This document discusses smart grids and sustainable development from a regulatory and operational perspective. It covers topics such as: - The definition of sustainable development and how smart grids can enable a more sustainable power sector. - India's current energy scenario including low per capita consumption, generation and transmission issues, and the need to reduce dependence on coal for sustainable development and energy security. - How smart grid technologies like sensors, automation, and two-way communication can help address existing issues in generation, transmission, distribution and with consumers. - The key drivers for smart grids in India from the perspective of utilities, customers and government/regulators. The objectives are to achieve cost recovery and customer value for utilities, and cost

1. Smart Grid for Sustainable
Development
Regulatory and operational
perspective
Vijay Menghani
Joint Chief ( Engg.)
B.E.,MBA
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission13-05-2016 1

2. Sustainable Development
• “Development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own
needs” Brundtland Commission : Our Common Future( 1987)
– Sustainable Economy
– Sustainable Power Sector
– Sustainable Regulatory Mechanism
13-05-2016 2

3. Indian Scenario
• Low Per Capita Energy Consumption= 918
kWh( 2012-13)
• Installed Capacity=237743 MW ( Feb,2014)
• 2013-14
– Peak Demand Met 129915 MW Shortage 4.3%
– Energy Availability 877784 MU Shortage 4.2%
– Decreasing PLF 70.13 (2012-13) 65.53(2013-14)
– Reason – Coal Shortage, Economic slowdown and
affordability
13-05-2016 3

4. Many issues
G T D C
Generation Transmission Distribution Consumer
Coal Shortage ROW T&D Losses Low per
capita
consumption
Environmental
issues
Congestion Network
Reach
Affordability
( Legacy
subsidy)
Land Renewable
Integration
Low level of
automation
Information
Asymmetry
13-05-2016 4

5. Smart Grid as Tool
• Earlier Smart Grid was being viewed as only meant for
distribution in line with US investment in aging
infrastructure.
• For managing grid Regulatory tools of Grid code and
deviation settlement mechanism were being used.
• Commission started viewing this as an integrating solution.
• Electricity Grid is an integrated eco system where problems
of one part quickly spill over to higher voltage level if not
visible, measured and controlled.
• The big event of 30th and 31st July, 2012 due to Network
visibility and reliability , Renewable issues and Grid
discipline and load forecasting and management issues.
13-05-2016 5

6. Way out
• Generation : For sustainable Development and
Energy Security dependency on Coal need to be
reduced at least for Energy
• It may be due to compulsion like Domestic coal
production not matching with requirement or
costly imported coal resulting in higher
generation cost for which there is no buyer.
• Desirable – TO reduce carbon foot print
Renewable need to be embraced .
13-05-2016 6

7. IEA estimates
13-05-2016 7

8. IEA Estimates
13-05-2016 8

9. Renewable
• Carbon emission (2011)
USA China India World
Total(Milli
on Metric
Ton)
5490 8715 1725 32578
Per capita 17.62 6.52 1.45 4.69
•Sustainable development possible only with Renewable
•12th plan target - MW( working group report)
Wind Solar Biomass Small
Hydro
Waste
to
energy
Tidal/
Geo
Total
15000 10000 4050 2100 500 14 31664
13-05-2016 9

10. Issues in Renewable
• Grid connected wind has integration issue due to
variability at system operation end and transmission
investment issues.
• Solar PV has integration and commercial issues at
distribution end .
• The mismatch in timing of renewable generation and
demand both daily and seasonal .
• For effective and optimum use Storage and balancing
power requirement .
• The impact of renewable on conventional generation
management and cost of balancing service raise
regulatory issues of tariff realization.
13-05-2016 10

11. Smart Grid
13-05-2016 11

12. Solution or more problem
• Where we are , why we are here
(Hum kaoun thai ,kya ho gaye hai or kya hoge abhi)
• Shortage of fund , but more funds are
required to implement smart grid.
• I am facing shortage of power Where I should
invest money, to buy more power or invest in
smart grid.
• Not an alternative solution but a
complimentary solution
13-05-2016 12

