Spanish project

“SPAIN-CULTURE, FESTIVAL, SPORTS, LANGUAGE & LITERATURE”

SRI SHARADA INSTITUTE OF INDIAN MANAGEMENT-RESEARCH
(A unit of Sri Sringeri Sharada Peetham, Sringeri)

Approved by AICTE

Plot No. 7, Phase-II, Institutional Area, Behind the Grand Hotel, Vasant Kunj,

New Delhi ± 110070 Tel.: 2612409090 / 91; Fax: 26124092

E-mail: administration@srisim.org; Website: www.srisim.org

THE
PROJECT REPORT
ON

“SPAIN-CULTURE, FESTIVAL, SPORTS, LANGUAGE &
LITERATURE”

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

Prof Tapan Paul Deepanshu Chamoli (20100131)

Saptarshi Roy (20100122)

PGDM-2nd YEAR

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project on “SPAIN-CULTURE, FESTIVAL, SPORTS,
LANGUAGE & LITERATURE” ” of “ ” of PGDM to Sri Sharada Institutes of
Indian Management Research is my own original work for the
fulfillment of the requirement for nay course of the study. I also
declare that no chapter of the manuscript in whole or part is lifted
and incorporated in this report from any other work done by me or
others.

Place:

Date:

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Acknowledgement
It is said, the most important single word is “WE” and the zero important single
word is “I”. This true even in today’s modern era .It is absolutely impossible for a
single individual to complete the assigned job without help and assistance from
others.

I would like to acknowledge to my sincere gratitude to our CMT& MD Rev. Swami
ji (Dr.) Parthasarathy and my project guide Prof. Tapan Paul for helping me in this
project work.

I am thankful to all my friends and batch metes for their help in completing this
project work. Finally, I am thankful to my entire family members for their great
support and encouragement.

Deepanshu Chamoli (20100131)

Saptarshi Roy (20100122)

PGDM (2010-2012)

Sri Sharada Institute Of Indian Management- Research

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A SPANISH OVERVIEW

People
 Nationality: Noun--Spaniard(s).
 Adjective--Spanish.
 Population (National Institute of Statistics (INE), January 1, 2011):
47,150,819.
 Ethnic groups: Distinct ethnic groups within Spain include the Basques,
Catalans, and Galician’s.
 Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic (approx. 75%); Protestant and
Islamic faiths also have a significant presence.
 Languages: Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan-Valencia 17%, Galician 7%,
Basque 2%.
 Education: Years compulsory--to age 16. Literacy (INE, third quarter 2008)--
97.6%.
 Work force (first quarter 2011): 18.2 million.
 Unemployment rate (first quarter 2011): 21.29%.

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Economy
 GDP (2010): $1.409 trillion (€1.063 trillion); seventh-largest economy in the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
 Per capita GDP (2010): $29,876 (€22,536).
 GDP annual growth rate (2010): -0.1%.
 Natural resources: Coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites,
fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, hydroelectric power.
 Agriculture and fisheries(2.5% of GDP, 2010): Products--grains, vegetables,
citrus and deciduous fruits, wine, olives and olive oil, sunflowers, livestock
and poultry, dairy products, seafood.
 Industry (11.5% of GDP, 2010): Types--processed foods, textiles, footwear,
petrochemicals, steel, automobiles, consumer goods, electronics.
 Services (2010): 65.57% of GDP.
 Trade (2010): Exports--$247.7 billion (€185.8 billion): automobiles, fruits,
minerals, metals, clothing, footwear, textiles. Major markets--EU 67.7%,
U.S. 3.51%. Imports--$317.4 billion (€238.1 billion): petroleum, oilseeds,
aircraft, grains, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, fish,
consumer goods. Major sources--EU 54.6%, U.S. 4%.
 Average exchange rate (2010): 1 euro=U.S. $1.326.

People
Spain's population density, lower than that of most European countries, is roughly
equivalent to New England's. In recent years, following a longstanding pattern in
the rest of Europe, rural populations are moving to cities. Urban areas are also
experiencing a significant increase in immigrant populations, chiefly from North
Africa, South America, and Eastern Europe. Spain has no official religion. The
constitution of 1978 disestablished the Roman Catholic Church as the official state
religion, while recognizing the role it plays in Spanish society. According to the
National Institute of Statistics (April 2010), 73.2% of the population are Catholic,
2.3% belong to another religion, 14.6% are agnostic, and 7.6% are atheists.

