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Jason McKinnon   November 2009   1




           HOMEWORK
           Best practices at Branchville School November
By Jason
McKinnon   2009
Jason McKinnon   November 2009   2

  “FOR HOMEWORK TO BE
   EFFECTIVE, IT SHOULD
  SUPPORT EDUCATIONAL
GOALS, TAKE INTO ACCOUNT
 STUDENTS’ ABILITIES AND
 NEEDS, AND STRENGTHEN
    THE SCHOOL-HOME
      CONNECTION…”
                             Protheroe (2009)
What the Research says about
                  homework
3


       As with many school-related variables that
        impact student learning, it is difficult to isolate a
        connection between student learning and
        homework

       Too many variables…quality of homework,
        student motivation, family support…

       However, significant correlations exist between
        homework and student achievement; stronger
        correlation in grades 7-12 than K-5
                      Jason McKinnon   November 2009
What the Research says about
                  homework
4


       Cooper, Robinson, and Patall (2006) found,
        “consistent evidence for a positive influence of
        homework and achievement.”

       Marzano (2007b)… “…the relationship between
        the amount of homework students do and their
        achievement outcomes was found to be positive
        and statistically significant.”


                     Jason McKinnon   November 2009
What the Research says about
                   homework
5


        Cooper (2001) suggests possible broad benefits
         of homework:
    1.    Long-term academic benefits such as better
          study habits and skills;
    2.    Nonacademic benefits, including greater self-
          efficacy, better time organization and more
          independent problem solving skills;
    3.    Greater parental appreciation of and
          involvement in schooling.

                     Jason McKinnon   November 2009
Homework BEST practices
6


       According to Marzano & Pickering (2007),
        “homework does not need to be assigned as a
        matter of routine,” but instead when there is a
        clear purpose in regard to student learning.
       Make sure that students understand the
        homework…students should leave your
        classroom with no confusion about either what
        they are supposed to do or how to do
        something.
       Homework should not be used to introduce
        new material
                    Jason McKinnon   November 2009
Homework BEST practices
7


       If your purpose behind a homework assignment is
        for student practice, make sure students fully
        understand key concepts otherwise this may
        serve to “habituate errors or misconceptions”
        (Marzano, Pickering and Pollock, 2001)
       Walberg (2004) notes that teacher’s feedback to
        students significantly impacts student learning.
        Students learn more when homework is graded,
        commented upon or discussed in class.
       Do not assume parents understand the purpose
        or even support homework practices at home.
                    Jason McKinnon   November 2009
State the purpose for homework
8

                     For Younger Students
    “The reason for today’s homework is…”
     So you can practice doing something you learned in
      school.
     So I can find out if you understand what you learned
      today.
     So you can think about and write about what you
      learned.
     So you can tell me what you think about what you
      learned.
     To show you something we will learn about soon.

     To help you get ready to take a test or a quiz.

                   Jason McKinnon   November 2009
State the purpose for homework
9

                          For Older Students
        Allow you to practice something you have already
        learned.
       Allow you to apply something you have already
        learned to a new situation.
       Check whether you understand something you have
        already learned.
       Allow you to analyze something you have already
        learned.
       Allow you to pull together several things that you have
        already learned.
       Allow you to reflect on your learning.
       Introduce new information to you that we will study
        soon.          Jason McKinnon November 2009
       Help you to review for an upcoming test or quiz.
According to ERIC (2001) study,
     homework is more successful
10
     when:
        Homework is assigned at the beginning of a
         class
        Homework is clearly explained with modeling
         with directions explained orally and in writing
        Students can start some homework in class
         and completed at home.
        Homework is explicitly related to class work
        Students can work together to complete
        Homework is limited
                     Jason McKinnon   November 2009
Homework practices for
11
     parents…
        Please assist your child in his or her efforts by
         establishing a predictable routine e.g. time and
         place
        Children differ in the amount of homework
         support they need; a baseline of support should
         include:
          Regularly reviewing your child’s assignment book or
           home work folder
          Provide an appropriate work space that is
           quiet, well-lighted supplied with necessary
           materials. Supervise students that use a computer
           closely.
          Scaffold but Jason not complete homework for children
                          do McKinnon November 2009
Homework practices for
12
     parents…
     Parents are encouraged to…
      Ask their child about what the child is studying in
       school.
      Ask their child to show them any homework
       assignments.
      Assist their child in organizing homework
       materials.
      Help their child formulate a plan for completing
       homework.
      Provide an appropriate space for their child to
       do homework.
                    Jason McKinnon   November 2009
Homework practices for
13
     parents…
     Parents may if you wish…
      Help their child interpret assignment directions.