13. Tariff hiked but can it continue
13

14. Tariff hike needed but can be reduced
14

15. Necessity
Capacity Reliability
Efficiency Sustainability
Smart Grid
Growing demand
of Electricity
Providing high quality
electrical energy whenever
wherever it needed
Reducing losses in
every part of
delivery chain
Ensuring integration of
Renewables
13-05-2016 15

16. Sustainable Development Agenda
16
• Transmission for Renewable
• New Capability( PEV, Storage)
• Energy Demand Flexibility
Renewable
Integration
• Network Visibility( PMUs)
• Network Reliability
• Reduce outage duration
Reliability
• Reduction of T&D Losses
• Reduction of theft
Efficiency
• Improve asset Utilization
• Reduce retail operational cost
• Demand Side management
Conservation
Inspired from : Accenture Analytic 2013

17. Definition
• A smart grid is a modernized electrical
grid that uses analogue or digital information
and communications technology to gather and
act on information, such as information about
the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in
an automated fashion to improve the
efficiency, reliability, economics, and
sustainability of the production and
distribution of electricity.[
13-05-2016 17

18. SMART
• Specific – target a specific area for
improvement.
• Measurable – quantify or at least suggest an
indicator of progress.
• Assignable/Attainable – specify who will do it.
• Realistic – state what results can realistically
be achieved, given available resources.
• Time-related – specify when the result(s) can
be achieved.
13-05-2016 18

19. Why clarity is required
• From a regulatory perspective , a clear
definition is important for following reasons:
1
• It helps if consumers , utilities , vendor and regulators all
starts from a common understanding of smart grid.
2.
• It establishes the framework to guide expectations, resource
allocation decisions and implementation priorities
3.
• We all agree that it implies a modernization of the existing
electric grid but may differ on :
• How modernization translates into the specific policy actions
or resource decisions.
13-05-2016 19

20. Drivers for Smart Grid in India
Utilities Customers Government
/Regulator
1. Reduction of T&D losses
in all utilities as well as
improved collection
efficiency
2. Peak load management
– multiple options from
direct load control to
consumer pricing
incentives
3. Reduction in power
purchase cost
4. Better asset
management
5. Increased grid visibility
6. Self-healing grid
7. Renewable integration
1. Expand access to electricity –
“Power for All”
2. Improve reliability of supply to
all customers – no power cuts, no
more DG sets and inverters
3. Improve quality of supply – no
more voltage stabilizers
4. User friendly and transparent
interface with utilities
5. Increased choices for
consumers, including green power
6. “Prosumer” (producer and
consumer) enablement
7. Options to save money by
shifting loads from peak periods to
off-peak periods
1. Satisfied
customers
2. Financially sound
utilities
3. Tariff neutral
system upgrade
and modernization
4. Reduction in
emission intensity
13-05-2016 20
Source: Smart Grid forum of India

21. Objectives for Smart Grid
UTILITY
Cost
Recovery
Customer
Value for
money
Objective
Regulator
Cost
effectiveness
13-05-2016 21

22. What is a Smart Grid?
A smart grid uses digital technologies to improve the reliability,
security, efficiency, and flexibility of the electric system.
Image used courtesy of Florida Power and Light
Smart Grids Involve
System-Wide Approaches
13-05-2016 22

23. Existing and expected
Existing Grid Smart Grid
Type Electro mechanical +Digital
Communication One Way Two way
Generation Centralised Distributed
Presence of
sensor
Few Throughout
Monitoring
/Fault Detection
Manual Automatic
Fault Correction Manual Restoration +Self Healing
Control Limited Pervasive
Consumer Passive Active
13-05-2016 23
Source : POWERGRID

24. Key Technologies and Systems for Smart Grids
24
sourceUS Energy

25. Cost price and benefit
• To reach informed decision on any Regulatory
issue like Tariff, Quantum of Renewables or smart
Grid investment say Smart meter it is necessary
that whole value chain is understood.
• “It was opined that the cost of smart meter was
quite prohibitive.” Minutes of meeting.
• If smart meter is considered as only a metering
device to get 15 minutes data and it is not clear
that what will be done with that data, this
confusion about cost would prevail.
• Smart Meter is only a building block.
25