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Educational System
About 70% of Spain's student population attends public schools or universities.
The remainder attends private schools or universities, the great majority of which
are operated by the Catholic Church. Compulsory education begins with primary
school or general basic education for ages 6-14. It is free in public schools and in
many private schools, most of which receive government subsidies. Following
graduation, students attend either a secondary school offering a general high
school diploma or a school of professional education (corresponding to grades 9-
12 in the United States) offering a vocational training program. The Spanish
university system offers degree and post-graduate programs in all fields--law,
sciences, humanities, and medicine--and the superior technical schools offer
programs in engineering and architecture.

HISTORY OF SPAIN
The Iberian Peninsula has been settled for millennia. Some of Europe's most
impressive Paleolithic cultural sites are located in Spain, including the famous
caves at Altamira that contain spectacular paintings dating from about 15,000 to
25,000 years ago. Beginning in the ninth century BC, Phoenicians, Greeks,
Carthaginians, and Celts entered the Iberian Peninsula. The Romans followed in
the second century BC and laid the groundwork for Spain's present language,
religion, and laws. Although the Visigoths arrived in the fifth century AD, the last
Roman strongholds along the southern coast did not fall until the seventh century
AD. In 711, North African Moors sailed across the straits, swept into Andalusia,
and within a few years, pushed the Visigoths up the peninsula to the Cantabrian
Mountains. The Recon quest--efforts to drive out the Moors--lasted until 1492. By
1512, the unification of present-day Spain was complete.

During the 16th century, Spain became the most powerful nation in Europe, due
to the immense wealth derived from its presence in the Americas. But a series of
long, costly wars and revolts, capped by the English defeat of the "Invincible
Armada" in 1588, began a steady decline of Spanish power in Europe. Controversy
over succession to the throne consumed the country during the 18th century,

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leading to an occupation by France during the Napoleonic era in the early 1800s
and a series of armed conflicts throughout much of the 19th century.

The 19th century saw the revolt and independence of most of Spain's colonies in
the Western Hemisphere; three wars over the succession issue; the brief ousting
of the monarchy and establishment of the First Republic (1873-74); and, finally,
the Spanish-American War (1898), in which Spain lost Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the
Philippines to the United States. A period of dictatorial rule (1923-31) ended with
the establishment of the Second Republic. It was dominated by increasing political
polarization, culminating in the leftist Popular Front electoral victory in 1936.
Pressures from all sides, coupled with growing and unchecked violence, led to the
outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936.

Following the victory of his nationalist forces in 1939, General Francisco Franco
ruled a nation exhausted politically and economically. Spain was officially neutral
during World War II but followed a pro-Axis policy. Therefore, the victorious Allies
isolated Spain at the beginning of the postwar period. The country signed the
Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement with the U.S. on September 26, 1953 and
joined the United Nations in 1955. In 1959, under an International Monetary Fund
(IMF) stabilization plan, the country began liberalizing trade and capital flows,
particularly foreign direct investment.

Despite the success of economic liberalization, Spain remained for years the most
closed economy in Western Europe--judged by the small measure of foreign trade
to economic activity--and the pace of reform slackened during the 1960s as the
state remained committed to "guiding" the economy. Nevertheless, in the 1960s
and 1970s, Spain was transformed into a modern industrial economy with a
thriving tourism sector. Its economic expansion led to improved income
distribution and helped develop a large middle class. Social changes brought
about by economic prosperity and the inflow of new ideas helped set the stage
for Spain's transition to democracy during the latter half of the 1970s.

Upon the death of General Franco in November 1975, Franco's personally-
designated heir Prince Juan Carlos de Bourbon y Borbon assumed the titles of king
and chief of state. Dissatisfied with the slow pace of post-Franco liberalization, he
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replaced Franco's last Prime Minister with Adolfo Suarez in July 1976. Suarez
entered office promising that elections would be held within 1 year, and his
government moved to enact a series of laws to liberalize the new regime. Spain's
first elections since 1936 to the Cortes (Parliament) were held on June 15, 1977.
Prime Minister Suarez's Union of the Democratic Center (UCD), a moderate
center-right coalition, won 34% of the vote and the largest bloc of seats in the
Cortes. Under Suarez, the new Cortes set about drafting a democratic constitution
that was overwhelmingly approved by voters in a national referendum in
December 1978.

