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VLE Session #2: RELATING!
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• Theme: Reenergizing and rejuvenating personal
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Tawara D. Goode
Assistant Professor and Director
Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
Center for Child and Human Development
Georgetown University Medical Center
November 4, 2015
Cultural and Linguistic Competence:
Essential Approaches to Support Service Members
and their Families
8
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
OBJECTIVES
Participants will:
1. Define culture and its multiple manifestations.
2. Describe culturally defined belief systems that impact health,
behavioral health, and disability.
3. List four rationales for cultural competence in health and
human services.
4. Describe a conceptual framework for a cultural competence
model and its relevance for their roles/responsibilities.
5. Define linguistic competence with an emphasis on the role of
health literacy in the provision of care, services, and
supports.
9
Multiple Dimensions of
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
10
A 24 year old active duty service member
sustained an injury which has significantly
his/her limited mobility and capacity to
perform day to day activities. The medical
team recommended surgery to minimize
continued debilitation. During an
appointment with the medical team’s social
worker, the service member revealed that
his/her family had encouraged delay of the
surgery because “God heals all things in
time.” The service member indicated feelings
of conflict given how supportive his/her
family has been and his/her fear of surgical
procedures.
CASE STUDY 1
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
11
After a series of events, both at home and
on the installation, a 38 year old service
member with 15 years of service, was
ordered to seek mental health treatment.
The service member had returned after
being deployed for 18-months. The service
member was very reluctant to seek care
indicating to his wife that, “Men in my unit
have gone through worse things than me.
We hold strong. I can get through this
without help.”
CASE STUDY 2
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
12
How do you
define culture
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
13
Culture is the learned and shared knowledge that specific groups use to
generate their behavior and interpret their experience of the world. It
includes but is not limited to:
thought
languages
values
beliefs
customs
practicescourtesies
rituals
communication
roles
relationships
expected
behaviors
Culture applies to racial, ethnic, religious, political, professional, and
other social groups. It is transmitted through social and institutional
traditions and norms to succeeding generations. Culture is a paradox,
while many aspects remain the same, it is also dynamic, constantly changing.
manners of
interacting
Data Source: Gilbert, J. Goode, T., & Dunne, C., 2007.
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence14
CULTURE IS …
Comprised of beliefs about reality, how
people should interact with each other, what
they know about the world, and how they
should respond to the social and material
environments in which they find themselves.
Reflected in religion, morals, customs, politics,
technologies, and survival strategies of a given
group. It affects how groups work, parent,
love, marry, and understand health, mental
health, wellness, illness, disability, and end of
life.
Data Source: Gilbert, J., Goode, T. D., & Dunne, C. (2007). Cultural awareness. From
the Curricula Enhancement Module Series. Washington, DC: National Center for Cultural
Competence, Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development.
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 15
Culture
Culture is akin to being the person
observed through a one-way mirror;
everything we see is from our own
perspective.
It is only when we join the observed
on the other side that it is possible to see ourselves and
others clearly – but getting to the other side of the glass
presents many challenges.
(Lynch & Hanson 1992 Developing Cross Cultural Competence)
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence16
Culture …
is applicable to all peoples
is value laden & rooted in belief systems
is active & dynamic
is multilayered & multidimensional
exists at conscious & unconscious levels
is often viewed as thick, thin, or compartmentalized
provides group member identity
structures perceptions & shapes behaviors
varies in expression both among and between
individual group members
permeates every aspect of life
Goode, T. & Jones, W. Cultural Influences on Child Development: The Middle Years. In T. Gullotta T. & G. Blau (Eds.)
Family Influences on Childhood Behavior and Development: Evidence-based Approaches to Prevention and
Treatment Approaches. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 17
An Iceberg
Concept
of Culture
dress  age
gender  language 
 race or ethnicity
 eye behavior 
 facial expressions 
body language  sense of self 
 concept of justice  value individual vs. group 
 notions of modesty  concept of cleanliness
 emotional response patterns 
rules for social interaction 
child rearing practices 
 decision-making processes 
 approaches to problem solving 
 perceptions of & beliefs about of mental health, health, illness, disability 
 patterns of superior and subordinate roles in relation to status by age, gender,
class  sexual orientation  gender identity & expression
and much more…
Adapted by the NCCC
 physical characteristics 
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 18
Intersectionality
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 19
Data Sources:
Hays, Pamela. (2001). Addressing cultural complexities in practice. A framework for clinicians and counselors. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Hays, Pamela. Addressing the complexities of culture and gender in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development. 74.4 (Mar./Apr. 1996). 332
THE HAYS
ADDRESSING
Model
Addressing cultural
complexities in practice:
A framework for clinicians and
counselors
&
Addressing the complexities of
culture and gender in
counseling
20
The extant literature indicates that we as human beings have
multiple cultural identities that can be grouped as follows.
 Categorization – people identify with one
of their cultural groups over others
 Compartmentalization – individuals maintain multiple,
separate identities within themselves
 Integration – people link their multiple cultural identities
MULTIPLE CULTURAL IDENTITIES
Multiple
IdentitiesCultural
Sources:
Seth J.J. Schwartz, Koen Luyckx , and Vivian L.K. Vignoles (Eds.) Handbook of Identity Theory and Research. Springer. 2001.
Verónica Benet-Martínez and Ying-yi Hong (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Multicultural Identity. Oxford University Press. 2014.
Chao, G.T., & Moon, H. The Cultural Mosaic: A Metatheory for Understanding the Complexity of Culture. Journal of Applied Psychology 2005, Vol. 90, No. 6,
1128–1140
Yampolsky MA, Amiot CE, & de la Sablonnière, R. (2013). Multicultural identity integration and well-being: a qualitative exploration of variations in narrative
coherence and multicultural identification. Front. Psychol. 4:126.doi: 10.3389/fpsyg. 2013.00126
21
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
Organizational culture is a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned
as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has
worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be taught to new
members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems.
Schein, E. (1985) .Organizational Culture and Leadership. Jossey Bass: San Francisco.
Slide Source: Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence, 2015. 22
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
Slide Source: Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence, 2015.
Consider culture
within the contexts of
each of the five U.S.
armed service
branches.
 identities
 values & beliefs
 traditions
 language
 dress
23
Health Care
System
Behavioral
Health Care
System
Disability
Evaluation
Center
School
System
Child Care
System
Legal System
Military &
Family Support
Center
Military Base
Location
Family
Service
Member
Socio-Political
Environment
Convergence
of Cultural
Contexts:
A Focus on the U.S.