26. Without application?
13-05-2016 26

27. Spectrum of applications
13-05-2016 27

28. Regulatory Perspective
• Expectations from Regulator
• Information to Regulator
• Structural issues for Regulator
• Technical and Commercial appraisal issues
• Tariff Design Challenges
• Performance Measurement Challenges
• Consumer Engagement Challenges
Forum of Regulator 39th meeting in Chandigarh emphasis few of
these issues
28

29. Expectations from Regulator
• Smart Grid need proactive support from Regulator
• The condition of India are different from US and EU . To
sell a concept of smart Grid in high energy
consumption country where people understand benefit
of electricity and its quality is easier than the country
where power shortage exist.
• Indian Regulator is working under various constraints
like staff shortage, technology uncertainty, limited
pass through of investment cost in addition to legacy
political economy issue of subsidy .
• Smart Grid is not a priority area for local government
and utility which is fire fighting with resource crunch.
29

30. Expectations from Regulator
• Collaborate with public and private sector stakeholders to
determine regulatory and market solutions that can mobilise
private sector investment in all electricity system sectors.
• Recognise that smart grid deployments should reflect regional
needs and conditions – a “one-size-fits-all” does not apply to
the deployment of smart grids.( e.g. Renewable Rich or not,
consumer profile, status of unbundling)
• Plan for evolution in regulation along with technology
development – new technologies will both offer and need
new regulatory options.
• Invest in research, development and demonstration (RD&D)
that address system-wide and broad-range sectoral issues,
and that provide insights into behavioral aspects of electricity
use. (Source: IEA Road map)
30

31. Information base
• Traditional information asymmetry is more pronounced
in Smart Grid investments.
• Traditionally utility held back information from Regulator
for commercial reasons.
• Here even utility is not certain about benefit and
information is either vendor driven and or expectation
driven based on project done elsewhere.
• So there is need of a information clearing house for
knowledge management which become more important
as staff in most of the Commission is on deputation.
13-05-2016 31

32. Structural and Policy issues
• The success of smart grid elsewhere was driven by
active collaboration of Federal Government( Through
Act), Federal Regulator Policy , State Regulator, Private
Utility, Innovators/ entrepreneur in other sector of
economy like banking and IT.
• Although SGIF are doing commendable job, the policy
and finance support need to be strengthen .
• More active engagement of Central Regulator and
Authority will bring more confidence in investors for
policy certainty.
13-05-2016 32

33. Technical and commercial appraisal
• Pilot projects and its results must be appraised
for effective transition to large investment grade
projects.
• Difficulty in case of new technology . Industry
need to create sound business case to assure
Regulator.
• The assumptions in appraisal need to be realistic.
• If transparent competitive bidding is there , not
much issue on commercial part.
• Both economic and Non-monetary Appraisal are
required.
13-05-2016 33

34. Example Analytical Approach to Assess
Smart Grid Technology Benefits
Improves
feeder voltage
regulation
Reduced feeder
losses worth
Rs.per MWh
Automatic
voltage and
VAR control
• Capacitor
controls
• Distribution
Management
System
Functions Mechanisms Benefits
What does the
Smart Grid do?
How does it
do that?
What “goodness”
results?
Monetary
Value
What is the
goodness
worth?
What are Smart
Grid technologies?
Assets
Rs
lakhs
per
year
34 34
13-05-2016 34
Source: EPRI

