1. LIFE Magazine – Civil Rights

3. The Civil Rights Movement

4. Battling Segregation

10. People across the country, like these from Poolesville, Maryland, in 1956, took to the streets to protest integration. This kind of opposition exposed the deep divide in the nation, and revealed the difficulty of enforcing the high court’s decision. (Courtesy of Washington Star Collection, Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library)

11. Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas; African American students arriving in a U.S. Army car. Supplied by NAACP

12. As white students jeer her and Arkansas National Guards look on, Elizabeth Eckford enters Little Rock Central High School in 1957 Eckford didn’t receive the call from the NAACP stating they would provide transportation; she set out along to desegregate Central High.

16. If any single event touched off the activist phase of the civil rights movement, it was the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955-56. Triggered by the refusal of a black seamstress, Mrs. Rosa Parks, to take her place at the back of a city bus when the driver demanded it, this grass-roots movement led by the young Martin Luther King lasted for just over a year, from 1955 to late in the next year. For the first time since the depression, political initiative shifted from Washington back into the country itself, in this case the courts, schools, lunch counters, courthouses, streets and jails of the South. ---from The Experience of Politics Cartoon by Laura Gray, first appeared in The Militant, 2/13/56

22. Triumphs of a Crusade

23. Freedom Riders

25. 1961

26. Dr. King’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”

27. The Children’s March - 1963

29. Birmingham Church Bombing

38. “ I’m sick and tired of being sick and tired” Fannie Lou Hamer , American civil rights leader, at the Democratic National Convention, Atlantic City, New Jersey, August 1964

40. Challenges and Changes in the Movement

44. Malcolm X Early beliefs: Nation of Islam Later: views towards whites softened; ballots over bullets Stokely Carmichael Organizer for SNCC; later became a Black Panther