Military Community
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 24
Thoughts About Culture:
Key Considerations & Lessons Learned
Understanding another culture is a continuous not a
discreet process.
It requires experience as well as study to
understand the many subtleties of another culture.
Stereotyping is probably inevitable in absence of
frequent contact with and study of other cultures.
Goode, T. & Jones, W. Cultural Influences on Child Development: The Middle Years. In T. Gullotta . & G. Blau (Eds.) Family Influences on Childhood Behavior and
Development: Evidence-based Approaches to Prevention and Treatment Approaches. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 25
Thoughts About Culture:
Key Considerations & Lessons Learned
What seems logical, sensible, important, and
reasonable in one culture may seem illogical,
irrational, and unimportant to someone outside of
that culture.
When people talk about cultures other than their
own, they tend to describe the differences rather
than the similarities.
Goode, T. & Jones, W. Cultural Influences on Child Development: The Middle Years. In T. Gullotta T. & G. Blau (Eds.)
Family Influences on Childhood Behavior and Development: Evidence-based Approaches to Prevention and
Treatment Approaches. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 26
Thoughts About Culture:
Key Considerations & Lessons Learned
Differences between cultures are often seen as
threatening and often described in negative
terms.
It is probably necessary to know the language of
another culture to understand that culture in
depth.
Goode, T. & Jones, W. Cultural Influences on Child Development: The Middle Years. In T. Gullotta T. & G. Blau (Eds.)
Family Influences on Childhood Behavior and Development: Evidence-based Approaches to Prevention and
Treatment Approaches. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 27
CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE:
Essential Approaches to Support Service Members and their Families
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
28
Cultural Diversity
and
Differing World Views
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
29
Cultural Diversity
Goode & Jackson, 2009
The term cultural diversity is used to
describe differences in ethnic or racial
classification & self-identification, tribal or
clan affiliation, nationality, language, age,
gender, sexual orientation, gender identity
or expression, socioeconomic status,
education, religion, spirituality, physical and
intellectual abilities, personal appearance,
and other factors that distinguish one group
or individual from another.
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 30
Cultural Factors That Influence Diversity
Among Individuals and Groups
Adapted with permission from James
Mason, Ph.D., NCCC Senior Consultant
Cultural/Racial/Ethnic Identity
Tribal Affiliation/Clan
Nationality
Acculturation/Assimilation
Socioeconomic Status/Class
Education
Language
Literacy
Family Constellation
Social History
Military Status
Perception of Time
Health Beliefs & Practices
Internal Factors
Health & Mental Health Literacy
Beliefs about Disability or Mental
Health
Lived Experience of Disability or
Mental Illness
Age & Life Cycle Issues
Gender, Gender Identity &
Expression
Sexual Orientation
Religion & Spiritual Views
Spatial & Regional Patterns
Political Orientation/Affiliation
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence31
Cultural Factors That Influence Diversity
Among Individuals and Groups
Institutional Biases
Racism & Discrimination
Community Economics
Intergroup Relations
Group & Community Resiliency
External Factors
Natural Networks of Support
Community History
Political Climate
Workforce Diversity
Community Demographics
Adapted with permission from James
Mason, Ph.D., NCCC Senior Consultant
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence32
Reliance on traditional remedies and healers
Culture bound syndromes
Delaying access to care
Historical mistrust of health care, mental health,
education, and social service professionals
Experiences of racism, discrimination, and bias
Cultural and linguistic barriers
Stigma
Cultural Influences on Beliefs and Practices Related to Health, Mental
Health, and Social Services & Related Providers of Care/Services
T.D. Goode
Slide Source:© 2014 - National Center for Cultural Competence 33
Let’s revisit our
case studies
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
34
A 24 year old active duty service member
sustained an injury which has significantly
his/her limited mobility and capacity to
perform day to day activities. The medical
team recommended surgery to minimize
continued debilitation. During an
appointment with the medical team’s social
worker, the service member revealed that
his/her family had encouraged delay of the
surgery because “God heals all things in
time.” The service member indicated feelings
of conflict given how supportive his/her
family has been and his/her fear of surgical
procedures.
CASE STUDY 1
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
35
POLLING QUESTION FOR CASE STUDY 1
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
Which of the following cultural factors
are present in this case study? Select one
answer.
1. Religion
2. Age
3. Health beliefs and practices
4. Family composition & dynamics
5. All of the above
36
After a series of events, both at home and
on the installation, a 38 year old service
member with 15 years of service, was
ordered to seek mental health treatment.
The service member had returned after
being deployed for 18-months. The service
member was very reluctant to seek care
indicating to his wife that, “Men in my unit
have gone through worse things than me.
We hold strong. I can get through this
without help.”
CASE STUDY 2
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
37
POLLING QUESTION FOR CASE STUDY 2
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
Which of the following cultural factors are
present in this case study? Select one
answer.
A. Cultural identify
B. Military status
C. Health literacy
D. Mental health beliefs and practices
E. A-D
F. A, B, & D
38
Let’s take a closer look
at our cultural diversity
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
39
What are
demographic
trends for the
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
USA
Most recently available data from sources cited.
40
The facts, nothing
but the facts …
A NEW DEMOGRAPHIC REALITY
A series of projections from the U.S.