35. Cautious handling of Claim Counter
claim
• CLAIM:"For example, the cumulative transmission capacity of all the inter-
regional corridors by 2012 is around 28,000 MW. However, the Transfer
capability based upon voltage/angular stability consideration as well as
off-line simulation studies declared in the Month of March, 2012 is about
8,500 MW. On implementation of URTDSM scheme, conservative side if
10% of the Total Transfer Capability is increased on the inter-regional
corridors only, additional 850 MW power can be exchanged. Such
quantum of power shall translate into annual energy of about 2978 MU
[Energy in MU= (850X0.40X8760)/103].
• If we consider cheapest rate of energy at Rs. 2 per unit on the
conservative side then the total annual energy cost comes out to be about
Rs. 595 Crs. In other words, the subject scheme whose annual estimated
transmission charges is of Rs. 147 Cr. shall enable the grid to handle
additional energy whose cost is of the order of Rs. 595 Cr.
• View:We know that Transfer capability depend on load generation
balance and network on a particular time frame, so this claim can not
form basis of decision.
13-05-2016 35

36. Cautious handling of Claim Counter claim
• Order:
• 15. The Indian power system is growing manifolds and complexity is increasing in
all fronts viz. generation, transmission and distribution. New regime of open
electricity market also poses challenge in maintaining grid security and reliability.
On the one hand, non-conventional energy resources must be developed and
need to be integrated with the grid for sustainability. On the other hand,
increasing emphasis on Renewable Energy Sources, which are beset with
variability and intermittency in their output, contribute to challenges in system
operation.
• Indian power system now has 1000 MW single power stations, high capacity 765
kV transmission lines and single generation units of 1000 MW and 800kV HVDC
transmission system feeding large cities and various critical loads are on the anvil.
The incidents like natural calamity, etc., even on a single element of this capacity,
have the potential to cause a major grid disturbance.
• The highest order of real time measurements, monitoring and control system is a
must to avoid or mitigate impact of such incidences. To address these issues,
introduction of intelligence in transmission system through smart grid applications
is inevitable.
13-05-2016 36

37. Cautious handling of Claim Counter
claim
• No false sense of benefit
• 17. Some of the beneficiaries like BSEB and BRPL have submitted that
Regulatory approval should be accorded only if the petitioner assures that
the transmission system would achieve 100% availability after
implementation of the JRTDSM scheme. In this connection, we intend to
clarify that the primary purpose of the URTDSM scheme is to improve the
visibility and security of the grid and to mitigate the probability of the gird
failure and cannot prevent the physical faults like earth fault, line to line
fault, etc. It may not be possible to achieve 100% availability is the forced
outage in the system cannot be ruled out.
13-05-2016 37

38. Tariff Design Challenges
• The issue of Tariff design for smart Grid is
challenging due to involvement of IT and
Communication technology.
• It is necessary that higher depreciation is allowed
but as benefits of smart grid investments are
realised over a longer period , it is difficult to take
a call.
• CERC tariff Regulations 2014 and RLDC fee and
Charges Regulations take care of the fact that
SCADA and communication system investment
need to paid back early.
13-05-2016 38

39. Tariff Design Challenges
• For DSM related efforts there is need to adopt
innovative methods to convince utility that by selling
less number of units , it will not suffer.
• The present design of discom tariff wherein the volume
of sales ( unit sold) may affect discom as part of fixed
charges are also recovered through energy charges.
• Any coercive action , may not be fulfilling real objective
of energy saving.
• Say Rs 40 crs granted for DSM are not utilised then
equivalent energy would not be considered for tariff
determination then commercially it may be ok but real
objective of energy saving is not achieved.
• The loads shedding and subsidy structure is also
hampering DSM adoption.
13-05-2016 39

40. Tariff Design
13-05-2016 40
NREL: Decoupling Policies : Option to Encourage Energy
Efficiency Policy for Utilities

41. Tariff Design Challenges
• The concept of Decoupling may be adopted to incentivise
utilities.
A decoupling mechanism is simply a system to regularly
adjust rates to ensure a utility’s actual revenues match its
authorized revenues to recover its fixed costs.
The small rate adjustments break the link between—or
decouple—a utility’s revenues and sales by either restoring
to the utility or giving back to customers the money that was
under- or overcollected as a result of fluctuations in retail
sales.
This ensures that utilities:
– Recover only the prudently incurred fixed costs that were
approved by their regulator or governing board
– Cannot make a windfall by encouraging higher sales
– Are not penalized when energy-efficiency programs, clean
distributed generation, and other demand-side efforts
reduce sales13-05-2016 41

