1. BONES, BONES, BONES
Chapter 1 Section 1

2. Bones are living
tissues, made of
cells.
They take in
nutrients and
use energy.
They are ALIVE!

3. Made up of all the bones in your body.
SkeletalSystem

4. Functions Of Skeletal System
Give body shape and support
Protect your internal organs
They serves as an attachment point for
muscles, helping them to move.
Blood cells are made in the centre of bones
Calcium and phosphorous compounds are
stored in bones for later use. They also make
bones hard.

5. Bone Structure
•Bones are not smooth.
•They have bumps, edges, round
ends, rough spots, and many pits
and holes.

6. Bones Structure

9. Why the bumps and holes?
•Muscles and ligaments attach to the
bumps and pits.
•Blood vessels and nerves enter and
leave through the holes.

10. Periosteum
Surface of bone is
covered with a tough,
tight-fitting membrane

12. Periosteum
Small blood vessels in periosteum carry
nutrients into the bone
Cells for growth and repair of bone are
found here also
Under the periosteum are two types of
bone - compact bone and spongy bone

13. Compact Bone
Directly under the periosteum.
Compact bone is hard and strong.
Gives bones strength.
Contains calcium and phosphate.
Contains bone cells and blood vessels
It is living. It is keeps bones from being too
rigid, brittle or easily broken

16. Spongy Bones
Located at the ends of your long bones, like our
thigh and upper arm bone.
Have many small openings to keep the bone
lightweight
The centers of long bones have a large opening
called a cavity.
These cavities are filled with marrow.
Marrow is also in openings of the spongy bone

17. Spongy Bone

20. MARROW
Yellow marrow contains fat cells
Red marrow produces red blood cells
How long does it take to produce 2-3
million red blood cells?
1 Second

21. Cartilage
The ends of bones are covered with a smooth,
slippery, thick layer of tissue called cartilage
Cartilage does not contain blood vessels or
minerals
Flexible
Absorbs shocks in joints
Makes movement easier, reduces friction
Can be damaged

22. No Bones Here

23. Bone Formation
 Beginning skeleton was made of cartilage.
 It gradually broke down and was replaced by bone.
 Osteoblasts (bone forming cells) deposited minerals
calcium and phosphorus in the bones, making the
bone tissue hard.
 At birth you had 300 bones. You now have 206
bones.
 How did you lose 94 bones??
 Some fused, or grew together.

24. No Bones Here

26. Osteoblasts build up bone.
Osteoclasts….
…break down bone tissue.
This is normal and healthy.
Osteoclasts release calcium and phosphorus
into the blood stream, which are needed to
keep your body working properly, including
moving your muscles.

27. Joints
Any place where two or more bones come
together
The bones are separated by cartilage and are
held together by ligaments

28. Immovable
Joints
Examples:
Skull, Pelvis

29. Pivot
Joints
Examples:
arm, head

30. Ball and
Socket
Examples:
Hip, Shoulder

31. Hinge
Joint
Examples
elbows,
knees, fingers

32. Gliding
Joint
Examples
wrists, ankles
vertebrae

33. Joint Problems?