Census Bureau estimates:
 In the year 2045 the nation will
become “majority-minority” (all
people except those that are non-
Hispanic, single-race white)
 The population under 18 years of age
will reach this status by 2018 or 2019
 The working age population is
projected to become majority-
minority between 2036 and 2042
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 10/11/15 from
http://www.census.gov/newsroom.html
41
ACS 2014 United States Demographic Estimates
One Race or Latino or Hispanic and Race
Data Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 American Community Survey (ACS),
Demographic & Housing Estimates, Table DP05 Slide Source:© 2015 -
National Center for Cultural Competence
RACE NUMBER Percent of
POPULATION
One Race 309,251,285 97.0%
White 233,963,285 73.4%
Black or African American 40,379,066 12.7%
American Indian or Alaska Native 2,521,131 0.8%
Asian 16,012,120 5.2%
Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander 557,154 0.2%
Some Other Race 15,063,263 4.7%
Two or More Races 9,605,771 3.0%
HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE
Hispanic or Latino of any Race 55,279,452 17.3%
Total Population = 318,857,056
42
White and Black or African American
White and American Indian and Alaska Native
White and Asian
White and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
White and Some Other Race
Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native
Black or African American and Asian
Black or African American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
Black or African American and Some Other Race
American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian
American Indian and Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
American Indian and Alaska Native and Some Other Race
Asian and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
Asian and Some Other Race
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander and Some Other Race
Three or more races
Population Self-Identified by Race & Ethnicity
Categorical Listings
Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Fact Finder,
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
43
Languages Spoken at Home in the U.S. in 2014
English only 78.0%
Other than English languages 21.1%
Speak Spanish or Spanish Creole 39,254,342 (13.1%)
Speak Indo European languages 10,808,453 (3.6%)
[French (Patois, Cajun), French Creole, Italian, Portuguese, Portuguese Creole, German, Yiddish, Other West Germanic
languages, Scandinavian languages, Greek, Russian, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Other Slavic languages, Armenian, Persian,
Gujarathi, Hindi, Urdu, Other Indic languages]
Speak Asian and Pacific Island languages 10,134,871 (3.4%)
[Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Mon-Kymer, Cambodian, Miao, Hmong, Thai, Laotian, Vietnamese, Tagalog, other Pacific
Island language]
Other Languages 2,980,821 (1.0%)
[Navajo, Other Native American languages, Hungarian, Arabic, Hebrew, African languages, other unspecified languages]
Total Population 5 years and over 299,084,046
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University
National Center for Cultural Competence
Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Fact Finder, 2014 American
Community Survey-1 Year Estimates, Table S1601
44
Limited English Speaking Households formerly (linguistic isolation)
refers to households in which no member 14 years old and over:
(1) speaks only English or (2) speaks a non-English language and
speaks English “very well.”
Limited English Speaking Households
All households 4.5%%
Households speaking--
 Spanish 23.1%
 Other Indo-European languages 15.60%
 Asian and Pacific Island languages 26.5%
 Other languages 17.8%
Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder,
2014 American Community Survey- 1 Year Estimates, Table S1602
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University
National Center for Cultural Competence
Limited English Speaking Households in the Unites States in 2014
45
What do these
demographic
trends look like
for the U.S.
Military Community?
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
USA
46
47
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
A word about the implications of culture and biases
48
 A bias is a preference for one
thing, person or group over
another.
 We all have biases.
 Bias becomes a concern when it
becomes a prejudice against
certain people or groups in ways
that are unfair and lead to
discrimination.
DEFINING BIAS
Bias in a
natural human
reaction .
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 49
DEFINING IMPLICIT OR UNCONSCIOUS BIAS
Bias in a
natural
human
reaction .
Implicit or unconscious bias operates outside of
the person’s awareness and can be in direct
contradiction to a person’s espoused beliefs and
values. What is so dangerous about implicit bias is
that it automatically seeps into a person’s affect or
behavior and is outside of the full awareness of
that person. Implicit bias can interfere with:
 clinical assessment
 decision-making
 communicating with others
 relationships between:
- coworkers
- practitioners/staff and their patients and
clients
Source: Conscious and Unconscious Bias in Health Care: A Focus on Lupus. CME/CE developed by the National
Center for Cultural Competence for American College of Rheumatology.
http://thelupusinitiative.org/cmece/
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 50
 Age
 Disability
 Education
 English language
proficiency and fluency
(including the capacity to
speak Standard English for
native-born English
speakers)
 Ethnicity
 Health status
 Disease/diagnosis
(HIV/AIDS)
 Insurance
 Obesity
 Race
 Socioeconomic status (SES)
 Sexual orientation, gender
identity, or expression
 Skin tone
 Substance use (injection
drug user)
 Social contact (amount of
contact that practitioners
have with patient
populations)
ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN OF THE LITERATURE
Identified Areas of Bias
Source: Conscious and Unconscious Biases in Health Care: A focus on lupus. Created
by the NCCC for ACR Lupus Initiative. Retrieved on 4/19/15 from
http://thelupusinitiative.org/cmece Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 51
CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE:
Essential Approaches to Support Service Members and their Families
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 52
DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORKS
Cultural Competence
Linguistic Competence
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
53
A service member’s daughter has a
developmental disability with complex
health issues. On a recent visit, the service
member and spouse did not understand all
of the terminology used by the health care
team. The spouse complains that, “those
doctors always talk over our heads.” The
service member compensates by agreeing
to read more when they get home. The
service member is embarrassed about this
issue and does not want the team to think
they are not capable parents.
CASE STUDY 3
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
54
Are we on the same page?
culturally aware
cultural
sensitivity
culturally appropriate
culturally
effective
culturally
relevantculturally
competent
cultural
humility
culturally & linguistically competent
linguistically
competent
cultural
proficiency
multicultural competence
T.D. Goode
culturally relevant cultural responsiveness
linguistically
appropriate
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
55
Cultural competence
requires that organizations
have a clearly defined,
congruent set of values
and principles, and
demonstrate behaviors,
attitudes, policies,
structures, and practices
that enable them to work
effectively cross-culturally.
(adapted from Cross, Bazron, Dennis & Isaacs,
1989.
Policies
Structures
PracticesBehaviors
Attitudes
Cultural
Competence
Cultural Competence Conceptual Framework
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
Five Elements of Cultural Competence
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
acknowledge cultural differences
understand your own culture
engage in self-assessment
acquire cultural knowledge & skills
view behavior within a
cultural context
1
2
3
4
5
(Cross, Bazron, Dennis and Isaacs, 1989)Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
57
1
• value diversity
2
• conduct self-assessment
3
• manage the dynamics of difference
4
• institutionalize/embed cultural knowledge
5
• adapt to diversity (values, polices, structures & services)
Five Elements of Cultural Competence
ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL
(Cross, Bazron, Dennis and Isaacs, 1989)
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
58
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN A
CULTURALLY COMPETENT SYSTEM
Slide Source:© 2011 - National Center for Cultural Competence
policy making
administration
practice & service delivery
patient & family
community
These five elements must be manifested at every level of an
organization or system including:
and reflected in its attitudes, structures, policies, practices, and services.
Adapted from Cross, Bazron, Dennis, & Isaacs, 1989
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
59
Cultural
Destructiveness
Cultural
Incapacity
Cultural
Blindness
Cultural
Pre-Competence
Cultural
Competence
Cultural
Proficiency
Cultural Competence Continuum
(Cross, Bazron, Dennis and Isaacs, 1989)
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
is the capacity of an organization and its personnel to
communicate effectively, and convey information in a
manner that is easily understood by diverse groups
including persons of limited English proficiency, those
who are not literate or have low literacy skills,
individuals with disabilities, or those who are deaf or
hard of hearing
requires organizational and provider capacity to
respond effectively to the health literacy and mental
health literacy needs of populations served
ensures policy, structures, practices, procedures
and dedicated resources to support this capacity
Linguistic Competence
Goode & Jones, Revised 2009, National Center for Cultural Competence
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
61
Health Literacy is ……
the ability to read, understand, and act on
health information.