42. Performance Measurement Challenges
• Due to non availability of base line data there is
always a difficulty in measuring the effectiveness
of a initiatives.
• R APDRP is improving situation.
• Utilities more proactive while seeking approval
but at the time of performance measurement not
willing to share the data.
• Portal based real time assessment than year end
review may be a better solution.
• Information dissemination experience in R-
APDRP.
13-05-2016 42

43. Smart Grid Data Hub
“SGIG and SGDP projects have different reporting
requirements to the Smart Grid Data Hub for build
and impact metrics:
Build metrics are uploaded to the Data Hub on a
quarterly basis for both SGIG and SGDP projects,
following approval by DOE of a project’s Metrics
and Benefits Reporting Plan.
Impact metrics for SGIG projects are uploaded to
the Data Hub on a semi-annual basis, following
approval by DOE of a project’s Metrics and Benefits
Reporting Plan.
13-05-2016 43

44. Sharing of information is sharing of
responsibility
Electric Transmission
System Assets
Quantity* Incurred Cost**
Number of Entities
Reporting***
PMUs 1,032 $82,420,443 12
Phasor data concentrators 152 $14,083,333 12
Dynamic rating systems 0 $0 0
IT hardware, systems, and
applications that enable
transmission
functionalities
$82,537,945 31
Advanced applications $54,313,513 14
Other transmission
related costs
$281,644,813 24
Total transmission
installed cost
$432,462,101 24
13-05-2016 44
SGIG Program Electric Transmission Asset Expenditures
Deployed as of December 31, 2013 Updated April 1, 2014

45. Customer Engagement challenges
• The success of Smart Grid will depend on consumer
confidence which can be achieved only through customer
engagement.
• In India it is expected that consumers would react only
during tariff hearing in Regulatory Commission .
• In place of utility , the Regulator through its order is
supposed to satisfy, pacify a consumer who due to
propaganda is already shifted toward opposing any
investment due to tariff fear . ( Delhi Electronic Meter
Expereince)
• Efforts need to be made by utility to engage customer using
all means of communication including social media.
13-05-2016 45

46. Engage Customers
13-05-2016 46

47. Capacity Building issues
• 39th meeting Forum of Regulator, emphasis the
need of capacity building for Smart Grid
“Consultation/awareness programmes for Regulators
and regulatory staff should be undertaken on the
subject.”
• Capacity building in not required only at
Regulatory level but at utility level, junior
and middle level staff need to be roped in as
success of any Smart Grid project depend on
their support.
13-05-2016 47

48. Smart Grid applications
Wide Area Measurement Applications-
PMU and analytic, Dynamic rating
Distribution Network Applications- CVR,
Automatic switching
Customer end Applications -DSM
13-05-2016 48

49. Distribution Level Applications
• Distribution Automation SCADA
• Outage Management Automated Switching
• Controlled Voltage Reduction
13-05-2016 49

50. DSM –Customer end applications
• With Common Sense
• With Tariff Design
• With Smart Meter
13-05-2016 50

51. Three DSM Programs
• MSEDCL initiated three activities
– Pilot Agricultural DSM Program: Replacement of Old
Agricultural Pumps by 4 Star rated pumps – BEE support
– Replacement of 5000 Old Ceiling fans by 5 Star rated
Ceiling Fans -- LBNL support
– Coating roofs with white color to reduce room
temperatures and energy use -- LBNL support
13-05-2016 51

52. Replacement of 5000 Old Ceiling Fans by
5-Star Rated Ceiling Fans
• Old ceiling fans with over 7 years vintage
– Ceiling fans consume power in 80-105 watts
– 5-Star rated fans have 55 watts consumption
• Goal: Switch 5000 fans in MSEDCL commercial
33/11 KV substations and section offices in 13 cities
• Cost was Rs. 1135 per fan
• Ongoing M&V being carried out in 520 cites
• 25 watts saving, and 11 hrs/day use, results in
0.4 M kWh reduction
• MSEDCL Potential Money saving - utility
perspective – Rs.575 per year per fan
13-05-2016 52