SPANISH CULTURE-KEY CONCEPT AND VALUES
Face - Spanish culture places a large emphasis on personal pride. Therefore,
causing loss of face through criticism or embarrassment should be avoided at all
costs. During business meetings, for example, it is essential that your
presentations are comprehensible in order to avoid any embarrassment that may
occur from possible misunderstandings. In addition, when dealing with your
Spanish counterparts you may also find that competence and control are
important elements of their work ethos and crucial for saving face. This may
result in your Spanish colleagues insisting that everything is in order, even if it is
not.

Individualism – In terms of personal attributes, individualism is highly valued in
Spain, along with an emphasis on character and social status. Spanish culture
highlights the importance of self and one’s family. However, influenced by its
collectivist past, family values, a sense of identity and belonging to a group, are
also integral parts of society in Spain. Consequently personal qualities,
appearance, image and personal relationships are extremely significant
components in contemporary Spanish culture. In a business context, personal
attributes and character are frequently valued as much as technical ability,
experience or professional competence. When doing business in Spain, you will
find that individualism is particularly predominant in management, where Spanish
managers are less inclined to favor group decision making and team orientation.

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Uncertainty Avoidance – This is a vital element of Spanish culture that refers to
the cautious approach the Spanish take towards new ideas. In Spain, individuals
tend to avoid ambiguity, but often accept a familiar risk situation. Spain's
attitudes to rules, regulations and structure are important for maintaining a sense
of control in a typically uncertain situation. In business, managers in Spain
generally prefer to have precise answers to questions and give precise
instructions in order to reduce conflict. In addition, you may find that the Spanish
amenable nature to initial business suggestions is often hindered by a considered
and tentative approach to final decisions.

SPANISH CULTURE
Clothing:

 Modern, conservative, stylish
 Girls wear trousers
 Boys are into designer wear
 Denim is “in”
 Short skirts and swim-wear are frowned upon

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Food:

 Cheap, substantial meals as opposed to gourmet
 Tapas
 Serrano Ham
 Fish delicacies (Paella)
 Continental breakfast, light lunch, late evening meal

Conformities:

 Greetings consist of a handshake and a kiss on both cheeks
 Spanish men maintain longer eye contact with females
 Life is slow paced
 Life begins when the sun goes down

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Nightlife:

 Evenings start with el paseo
 Spanish life is lived in the streets
 Street cafes and bars
 Nightclubs are the main attraction for teenagers

Spain Architecture:
The oldest works of architecture in Spain of which remains are left go back to the
megalithic culture, approximately 3000 B.C. Anyhow, they are probably not
exactly what you expect to find here. Lots of Roman monuments are conserved
too, among the most important being the great aqueduct of Segovia and the

Theater of Merida Roman Aqueduct of Segovia

Absolutely stunning is what Moors have left in this country. The Great Mosque of
Cordoba is one of the most visited sights by tourists, the other of course being
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Granada's Alhambra which is perfectly conserved in its original condition. The
Spanish Moors created a style of their own that differs in many aspects from their
traditional architecture which you may find in Africa and introduced several
novelties. This style is called CaliphStyle. The Christians who lived in Muslim
territory were called Mozarabes, and so is called their particular architectonical
style which combines Visigoth construction technics and caliphstyle. After the
country was conquered from the Muslims, Moorish architects who stayed
developed another new style combining their traditional architecture with
Romanesque and Gothic elements, the Mudejar style.

While most of Spain was occupied by the Moors, there existed still Visigoth
kingdoms in the country's north. There you can find important monuments of
Visigoth and Romanesque styles, of the latter in particular along the "Way of Saint
James" (Tip!).

In 12th century Gothic style was introduced in Spain, arriving to its greatest
importance during 13th century when the cathedrals of Burgos,Toledo and Leon
were built. Gothic in Spain combines frequently with Mudejar-elements.