Source: Center for Health Care Strategies, Inc.
http://www.chcs.org/publications3960/publications_show.htm?doc_id+291711
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
defined as the degree to which individuals
have the capacity to obtain, process and
understand basic health information
needed to make appropriate health
decisions and services needed to prevent
or treat illness.
Source: Institute of Medicine. Retrieved from
http://www.hrsa.gov/publichealth/healthliteracy/healthlitabout.html
62
Functional Health Literacy is…
the ability to read, and
comprehend prescription
bottles, appointment
slips, and other essential
health-related materials
required to successfully
function as a patient.
Data Source: American Medical Association Council of Scientific Affairs
http://www.chcs.org/publications3960/publications_show.htm?doc_id+291711
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
63
Health Literacy is ……
the capacity of professionals and
health institutions to provide
access to information and support
the active engagement of people.
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
Rudd, R. Health Literacy: Time to Refocus &Expand. Retrieved on 10/26/15 from
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/healthliteracy/slide-presentation-by-rima-rudd/
64
EVIDENCE-BASED TOOLS TO ADDRESS HEALTH LITERACY
Slide Source:© 2014 - National Center for Cultural Competence
Source: http://www.teachbacktraining.org/
Plain Language at NIH
Source: http://www.nih.gov/clearcommunication/plainlanguage/index.htm
Source: Askme3.org
Let’s revisit our
case study
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
66
A service member’s daughter has a
developmental disability with complex
health issues. On a recent visit, the service
member and spouse did not understand all
of the terminology used by the health care
team. The spouse complains that, “those
doctors always talk over our heads.” The
service member compensates by agreeing
to read more when they get home. The
service member is embarrassed about this
issue and does not want the team to think
they are not capable parents.
CASE STUDY 3
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
67
POLLING QUESTION FOR CASE 2
Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
What culturally and linguistically competent
practices would you recommend to this
health team? Select one answer.
A. Acquire cultural knowledge and skills
B. Engage in self-assessment
C. Address health literacy
D. All of the above
68
69
 You are a cultural being and have multiple cultural
identities, one of which may be your professional
discipline or position in the military or other
governmental or non-governmental entity.
 You view and interpret the world through your own
cultural lens which is comprised of both individual and
group experiences over time.
 Your cultural frame of reference may or may not be
shared by the individuals to whom you provide care,
services, and supports.
Cultural and Linguistic Competence
Adapted from: Goode, T., Jones, W., & Christopher, J. Responding to cultural and linguistic differences among people with intellectual
disability. In Percy, M., Wehmeyer, M. L., Shogren, K. A., & Fung, A. (Eds.). A comprehensive guide to intellectual and developmental
disabilities (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing. In press.
70
Cultural and Linguistic Competence
Adapted from: Goode, T., Jones, W., & Christopher, J. Responding to cultural and linguistic differences among people with intellectual
disability. In Percy, M., Wehmeyer, M. L., Shogren, K. A., & Fung, A. (Eds.). A comprehensive guide to intellectual and developmental
disabilities (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing. In press.
 Your world view or cultural frame of reference influences
your approach to delivering services, supports, or other
responsibilities associated with your position/role.
 Your world view is influenced by the “culture” of the
organization, program, or agency in which you are
employed.
 You, as well as all people, have biases that manifest at both
conscious and unconscious levels. Since one’s cultural frame
of reference contributes to biases, it is necessary to identify,
acknowledge, and address such biases if they interfere with
your capacity to perform day-to-day responsibilities in a
competent and respectful manner.
71
Cultural and Linguistic Competence
Adapted from: Goode, T., Jones, W., & Christopher, J. Responding to cultural and linguistic differences among people with intellectual
disability. In Percy, M., Wehmeyer, M. L., Shogren, K. A., & Fung, A. (Eds.). A comprehensive guide to intellectual and developmental
disabilities (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing. In press.
Your willingness and capacity to address cultural
differences are essential to:
(a) supporting service members and their families
from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural
groups; and
(a) the working relationships with colleagues and
others involved in the array of systems that
provide services and supports to the military
community.
As a culturally competent _________
I am capable of interacting positively with
people who do NOT
look like,
talk like,
think like,
believe like,
act like,
live like...
ME!!!Source: Multnomah County Department of Health.
move like,
Modification from Mike Magy, Massachusetts Department of Mental
Health, November 2005 .
love like...
Slide Source:© 2015
Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence72
CONTACT US
National Center for Cultural Competence
http://nccc.georgetown.edu
cultural@georgetown.edu
The content of and this PowerPoint presentation are copyrighted and are protected by Georgetown
University's copyright policies.
Permission is granted to use this PowerPoint presentation in its entirety and/or individual slides for non-
commercial purposes if:
 the material is not to be altered and
• proper credit is given to the author(s) and to the National Center for Cultural Competence.
Permission is required if the material is to be:
• modified in any way
• used in broad distribution.
To request permission and for more information, contact cultural@georgetown.edu.
73
Reflect! Keep Calm & Carry On
(Mindfulness Audiocast Exercise)
Discover and observe your reactions to life’s stressors and
choose how to respond. Learn to balance work and life
with this three-part mindfulness audiocast series.
Audiocast #2: Stepping Back from Your Thoughts
Link to Download: http://blogs.extension.org/militaryfamilies/military-
caregiving/audiocasts-and-podcasts/
Evaluation & Continuing
Education Credits/Certificates
The MFLNMC Concentration Area offers 1.5 credit hour(s)
from the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) /
certificates of completion for today’s webinar.
To receive CE credits or certificate of completion, please
complete the evaluation and post-test found at:
https://vte.co1.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_cRWEjqwLMf0SCZn
*Must pass post-test with an 80% or higher to receive CE
credit.
Session #3: Recharging! Combating Compassion Fatigue
Time: 11:00 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. EDT
Date: Wednesday, November 4, 2015
Location: https://learn.extension.org/events/2188
For more information on MFLN Military Caregiving go to:
https://blogs.extension.org/militaryfamilies/military-caregiving/
https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Military-Families-Learning-Network-8409844
Find all upcoming & recorded VLEs
& webinars covering:
Personal Finance Family Transitions
Military Caregiving Network Literacy
Family Development Nutrition & Wellness
Community Capacity Building
www.extension.org/62581
This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Family
Readiness Policy, U.S. Department of Defense under Award Numbers 2012-48755-20306 and 2014-48770-22587.