53. India Cool Roofs Experiments
Two India experiments
• In Hyderabad, India, 2007-2008
– Cool roof on two air-conditioned(AC) industry
buildings
• In Nagpur, India, 2013 --
– Cool roof on a utility company non-AC building
13-05-2016 53
Source:
LBNL

54. • LBNL conducted a one year experiment at Satyam Computers Training Center in
Hyderabad, India in 2006-07 –> 10 -20% reduction in AC load due to white roofs
• LBNL staff convinced Delhi Chief Minister who approved mandatory white roofs for
all new government buildings in July 2009
Albedo Effect: 100m2(~1000 ft2) of a white roof, replacing a dark roof,
offsets the emission of 10 t CO2
White Roofs (WR) — Albedo Effect
India WR activity is ancient
United States India – WR over many centuries
Source: Akbari, Menon, and Rosenfeld 200813-05-2016 54

55. Nagpur MSEDCL Building Data Example (2013)
White Roof outdoor and indoor temperature difference is 15 degrees
compared to 7 degrees difference in Grey Roof.
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
4-Jun 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun 8-Jun 9-Jun
Indoorair&outdoorairtemperature(°C)
ia1-oa1
ia2-oa2
ia1-oa1 is white roof
ia2-oa2 is gray roof
13-05-2016 55
Source:
LBNL

56. Increasing Renewables
56

57. Variability and Uncertainty: Few
Examples-TamilNadu
5713-05-2016

58. Variability and Uncertainty: Few
Examples-Tamil Nadu
5813-05-2016

59. MAX WIND DAY: MAHARASHTRA 25 June 2011
30.69 MU GENERATED, 9.48 % OF TOTAL STATE CONSUMPTION
49.5
49.7
49.9
50.1
50.3
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Maharashtra total Wind
WIND GENERATION IN MW
FREQUENCY
MW
Hz
Time(hrs)
MAX: 1415 MW, MIN: 1136 MW
9% OF DEMAND MET BY WIND @ 09:00 HRS.
13-05-2016 59

60. MAX WIND DAY:GUJARAT 17 June 2011
35 MU GENERATED, 15.15% OF TOTAL STATE CONSUMPTION
49.5
49.7
49.9
50.1
50.3
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Gujarat Total Wind
WIND GENERATION IN MW
FREQUENCY
MW
Hz
MAX: 1642 MW, MIN 1239 MW
17% OF DEMAND MET BY WIND @18 HRS
Time(hrs)
13-05-2016 60

61. Renewable integration
• The variability and uncertainty of Renewables affect both
transmission i.e. Grid integration ,distribution and
conventional generation too.
• The problem are both technical and commercial.
• Green initiatives require that renewables are to be
absorbed as “Must Run”.
• Renewable generation pattern is different from load
pattern, so to use it economic and efficient way , Energy
Storage is a solution ,but costly at present.
• With lack of Pump storage facilities and costly imported
gas , surely there is surely a need for Energy Storage case
study but lack of data may hamper a true picture?
• Utilities are using Deviation settlement mechanism to
curtail wind generation.
13-05-2016 61

62. Renewables Variability to stability
62

63. Partners to reliable integrate high levels of VERs
including regional coordination
Generation Storage
Demand
Response
Dispatchable
Quick Start
Wider Operating Range
Load Shift
Over
Generation
Mitigation
Voltage
Support
Peak Load Reduction
Dispatchable
Wind/Solar
Fast Ramping
Regulation
Frequency
Response
Slide 6313-05-2016 63

64. Grid Storage
64

65. Benefits of smart grid
65

66. Smart Grid :PMU initiative in India
• CERC approved pilot project in Northern Region for
installation of four PMUs and Data concentrator in
Dec,2009. and for Western Region in 2010
• Similar Pilot projects were initiated in other four
regions with installation of PMUs at important
locations.
• Unified Real Time Dynamic State Measurement
Scheme( URDSM) scheme for installation of 1186
+554 PMUs and 32 PDCs and Analytic software
approved on 6.9.2013 at Rs 655 crs and include
11000 km optical fibre.
13-05-2016 66