Mosque Mosque Moschee Court of the Myrtles Alhambra

Plateresque style is the Spanish variation of Renaissance style. The word comes
from "Plata", silver, indicating that it is much richer in ornamentation than for
instance Italian Renaissance style. One of the most representative monuments is
the University of Salamanca.

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Monastery of the Escorial University

Baroque in Spain falls together with the countries perhaps most glorious epoch.
Two opposite approaches may be observed: the works of Juan Herrera are
remarkably austere (e.g. Monastery "El Escorial”, close to Madrid) while
Churriguera used extremely rich ornamentation. In Galicia exists another variation
of baroque style, the so-called Barroco Compostelano, with Santiago de
Compostable as its center.

In Modernism Spain played again a highly important role. Most outstanding are
perhaps the works of AntonioGaudi in Barcelona, as his great cathedral "Sagrada
Familiar”. Until today Barcelona in particular has remained a center of modern
and even futuristically architecture.

SPAIN LANGUAGE
Spanish (Española or lengua Española), also known as Castilian (castellan or
lengua castellan), is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that
evolved from several dialects of spoken Latin in central-northern Iberia around
the ninth century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of
Castile (present northern Spain) into central and southern Iberia during the later
Middle Ages.

The transition from medieval to modern Spanish is marked by the devoicing and
shifting of the sibilant consonants of the old language (known in Spanish as the
readjusts de las sibilantes), which began in the fifteenth century. Early in its
history, the Spanish vocabulary was enriched by its contact with Basque and

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Arabic, and the language continues to adopt foreign words from a variety of other
languages, as well as developing new words. Spanish was taken most notably to
the Americas as well as to Africa and Asia Pacific with the expansion of the
Spanish Empire between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries, where it became
the most important language for government and trade.

In 1999 there were, according to Ethnologies, 358 million people speaking Spanish
as a native language and a total of 417 million speakers worldwide. Currently
these figures are up to 400 and 500 million people respectively. Spanish is the
second most natively spoken language in the world, after Mandarin Chinese.
Mexico contains the largest population of Spanish speakers. Spanish is one of the
six official languages of the United Nations, and is used as an official language by
the European Union and Mercosur.

Due to its increasing presence in the demographics and popular culture of the
United States, particularly in the fast-growing states of the Sun Belt, Spanish is the
most popular second language learned by native speakers of American English.
The increasing political stability and economies of many larger Hispanophone
nations, the language's immense geographic extent in Latin America and Europe
for tourism, and the growing popularity of warmer, more affordable, and
culturally vibrant retirement destinations found in the Hispanic world have
contributed significantly to the growth of learning Spanish as a foreign language
across the globe.

Spanish is considered to be the world's third most influential language after
English and French, and is the third most commonly used language on the
Internet after English and Mandarin. Spanish is second most studied language and
second language in international communication, after English, in the world.

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SPAIN FESTIVAL
 Cdiz Cardinal: It’s a typical Spanish festival where people dress up and
parade the streets
 Valencia Fallas: The fallas are a Valencian traditional celebration in praise
of Saint Joseph in Valencia.
 Tomatina: La Tomatina is a food fight festival held at the last Wednesday of
August each year. It is a funny battle where more than one hundred metric
tons of over ripe tomatoes are thrown in the streets.

Tomatina Valencia Fallas

 Saint Fermin: The running of the bull, the biggest day is 7 July, when
thousands of people accompany a replica of the statue of Saint Fermin
along the street in the old part of Pamplona. Saint Fermin is accompanied
by dancer and street entertainer.

Cadiz Carnival Saint Fermin

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SPAIN SPORTS
Sport in Spain in the second half of 20th century has always been dominated by
football. Other popular sport activities include basketball, tennis, cycling,
handball, motorcycling, Formula One, water sports, golf, and skiing. Spain has also
hosted a number of international events such as the 1992 Summer Olympics in
Barcelona and the 1982 FIFA World Cup. With Rafael Nadal's Wimbledon
championships in 2008 and 2010, the 2006 World Basketball Championship, the
2009 Basketball Euro cup, the 2008 Tennis Davis Cup, Atletico Madrid UEFA
Europa League 2010, FC Barcelona European success in 2006, 2009 and 2011, the
football team bringing home the Euro 2008 trophy & the 2010 FIFA World Cup
trophy and Carlos Sastre's Tour de France triumph more recently, several papers
have looked beyond Sastre's win to claim that Spain is enjoying something of a
sporting "Golden Age"-similar to the Spanish 17th century domination in painting
and literature.