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2015 MFLNMC VLE Session #1: Relating! Caring and Culture

  • 1. https://learn.extension.org/events/2189 This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Family Readiness Policy, U.S. Department of Defense under Award Numbers 2012-48755-20306 and 2014-48770-22587. VLE Session #2: RELATING! Caring and Culture
  • 2. Research and evidence-based professional development through engaged online communities. www.eXtension.org/militaryfamilies Sign up for webinar email notifications at: www.eXtension.org/62831
  • 4.
  • 5. 2015 Military Caregiving VLE “Reimaging your skills as a Helping Professional: Working with Military Family Caregivers” • Theme: Reenergizing and rejuvenating personal and professional growth with colleagues in caring disciplines. • Three-Part Session with topics surrounding building trust and credibility, cultural competency, and compassion fatigue.
  • 7. Who’s Joining Us Today? *Type your response in chat pod. • Civilian • Military Branch & Program • Community-based • University/Extension
  • 8. Tawara D. Goode Assistant Professor and Director Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence Center for Child and Human Development Georgetown University Medical Center November 4, 2015 Cultural and Linguistic Competence: Essential Approaches to Support Service Members and their Families 8
  • 9. Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence OBJECTIVES Participants will: 1. Define culture and its multiple manifestations. 2. Describe culturally defined belief systems that impact health, behavioral health, and disability. 3. List four rationales for cultural competence in health and human services. 4. Describe a conceptual framework for a cultural competence model and its relevance for their roles/responsibilities. 5. Define linguistic competence with an emphasis on the role of health literacy in the provision of care, services, and supports. 9
  • 10. Multiple Dimensions of Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 10
  • 11. A 24 year old active duty service member sustained an injury which has significantly his/her limited mobility and capacity to perform day to day activities. The medical team recommended surgery to minimize continued debilitation. During an appointment with the medical team’s social worker, the service member revealed that his/her family had encouraged delay of the surgery because “God heals all things in time.” The service member indicated feelings of conflict given how supportive his/her family has been and his/her fear of surgical procedures. CASE STUDY 1 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 11
  • 12. After a series of events, both at home and on the installation, a 38 year old service member with 15 years of service, was ordered to seek mental health treatment. The service member had returned after being deployed for 18-months. The service member was very reluctant to seek care indicating to his wife that, “Men in my unit have gone through worse things than me. We hold strong. I can get through this without help.” CASE STUDY 2 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 12
  • 13. How do you define culture Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 13
  • 14. Culture is the learned and shared knowledge that specific groups use to generate their behavior and interpret their experience of the world. It includes but is not limited to: thought languages values beliefs customs practicescourtesies rituals communication roles relationships expected behaviors Culture applies to racial, ethnic, religious, political, professional, and other social groups. It is transmitted through social and institutional traditions and norms to succeeding generations. Culture is a paradox, while many aspects remain the same, it is also dynamic, constantly changing. manners of interacting Data Source: Gilbert, J. Goode, T., & Dunne, C., 2007. Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence14
  • 15. CULTURE IS … Comprised of beliefs about reality, how people should interact with each other, what they know about the world, and how they should respond to the social and material environments in which they find themselves. Reflected in religion, morals, customs, politics, technologies, and survival strategies of a given group. It affects how groups work, parent, love, marry, and understand health, mental health, wellness, illness, disability, and end of life. Data Source: Gilbert, J., Goode, T. D., & Dunne, C. (2007). Cultural awareness. From the Curricula Enhancement Module Series. Washington, DC: National Center for Cultural Competence, Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development. Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 15
  • 16. Culture Culture is akin to being the person observed through a one-way mirror; everything we see is from our own perspective. It is only when we join the observed on the other side that it is possible to see ourselves and others clearly – but getting to the other side of the glass presents many challenges. (Lynch & Hanson 1992 Developing Cross Cultural Competence) Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence16
  • 17. Culture … is applicable to all peoples is value laden & rooted in belief systems is active & dynamic is multilayered & multidimensional exists at conscious & unconscious levels is often viewed as thick, thin, or compartmentalized provides group member identity structures perceptions & shapes behaviors varies in expression both among and between individual group members permeates every aspect of life Goode, T. & Jones, W. Cultural Influences on Child Development: The Middle Years. In T. Gullotta T. & G. Blau (Eds.) Family Influences on Childhood Behavior and Development: Evidence-based Approaches to Prevention and Treatment Approaches. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008. Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 17
  • 18. An Iceberg Concept of Culture dress  age gender  language   race or ethnicity  eye behavior   facial expressions  body language  sense of self   concept of justice  value individual vs. group   notions of modesty  concept of cleanliness  emotional response patterns  rules for social interaction  child rearing practices   decision-making processes   approaches to problem solving   perceptions of & beliefs about of mental health, health, illness, disability   patterns of superior and subordinate roles in relation to status by age, gender, class  sexual orientation  gender identity & expression and much more… Adapted by the NCCC  physical characteristics  Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 18
  • 19. Intersectionality Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 19
  • 20. Data Sources: Hays, Pamela. (2001). Addressing cultural complexities in practice. A framework for clinicians and counselors. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Hays, Pamela. Addressing the complexities of culture and gender in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development. 74.4 (Mar./Apr. 1996). 332 THE HAYS ADDRESSING Model Addressing cultural complexities in practice: A framework for clinicians and counselors & Addressing the complexities of culture and gender in counseling 20
  • 21. The extant literature indicates that we as human beings have multiple cultural identities that can be grouped as follows.  Categorization – people identify with one of their cultural groups over others  Compartmentalization – individuals maintain multiple, separate identities within themselves  Integration – people link their multiple cultural identities MULTIPLE CULTURAL IDENTITIES Multiple IdentitiesCultural Sources: Seth J.J. Schwartz, Koen Luyckx , and Vivian L.K. Vignoles (Eds.) Handbook of Identity Theory and Research. Springer. 2001. Verónica Benet-Martínez and Ying-yi Hong (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Multicultural Identity. Oxford University Press. 2014. Chao, G.T., & Moon, H. The Cultural Mosaic: A Metatheory for Understanding the Complexity of Culture. Journal of Applied Psychology 2005, Vol. 90, No. 6, 1128–1140 Yampolsky MA, Amiot CE, & de la Sablonnière, R. (2013). Multicultural identity integration and well-being: a qualitative exploration of variations in narrative coherence and multicultural identification. Front. Psychol. 4:126.doi: 10.3389/fpsyg. 2013.00126 21