67. Process of Regulatory Approval
After getting approval in Standing Committee of Power( 5.3.12) POWERGRID filed
petition
Commission asked to give cost benefit and discuss issue in Regional power
Committee in each Region
Investment agreed in each RPC and queries of states replied by POWERGRID
Hearing held and all stakeholders were asked to give their comments
Approval for stage I was given on 6.9.2013 with instruction to file status report
13-05-2016 67

68. WAMS / PMUs Projects
Total no of PMUs - 59 Nos.
(including 3 nos. PMU
installed by IPPs)
Region wise PMUs:
NR - 14 Nos
WR - 15 Nos
ER - 12 Nos
SR - 10 Nos
NER – 08 Nos
At present data from 44
PMUs are available at NLDC
PDC.
In addition to above data
from 4 PMUs installed as
demo project is also available
13-05-2016 68

69. PMU Architecture
13-05-2016 69

70. Synchronization of SR grid with NEW grid at 2025hrs on 31.12.13
328 MW
-191 MW
13-05-2016 70

71. Frequency Variation
Two grids –Two FrequenciesOne Grid –One Frequency
13-05-2016 71

72. How PMUs helped in Grid Integration
• Continuous tracking of the following parameters from Raichur and Sholapur end
PMUs
– Frequency
– Voltage
– Current
– Phasor Angle
• 765 kV Raichur – Sholapur line flow monitored continuously
• Angular separation between asynchronous grids (NEW & SR) monitored continuously
for appropriate moment of synchronization.
• Dynamic Visibility of the following events:
– Bus Charging
– Line Reactor Charging
– ICT Charging
– Line Charging
– Line Synchronization
7213-05-2016

73. 30.7.2012
13-05-2016 73

74. 31.7.2012
13-05-2016 74

75. Possible usage of PMUs
• Island detection tools – incorporate frequency into AGC
• Automatic event analyzer
• Dynamic model validation studies
• State Estimator - validation and angle baselining
• Dynamic phase angle difference limit – study the
usefulness of combining real-time PMU measurements
with model-based programs
• Additional studies on oscillation mode detection and
analysis – combined efforts with adjacent balancing
authorities to write operating procedures
13-05-2016 75

76. 76
Synchrophasors- Too much data
How much data will synchrophasors generate?
A phasor measurement unit (PMU) sampling at 30 times per second with a data
stream of typical parameters results in approximately 70 megabytes per day of data.
Assuming 500 PMUs in the region, this requires storing 35 gigabytes per day at a
central reliability center.
How is the data time-stamped?
All PMUs in the region are taking data at the same instant in time and the PMU time-
stamps each sample.
How will the data be transmitted?
The data is transmitted to a Phasor Data Concentrator, often at a control center, over
communication channels from various locations in the region. The data is likely to
arrive at the PDC at slightly different times over the various communications paths, so
the PDC aligns the data according the time-stamps to be used in visualization tools and
other applications.
13-05-2016

77. Role of Academia
• While it is necessary that Government, Regulator,
Utility and vendors works together, the academia
need to provide the backbone to this
development.
• Research is necessary to provide cost effective
solution for smart metering, distribution
switches, communication protocol and most
important Cyber security.
• Application development for PMU and data
analytic.
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78. Let us try
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Process should not be seen as Utility or vendor driven
but need to be explained as an effort toward better
and reliable power supply for people .
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79. Action Plan
• Go ahead with firm belief that Smart Grid
provides tool and applications for sustainable
Development by integrating all components of
Electrical power which enable optimum
utilization of Renewables .
• Central Regulator’s action plan for near term is
focussed on following issues and it is expected
that Industry would support us:
– Renewable integration through Renewable
Management Centres: Visibility, Measurement and
Forecasting
– Business case for Storage solution in comparison of
using existing stranded gas capacity.
– PMU data analytics for transfer capability
optimisation
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80. Smart Grid require smart
attitude.
Vijay Menghani
9999035484
vmenghani@cercind.gov.in
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