 Football: In Spain football is one of the most popular sports. It has got
some very good teams, like Real Madrid and FC Barcelona
 Basketball: Basketball is a popular sport in Spain. The ACB league is one of
the major European basketball leagues.

 Tennis: Spain has produced number of tennis champions, excelling in
tournaments held in clay courts such as Roland Garros tournament. Rafael
Nadal is considered one of the greatest Spanish tennis player of all tennis

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 Cycling: Cycling is also very popular in Spain. Alberto Contador is the double
winner of the Tour of France. He’s also won the Tour of Spain and the Tour
of Italy
 Moto racing: Bike racing is popular among the young. Lorenzo and Deni
Pedrosa are currently racing in the Top GP category.

 Rugby Union: There are currently over 20,000 registered rugby union
players in Spain, and the game dates back over a century. Actor Javier
Bardem is a notable former Spanish rugby player.
 Handball: The Spanish Liga ASOBAL is one of the best club competitions. A
number of Spanish teams such as BM Ciudad Real, FC Barcelona Handball,
and Portland San Antonio have won or were finalists in the EHF Champions
League. Since the 1990s the men's national team has won eight medals in
top class international tournaments, with three bronze medals at
the Olympics, three second and a third place at the European
Championship and a World Championship.
 Basque and Valencian pelota: Basque pelota and Valencian pilota are
traditional Spanish sports. Tournaments includes trinquete, Trofeu
Individual Bancaixa, Circuit Bancaixa, raspall singles championship,
andraspall team championship.
 Skiing: Skiing is a popular sport. In the past, the sport was under
development for economic reasons. However the improvement of the
economy of Spain, helped skiing become an active sport event. It has
become popular, and the skiing sites have been modernized in recent
years. In Spain is the southernmost ski resort of Europe, Sierra Nevada.
Skiing is one of the favorite sports of the Spanish Royal Family.
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INDIA-SPAIN RELATION
 Political relations

Relations between India and Spain are cordial, particularly since the
establishment of democracy in Spain in 1978. Diplomatic relations between the
two countries were established in 1956 with the opening of the Spanish Embassy
in New Delhi followed in 1958 by the concurrent accreditation of Indian High
Commissioner in London as Ambassador to Spain. A Mission headed by a Charge
d’Affaires opened in Madrid the same year. The first resident Ambassador was
appointed in 1965.

Other recent visits from India included those by Shri P. Chidambaram, Finance
Minister (May 2008); Dr. Anbumani Ramadoss, Minister of Health and Family
Welfare (May 2008); Shri Murli Deora, Minister for Petroleum & Natural Gas
(June-July 2008); Smt. Ambika Soni, Minister of Tourism & Culture (Oct 2008);
Prof. K.V. Thomas, MOS for Agriculture, Food & Public Distribution (Sept 2009);
Dr. Shashi Tharoor, MOS, External Affairs (Jan 2010); Ms. . Kumari Selja, Minister
of Tourism & HUPA (Jan 2010); Dr. Farooq Abdullah, Minister for New and
Renewable Energy (May 2010); Shri Anand Sharma, Minister for Commerce and
Industry (June 2010); Shri Sachin Pilot, Minister of State for Communications and
Information Technology (February 2011); Shri. Sam Pitroda, Adviser to the Prime
Minister on Public Information Infrastructure and Innovation (May 2011) and Dr C
P Joshi, Minister for Road Transport and Highways (May 2011). Such visits from
the Spanish side were by Ms. Esperanza Aguirre, President of the Community of
Madrid (Nov 2008), Mr. Miguel Sebastian, Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism
(Dec 2008) and Ms. Maria Teresa Fernandez de la Vega, Deputy Prime Minister
(Jan 2009).

Bilateral Agreements and Treaties

India has signed the following treaties/agreements/MoUs with Spain:

• Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation (1972)

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• Agreement on Cultural Cooperation (1982). The CEP for the period 2005-08 was
signed in March 2005,

• Civil Aviation Agreement (1986).

• Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (1993).

• Bilateral Investment Protection and Promotion Agreement (1997).

• Extradition Treaty (2002)

• MoU on Institutionalization of Political Dialogue (2006)

• Mutual Legal Assistance treaty on Criminal Matters (2006).

• MoU between Technology Development Board (TDB) and the Centre for
Development of Industrial Technology (2006).

• MoU of cooperation in the field of S&T (2007)

• MoU on Cooperation in Agriculture and Allied Fields (April 2009)

• MoU on Tourism Cooperation (April 2009)

• MoU on Renewable Energy (April 2009)

 Cultural relations

A Cultural Agreement between India and Spain was signed in 1982. There has
been considerable amount of cultural activity between the two countries. At the
initiative of the Embassy of India in Madrid, Casa de la India, Casa Asia and the
Ministries of Foreign Affairs of both countries, a Civil Society Dialogue in the form
of an India–Spain Tribune was instituted in 2005. Five sessions of the Tribune
have been held so far alternately in Spain and in India. The 5th Session was held in
Madrid in October, 2010. A Mini Festival of Indian classical music was held in
June, 2010.

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 Indian Community

The total Indian community in Spain is estimated to be roughly 30,000. Several
Indian businessmen and traders migrated to Canary Islands after World War II,
when the Islands were declared free port following the imposition of import and
foreign exchange restrictions in Spain. The rough estimate of such PIOs is about
15,000 and approximately an equal number of Indian nationals reside here.

 Commercial relations

Bilateral trade between India and Spain has increased significantly in the last few
years. It grew to more than five times from US $900 million in 2000 to US$ 4.59
billion in 2008. The trade statistics for the last few years are given below:

Though some major Spanish companies - Roca, Duro Fulguera, Cipsa, Isolux,
Acciona, Simon, Banco Popular have entered in India, it is felt that Spanish
investment in India (around USD 820 million so far) is not commensurate with the
potential that exists in sectors such as tourism, infrastructure, food processing,
energy, both renewable and non-renewable, and the automobile industries.
Indian investment in Spain has been growing and presently stands at € 692
million.
Several Indian Companies including Telco, TCS, Ranbaxy and Infosys have a
presence in Spain. The 9th Session of the Joint Economic Commission (JEC) was
held in Madrid in June, 2010 at the Ministerial level.

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Music and Dance
Spanish music is often considered abroad to be synonymous with flamenco, a
West Andalusia musical genre, which, contrary to popular belief, is not
widespread outside that region. Various regional styles of folk music abound in
Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Castile, the Basque Country, Galicia and Asturias.
Pop, rock, hip hop and heavy metal are also popular.

In the field of classical music, Spain has produced a number of
noted composers such as Isaac Albeniz, Manuel de Falla and Enrique
Granados and singers and performers such as Plácido Domingo, José
Carreras, Montserrat Caballé, Alicia de Larrocha, Alfredo Kraus, Pablo
Casals, Ricard Viñes, José Iturbi, Pablo de Sarasate, Jordi Savall and Teresa
Berganza. In Spain there are over forty professional orchestras, including
the Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona, Orquesta National de España and
the Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid. Major opera houses include the Teatro Real,
the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Teatro Arriaga and the El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía.
Thousands of music fans also travel to Spain each year for internationally
recognized summer music festivals Sonar which often features the top up and
coming pop and techno acts, and Benicàssim which tends to feature alternative
rock and dance acts. Both festivals mark Spain as an international music presence
and reflect the tastes of young people in the country.
The most popular traditional musical instrument is the guitar, which originated in
Spain. Also typical of the northern bands of bagpipers (gaiteros), mainly in Galicia
and the Principality of Asturias.

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References:
 www.google.com
 http://www.idealspain.com
 http://spanishunlimited.com
 http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/39249000/jpg/_39249664_bullfight
ap203.jpg
 http://www.all-creatures.org/anex/cattle-bf-21.jpg
 http://www.world-guides.com/images/ibiza/ibiza_nightclubs3.jpg
 http://www.nerjarentals.info/nerja/img/nerja-nightlife.jpg
 http://www.travelinstyle.com/spain/Copy%20of%20spain2/EspanaImageSm
l/Flamenco.jpg

Page 22

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