  • 22. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Organizational culture is a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. Schein, E. (1985) .Organizational Culture and Leadership. Jossey Bass: San Francisco. Slide Source: Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence, 2015. 22
  • 23. MILITARY ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Slide Source: Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence, 2015. Consider culture within the contexts of each of the five U.S. armed service branches.  identities  values & beliefs  traditions  language  dress 23
  • 24. Health Care System Behavioral Health Care System Disability Evaluation Center School System Child Care System Legal System Military & Family Support Center Military Base Location Family Service Member Socio-Political Environment Convergence of Cultural Contexts: A Focus on the U.S. Military Community Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 24
  • 25. Thoughts About Culture: Key Considerations & Lessons Learned Understanding another culture is a continuous not a discreet process. It requires experience as well as study to understand the many subtleties of another culture. Stereotyping is probably inevitable in absence of frequent contact with and study of other cultures. Goode, T. & Jones, W. Cultural Influences on Child Development: The Middle Years. In T. Gullotta . & G. Blau (Eds.) Family Influences on Childhood Behavior and Development: Evidence-based Approaches to Prevention and Treatment Approaches. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008. Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 25
  • 26. Thoughts About Culture: Key Considerations & Lessons Learned What seems logical, sensible, important, and reasonable in one culture may seem illogical, irrational, and unimportant to someone outside of that culture. When people talk about cultures other than their own, they tend to describe the differences rather than the similarities. Goode, T. & Jones, W. Cultural Influences on Child Development: The Middle Years. In T. Gullotta T. & G. Blau (Eds.) Family Influences on Childhood Behavior and Development: Evidence-based Approaches to Prevention and Treatment Approaches. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008. Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 26
  • 27. Thoughts About Culture: Key Considerations & Lessons Learned Differences between cultures are often seen as threatening and often described in negative terms. It is probably necessary to know the language of another culture to understand that culture in depth. Goode, T. & Jones, W. Cultural Influences on Child Development: The Middle Years. In T. Gullotta T. & G. Blau (Eds.) Family Influences on Childhood Behavior and Development: Evidence-based Approaches to Prevention and Treatment Approaches. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008. Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 27
  • 28. CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE: Essential Approaches to Support Service Members and their Families Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 28
  • 29. Cultural Diversity and Differing World Views Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 29
  • 30. Cultural Diversity Goode & Jackson, 2009 The term cultural diversity is used to describe differences in ethnic or racial classification & self-identification, tribal or clan affiliation, nationality, language, age, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, socioeconomic status, education, religion, spirituality, physical and intellectual abilities, personal appearance, and other factors that distinguish one group or individual from another. Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 30
  • 31. Cultural Factors That Influence Diversity Among Individuals and Groups Adapted with permission from James Mason, Ph.D., NCCC Senior Consultant Cultural/Racial/Ethnic Identity Tribal Affiliation/Clan Nationality Acculturation/Assimilation Socioeconomic Status/Class Education Language Literacy Family Constellation Social History Military Status Perception of Time Health Beliefs & Practices Internal Factors Health & Mental Health Literacy Beliefs about Disability or Mental Health Lived Experience of Disability or Mental Illness Age & Life Cycle Issues Gender, Gender Identity & Expression Sexual Orientation Religion & Spiritual Views Spatial & Regional Patterns Political Orientation/Affiliation Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence31
  • 32. Cultural Factors That Influence Diversity Among Individuals and Groups Institutional Biases Racism & Discrimination Community Economics Intergroup Relations Group & Community Resiliency External Factors Natural Networks of Support Community History Political Climate Workforce Diversity Community Demographics Adapted with permission from James Mason, Ph.D., NCCC Senior Consultant Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence32
  • 33. Reliance on traditional remedies and healers Culture bound syndromes Delaying access to care Historical mistrust of health care, mental health, education, and social service professionals Experiences of racism, discrimination, and bias Cultural and linguistic barriers Stigma Cultural Influences on Beliefs and Practices Related to Health, Mental Health, and Social Services & Related Providers of Care/Services T.D. Goode Slide Source:© 2014 - National Center for Cultural Competence 33
  • 34. Let’s revisit our case studies Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 34
  • 35. A 24 year old active duty service member sustained an injury which has significantly his/her limited mobility and capacity to perform day to day activities. The medical team recommended surgery to minimize continued debilitation. During an appointment with the medical team’s social worker, the service member revealed that his/her family had encouraged delay of the surgery because “God heals all things in time.” The service member indicated feelings of conflict given how supportive his/her family has been and his/her fear of surgical procedures. CASE STUDY 1 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 35
  • 36. POLLING QUESTION FOR CASE STUDY 1 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence Which of the following cultural factors are present in this case study? Select one answer. 1. Religion 2. Age 3. Health beliefs and practices 4. Family composition & dynamics 5. All of the above 36
  • 37. After a series of events, both at home and on the installation, a 38 year old service member with 15 years of service, was ordered to seek mental health treatment. The service member had returned after being deployed for 18-months. The service member was very reluctant to seek care indicating to his wife that, “Men in my unit have gone through worse things than me. We hold strong. I can get through this without help.” CASE STUDY 2 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 37
  • 38. POLLING QUESTION FOR CASE STUDY 2 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence Which of the following cultural factors are present in this case study? Select one answer. A. Cultural identify B. Military status C. Health literacy D. Mental health beliefs and practices E. A-D F. A, B, & D 38
  • 39. Let’s take a closer look at our cultural diversity Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 39
  • 40. What are demographic trends for the Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence USA Most recently available data from sources cited. 40
  • 41. The facts, nothing but the facts … A NEW DEMOGRAPHIC REALITY A series of projections from the U.S. Census Bureau estimates:  In the year 2045 the nation will become “majority-minority” (all people except those that are non- Hispanic, single-race white)  The population under 18 years of age will reach this status by 2018 or 2019  The working age population is projected to become majority- minority between 2036 and 2042 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 10/11/15 from http://www.census.gov/newsroom.html 41
  • 42. ACS 2014 United States Demographic Estimates One Race or Latino or Hispanic and Race Data Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014 American Community Survey (ACS), Demographic & Housing Estimates, Table DP05 Slide Source:© 2015 - National Center for Cultural Competence RACE NUMBER Percent of POPULATION One Race 309,251,285 97.0% White 233,963,285 73.4% Black or African American 40,379,066 12.7% American Indian or Alaska Native 2,521,131 0.8% Asian 16,012,120 5.2% Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander 557,154 0.2% Some Other Race 15,063,263 4.7% Two or More Races 9,605,771 3.0% HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Hispanic or Latino of any Race 55,279,452 17.3% Total Population = 318,857,056 42