      Proofread their child’s work, pointing out errors.

      Read aloud required reading to their child.

      Give practice quizzes to their child to help

       prepare for tests.
      Help their child brainstorm ideas for papers or

       projects.
      Praise their child for completing home work.

                    Jason McKinnon   November 2009
Homework practices for
14
     parents…
     Parents should not…

        Attempt to teach their child concepts or skills the
         child is unfamiliar with.

        Complete assignments for their child.

        Allow their child to sacrifice sleep to complete
         homework.
                      Jason McKinnon   November 2009
Policy on requesting homework
15


        Parents may request missed homework when
         students are ill, please call the school before
         10am to request missed homework

        According to BOE policy, teachers are not
         obligated to assign homework for students
         when they are absent due to a family vacation



                     Jason McKinnon   November 2009
Homework time frames at
     Branchville
16
    Grade K-homework is not formally assigned, though reading habits should be
     emphasized or students may bring home tasks that are designed for parent-child
     participation.
    Grade 1— 15 minutes of homework each night. First graders should read mostly to
     parents as the year progress. 10-15 minutes per week of math homework.
    Grade 2— Like first grade, students should spend 15-20 minutes on homework per
     night; plus a reading or math activity that usually 5 minutes
    Grade 3—20 to 30 minutes of homework which can include content, writing and
     math or long-term projects at the discretion of the teacher. Independent reading
     and/or study assignments may increase the amount of time needed to complete
     homework.
    Gr. 4—30 to 45 min/night in core academic areas. Additional study assignments
     may increase the amount of time needed to complete homework at the discretion
     of the teacher. Students should also practice independent reading for 20 minutes
     with reading responses
    Gr. 5—45-60 min/night in core academic areas. Additional study assignments may
     increase the amount of time needed to complete homework at the discretion of the
     teacher. Students should also practice independent reading for 20 minutes with
     reading responses        Jason McKinnon   November 2009
In summary…
17


        Homework should be clearly explained with
         clear expectations for each assignment
        Should be developmentally appropriate with a
         clear purpose; not busy work
        Limit the amount of homework to fit in
         independent reading time
        Acknowledge homework important with
         feedback
        Periodically solicit feedback from students and
         parents concerning difficulty level and
         complete time.
                     Jason McKinnon   November 2009
From our Assistant
18
     Superintendent…
        It seems to me that the big, “power” idea is
         that teachers need to be very thoughtful, very
         purposeful about the homework they assign.
         Putting themselves in the learner’s seat, they
         should ask—how will this homework help to
         strengthen/deepen my understanding of the
         learning I received today? Homework should
         be directly connected with the goals of the unit
         and the objectives of the series of lessons to
         which it is connected.
                     Jason McKinnon   November 2009

