Earth. Maps 1º ESO

2. ● PARALLELS AND MERIDIANS
The parallels are imaginary
lines that run from East to
West and are perpendicular
to the meridians and parallel
to the Equator
The meridians are
imaginary lines that run
from North Pole to South
Pole. The Prime Meridian
or Meridian of Greenwich
is 0º longitude.

4. THE GEOGRAPHIC GRID

6. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
Latitude  It is the
angular distance between
any point on the Earth’s
surface and the Equator. It
can be North and South.
Longitude  It is the angular
distance between any point on the
Earth’s surface and the Prime
Meridian o Greenwich Meridian.
It can be East and West

7. LOCATION - ORIENTATION

8. CARDINAL POINTS: North, South, East and
West.
Orientation is the action of being located in
space taking into account the cardinal points

9. En la antigüedad los marinos expresaban las direcciones
basándose en las de los ocho vientos principales, de ahí
nace la llamada rosa de los vientos, conocida desde el siglo
XIII.
ROSA DE LOS VIENTOS (COMPASS ROSE)

10. Location allows us to
establish the exact place
where a geographical space is
located

11. GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES are used to define the
position of a specific point on the Earth using degrees. To
find out the geographic coordinates of a specific point we
need to combine latitude and longitude

12. 5. LOCALIZAR PUNTOS EN EL MAPA

13. THE REPRESENTATION OF THE EARTH
The Earth has a shape of geoid. A globe is the most
accurate representation of the Earth’s surface. We
need to use projection systems to represent the Earth
on a flat surface.

14. GLOBES (GLOBOS TERRÁQUEOS)
A globe is a three-dimensional scale
model of the Earth, being the only
geographical representation that suffers less
distortion.

15.  Map is the metric and graphic
representation of a portion of a territory
that can be made on any two-dimensional
surface, which is traditionally flat.
MAPS

16. FLAT OR AZIMUTHAL PROJECTON:
The image is obtained from a flat
surface placed on one of the polar
regions. It is mainly used to represent
the polar regions.
CONIC PROJECTION: The surface of
the Earth is projected on an
imaginary cone. It is mainly used to
represent polar regions.
CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION:
The surface of the Earth is
projected on an imaginary cylinder
around the Earth. Good for areas
close to the Equator.

18. FLAT OR AZIMUTHAL PROJECTION

19. CONIC PROJECTION

20. CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION

21. CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION
Planisferio que se dibuja proyectando los puntos de la esfera sobre un cilindro.

22. PROYECCIÓN MERCATOR (1569)
CILÍNDRICA

23. PROYECCIÓN PETERS (1973)

24. 4. LOS MAPAS Y LAS ESCALAS

25. HOW DO WE READ A MAP?
Compass
Rose
Scale
The map shows a series of elements that help your understanding. These elements
are: the title, the compass rose, the geographical coordinates and the key. The legend
captures the meaning of the signs used on the map. These signs may be represented
by colors and / or symbols.
Key