more? Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. De Vaus, D.A. (2001). Research design in social research. London: SAGE.