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Homework

  • 1. Jason McKinnon November 2009 1 HOMEWORK Best practices at Branchville School November By Jason McKinnon 2009
  • 2. Jason McKinnon November 2009 2 “FOR HOMEWORK TO BE EFFECTIVE, IT SHOULD SUPPORT EDUCATIONAL GOALS, TAKE INTO ACCOUNT STUDENTS’ ABILITIES AND NEEDS, AND STRENGTHEN THE SCHOOL-HOME CONNECTION…” Protheroe (2009)
  • 3. What the Research says about homework 3  As with many school-related variables that impact student learning, it is difficult to isolate a connection between student learning and homework  Too many variables…quality of homework, student motivation, family support…  However, significant correlations exist between homework and student achievement; stronger correlation in grades 7-12 than K-5 Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 4. What the Research says about homework 4  Cooper, Robinson, and Patall (2006) found, “consistent evidence for a positive influence of homework and achievement.”  Marzano (2007b)… “…the relationship between the amount of homework students do and their achievement outcomes was found to be positive and statistically significant.” Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 5. What the Research says about homework 5  Cooper (2001) suggests possible broad benefits of homework: 1. Long-term academic benefits such as better study habits and skills; 2. Nonacademic benefits, including greater self- efficacy, better time organization and more independent problem solving skills; 3. Greater parental appreciation of and involvement in schooling. Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 6. Homework BEST practices 6  According to Marzano & Pickering (2007), “homework does not need to be assigned as a matter of routine,” but instead when there is a clear purpose in regard to student learning.  Make sure that students understand the homework…students should leave your classroom with no confusion about either what they are supposed to do or how to do something.  Homework should not be used to introduce new material Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 7. Homework BEST practices 7  If your purpose behind a homework assignment is for student practice, make sure students fully understand key concepts otherwise this may serve to “habituate errors or misconceptions” (Marzano, Pickering and Pollock, 2001)  Walberg (2004) notes that teacher’s feedback to students significantly impacts student learning. Students learn more when homework is graded, commented upon or discussed in class.  Do not assume parents understand the purpose or even support homework practices at home. Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 8. State the purpose for homework 8 For Younger Students “The reason for today’s homework is…”  So you can practice doing something you learned in school.  So I can find out if you understand what you learned today.  So you can think about and write about what you learned.  So you can tell me what you think about what you learned.  To show you something we will learn about soon.  To help you get ready to take a test or a quiz. Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 9. State the purpose for homework 9 For Older Students  Allow you to practice something you have already learned.  Allow you to apply something you have already learned to a new situation.  Check whether you understand something you have already learned.  Allow you to analyze something you have already learned.  Allow you to pull together several things that you have already learned.  Allow you to reflect on your learning.  Introduce new information to you that we will study soon. Jason McKinnon November 2009  Help you to review for an upcoming test or quiz.
  • 10. According to ERIC (2001) study, homework is more successful 10 when:  Homework is assigned at the beginning of a class  Homework is clearly explained with modeling with directions explained orally and in writing  Students can start some homework in class and completed at home.  Homework is explicitly related to class work  Students can work together to complete  Homework is limited Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 11. Homework practices for 11 parents…  Please assist your child in his or her efforts by establishing a predictable routine e.g. time and place  Children differ in the amount of homework support they need; a baseline of support should include:  Regularly reviewing your child’s assignment book or home work folder  Provide an appropriate work space that is quiet, well-lighted supplied with necessary materials. Supervise students that use a computer closely.  Scaffold but Jason not complete homework for children do McKinnon November 2009
  • 12. Homework practices for 12 parents… Parents are encouraged to…  Ask their child about what the child is studying in school.  Ask their child to show them any homework assignments.  Assist their child in organizing homework materials.  Help their child formulate a plan for completing homework.  Provide an appropriate space for their child to do homework. Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 13. Homework practices for 13 parents… Parents may if you wish…  Help their child interpret assignment directions.  Proofread their child’s work, pointing out errors.  Read aloud required reading to their child.  Give practice quizzes to their child to help prepare for tests.  Help their child brainstorm ideas for papers or projects.  Praise their child for completing home work. Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 14. Homework practices for 14 parents… Parents should not…  Attempt to teach their child concepts or skills the child is unfamiliar with.  Complete assignments for their child.  Allow their child to sacrifice sleep to complete homework. Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 15. Policy on requesting homework 15  Parents may request missed homework when students are ill, please call the school before 10am to request missed homework  According to BOE policy, teachers are not obligated to assign homework for students when they are absent due to a family vacation Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 16. Homework time frames at Branchville 16  Grade K-homework is not formally assigned, though reading habits should be emphasized or students may bring home tasks that are designed for parent-child participation.  Grade 1— 15 minutes of homework each night. First graders should read mostly to parents as the year progress. 10-15 minutes per week of math homework.  Grade 2— Like first grade, students should spend 15-20 minutes on homework per night; plus a reading or math activity that usually 5 minutes  Grade 3—20 to 30 minutes of homework which can include content, writing and math or long-term projects at the discretion of the teacher. Independent reading and/or study assignments may increase the amount of time needed to complete homework.  Gr. 4—30 to 45 min/night in core academic areas. Additional study assignments may increase the amount of time needed to complete homework at the discretion of the teacher. Students should also practice independent reading for 20 minutes with reading responses  Gr. 5—45-60 min/night in core academic areas. Additional study assignments may increase the amount of time needed to complete homework at the discretion of the teacher. Students should also practice independent reading for 20 minutes with reading responses Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 17. In summary… 17  Homework should be clearly explained with clear expectations for each assignment  Should be developmentally appropriate with a clear purpose; not busy work  Limit the amount of homework to fit in independent reading time  Acknowledge homework important with feedback  Periodically solicit feedback from students and parents concerning difficulty level and complete time. Jason McKinnon November 2009
  • 18. From our Assistant 18 Superintendent…  It seems to me that the big, “power” idea is that teachers need to be very thoughtful, very purposeful about the homework they assign. Putting themselves in the learner’s seat, they should ask—how will this homework help to strengthen/deepen my understanding of the learning I received today? Homework should be directly connected with the goals of the unit and the objectives of the series of lessons to which it is connected. Jason McKinnon November 2009