  • 43. White and Black or African American White and American Indian and Alaska Native White and Asian White and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander White and Some Other Race Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native Black or African American and Asian Black or African American and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Black or African American and Some Other Race American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian American Indian and Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander American Indian and Alaska Native and Some Other Race Asian and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Asian and Some Other Race Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander and Some Other Race Three or more races Population Self-Identified by Race & Ethnicity Categorical Listings Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Fact Finder, Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 43
  • 44. Languages Spoken at Home in the U.S. in 2014 English only 78.0% Other than English languages 21.1% Speak Spanish or Spanish Creole 39,254,342 (13.1%) Speak Indo European languages 10,808,453 (3.6%) [French (Patois, Cajun), French Creole, Italian, Portuguese, Portuguese Creole, German, Yiddish, Other West Germanic languages, Scandinavian languages, Greek, Russian, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Other Slavic languages, Armenian, Persian, Gujarathi, Hindi, Urdu, Other Indic languages] Speak Asian and Pacific Island languages 10,134,871 (3.4%) [Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Mon-Kymer, Cambodian, Miao, Hmong, Thai, Laotian, Vietnamese, Tagalog, other Pacific Island language] Other Languages 2,980,821 (1.0%) [Navajo, Other Native American languages, Hungarian, Arabic, Hebrew, African languages, other unspecified languages] Total Population 5 years and over 299,084,046 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Fact Finder, 2014 American Community Survey-1 Year Estimates, Table S1601 44
  • 45. Limited English Speaking Households formerly (linguistic isolation) refers to households in which no member 14 years old and over: (1) speaks only English or (2) speaks a non-English language and speaks English “very well.” Limited English Speaking Households All households 4.5%% Households speaking--  Spanish 23.1%  Other Indo-European languages 15.60%  Asian and Pacific Island languages 26.5%  Other languages 17.8% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder, 2014 American Community Survey- 1 Year Estimates, Table S1602 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence Limited English Speaking Households in the Unites States in 2014 45
  • 46. What do these demographic trends look like for the U.S. Military Community? Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence USA 46
  • 47. 47
  • 48. Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence A word about the implications of culture and biases 48
  • 49.  A bias is a preference for one thing, person or group over another.  We all have biases.  Bias becomes a concern when it becomes a prejudice against certain people or groups in ways that are unfair and lead to discrimination. DEFINING BIAS Bias in a natural human reaction . Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 49
  • 50. DEFINING IMPLICIT OR UNCONSCIOUS BIAS Bias in a natural human reaction . Implicit or unconscious bias operates outside of the person’s awareness and can be in direct contradiction to a person’s espoused beliefs and values. What is so dangerous about implicit bias is that it automatically seeps into a person’s affect or behavior and is outside of the full awareness of that person. Implicit bias can interfere with:  clinical assessment  decision-making  communicating with others  relationships between: - coworkers - practitioners/staff and their patients and clients Source: Conscious and Unconscious Bias in Health Care: A Focus on Lupus. CME/CE developed by the National Center for Cultural Competence for American College of Rheumatology. http://thelupusinitiative.org/cmece/ Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 50
  • 51.  Age  Disability  Education  English language proficiency and fluency (including the capacity to speak Standard English for native-born English speakers)  Ethnicity  Health status  Disease/diagnosis (HIV/AIDS)  Insurance  Obesity  Race  Socioeconomic status (SES)  Sexual orientation, gender identity, or expression  Skin tone  Substance use (injection drug user)  Social contact (amount of contact that practitioners have with patient populations) ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN OF THE LITERATURE Identified Areas of Bias Source: Conscious and Unconscious Biases in Health Care: A focus on lupus. Created by the NCCC for ACR Lupus Initiative. Retrieved on 4/19/15 from http://thelupusinitiative.org/cmece Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 51
  • 52. CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE: Essential Approaches to Support Service Members and their Families Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 52
  • 53. DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS Cultural Competence Linguistic Competence Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 53
  • 54. A service member’s daughter has a developmental disability with complex health issues. On a recent visit, the service member and spouse did not understand all of the terminology used by the health care team. The spouse complains that, “those doctors always talk over our heads.” The service member compensates by agreeing to read more when they get home. The service member is embarrassed about this issue and does not want the team to think they are not capable parents. CASE STUDY 3 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 54
  • 55. Are we on the same page? culturally aware cultural sensitivity culturally appropriate culturally effective culturally relevantculturally competent cultural humility culturally & linguistically competent linguistically competent cultural proficiency multicultural competence T.D. Goode culturally relevant cultural responsiveness linguistically appropriate Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 55
  • 56. Cultural competence requires that organizations have a clearly defined, congruent set of values and principles, and demonstrate behaviors, attitudes, policies, structures, and practices that enable them to work effectively cross-culturally. (adapted from Cross, Bazron, Dennis & Isaacs, 1989. Policies Structures PracticesBehaviors Attitudes Cultural Competence Cultural Competence Conceptual Framework Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
  • 57. Five Elements of Cultural Competence INDIVIDUAL LEVEL acknowledge cultural differences understand your own culture engage in self-assessment acquire cultural knowledge & skills view behavior within a cultural context 1 2 3 4 5 (Cross, Bazron, Dennis and Isaacs, 1989)Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 57
  • 58. 1 • value diversity 2 • conduct self-assessment 3 • manage the dynamics of difference 4 • institutionalize/embed cultural knowledge 5 • adapt to diversity (values, polices, structures & services) Five Elements of Cultural Competence ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL (Cross, Bazron, Dennis and Isaacs, 1989) Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 58
  • 59. ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN A CULTURALLY COMPETENT SYSTEM Slide Source:© 2011 - National Center for Cultural Competence policy making administration practice & service delivery patient & family community These five elements must be manifested at every level of an organization or system including: and reflected in its attitudes, structures, policies, practices, and services. Adapted from Cross, Bazron, Dennis, & Isaacs, 1989 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 59
  • 60. Cultural Destructiveness Cultural Incapacity Cultural Blindness Cultural Pre-Competence Cultural Competence Cultural Proficiency Cultural Competence Continuum (Cross, Bazron, Dennis and Isaacs, 1989) Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence
  • 61. is the capacity of an organization and its personnel to communicate effectively, and convey information in a manner that is easily understood by diverse groups including persons of limited English proficiency, those who are not literate or have low literacy skills, individuals with disabilities, or those who are deaf or hard of hearing requires organizational and provider capacity to respond effectively to the health literacy and mental health literacy needs of populations served ensures policy, structures, practices, procedures and dedicated resources to support this capacity Linguistic Competence Goode & Jones, Revised 2009, National Center for Cultural Competence Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 61
  • 62. Health Literacy is …… the ability to read, understand, and act on health information. Source: Center for Health Care Strategies, Inc. http://www.chcs.org/publications3960/publications_show.htm?doc_id+291711 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence defined as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions and services needed to prevent or treat illness. Source: Institute of Medicine. Retrieved from http://www.hrsa.gov/publichealth/healthliteracy/healthlitabout.html 62
  • 63. Functional Health Literacy is… the ability to read, and comprehend prescription bottles, appointment slips, and other essential health-related materials required to successfully function as a patient. Data Source: American Medical Association Council of Scientific Affairs http://www.chcs.org/publications3960/publications_show.htm?doc_id+291711 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 63
  • 64. Health Literacy is …… the capacity of professionals and health institutions to provide access to information and support the active engagement of people. Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence Rudd, R. Health Literacy: Time to Refocus &Expand. Retrieved on 10/26/15 from http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/healthliteracy/slide-presentation-by-rima-rudd/ 64
  • 65. EVIDENCE-BASED TOOLS TO ADDRESS HEALTH LITERACY Slide Source:© 2014 - National Center for Cultural Competence Source: http://www.teachbacktraining.org/ Plain Language at NIH Source: http://www.nih.gov/clearcommunication/plainlanguage/index.htm Source: Askme3.org
  • 66. Let’s revisit our case study Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 66
  • 67. A service member’s daughter has a developmental disability with complex health issues. On a recent visit, the service member and spouse did not understand all of the terminology used by the health care team. The spouse complains that, “those doctors always talk over our heads.” The service member compensates by agreeing to read more when they get home. The service member is embarrassed about this issue and does not want the team to think they are not capable parents. CASE STUDY 3 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence 67
  • 68. POLLING QUESTION FOR CASE 2 Slide Source:© 2015 - Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence What culturally and linguistically competent practices would you recommend to this health team? Select one answer. A. Acquire cultural knowledge and skills B. Engage in self-assessment C. Address health literacy D. All of the above 68
  • 69. 69  You are a cultural being and have multiple cultural identities, one of which may be your professional discipline or position in the military or other governmental or non-governmental entity.  You view and interpret the world through your own cultural lens which is comprised of both individual and group experiences over time.  Your cultural frame of reference may or may not be shared by the individuals to whom you provide care, services, and supports. Cultural and Linguistic Competence Adapted from: Goode, T., Jones, W., & Christopher, J. Responding to cultural and linguistic differences among people with intellectual disability. In Percy, M., Wehmeyer, M. L., Shogren, K. A., & Fung, A. (Eds.). A comprehensive guide to intellectual and developmental disabilities (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing. In press.
  • 70. 70 Cultural and Linguistic Competence Adapted from: Goode, T., Jones, W., & Christopher, J. Responding to cultural and linguistic differences among people with intellectual disability. In Percy, M., Wehmeyer, M. L., Shogren, K. A., & Fung, A. (Eds.). A comprehensive guide to intellectual and developmental disabilities (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing. In press.  Your world view or cultural frame of reference influences your approach to delivering services, supports, or other responsibilities associated with your position/role.  Your world view is influenced by the “culture” of the organization, program, or agency in which you are employed.  You, as well as all people, have biases that manifest at both conscious and unconscious levels. Since one’s cultural frame of reference contributes to biases, it is necessary to identify, acknowledge, and address such biases if they interfere with your capacity to perform day-to-day responsibilities in a competent and respectful manner.
  • 71. 71 Cultural and Linguistic Competence Adapted from: Goode, T., Jones, W., & Christopher, J. Responding to cultural and linguistic differences among people with intellectual disability. In Percy, M., Wehmeyer, M. L., Shogren, K. A., & Fung, A. (Eds.). A comprehensive guide to intellectual and developmental disabilities (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing. In press. Your willingness and capacity to address cultural differences are essential to: (a) supporting service members and their families from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural groups; and (a) the working relationships with colleagues and others involved in the array of systems that provide services and supports to the military community.
  • 72. As a culturally competent _________ I am capable of interacting positively with people who do NOT look like, talk like, think like, believe like, act like, live like... ME!!!Source: Multnomah County Department of Health. move like, Modification from Mike Magy, Massachusetts Department of Mental Health, November 2005 . love like... Slide Source:© 2015 Georgetown University National Center for Cultural Competence72
  • 73. CONTACT US National Center for Cultural Competence http://nccc.georgetown.edu cultural@georgetown.edu The content of and this PowerPoint presentation are copyrighted and are protected by Georgetown University's copyright policies. Permission is granted to use this PowerPoint presentation in its entirety and/or individual slides for non- commercial purposes if:  the material is not to be altered and • proper credit is given to the author(s) and to the National Center for Cultural Competence. Permission is required if the material is to be: • modified in any way • used in broad distribution. To request permission and for more information, contact cultural@georgetown.edu. 73
  • 74. Reflect! Keep Calm & Carry On (Mindfulness Audiocast Exercise) Discover and observe your reactions to life’s stressors and choose how to respond. Learn to balance work and life with this three-part mindfulness audiocast series. Audiocast #2: Stepping Back from Your Thoughts Link to Download: http://blogs.extension.org/militaryfamilies/military- caregiving/audiocasts-and-podcasts/
  • 75. Evaluation & Continuing Education Credits/Certificates The MFLNMC Concentration Area offers 1.5 credit hour(s) from the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) / certificates of completion for today’s webinar. To receive CE credits or certificate of completion, please complete the evaluation and post-test found at: https://vte.co1.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_cRWEjqwLMf0SCZn *Must pass post-test with an 80% or higher to receive CE credit.
  • 76. Session #3: Recharging! Combating Compassion Fatigue Time: 11:00 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. EDT Date: Wednesday, November 4, 2015 Location: https://learn.extension.org/events/2188 For more information on MFLN Military Caregiving go to: https://blogs.extension.org/militaryfamilies/military-caregiving/
  • 78. Find all upcoming & recorded VLEs & webinars covering: Personal Finance Family Transitions Military Caregiving Network Literacy Family Development Nutrition & Wellness Community Capacity Building www.extension.org/62581 This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Family Readiness Policy, U.S. Department of Defense under Award Numbers 2012-48755-20306 and 2014-48770-22587.