This is our Health Report entitled: Human diseases and Leading causes of Death. 4-1 group 2 presentation. BSU-SLS S.Y 2012-2013 -Mira Moltio

1. HUMAN DISEASES AND
LEADING CAUSES OF
DEATH

2. ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE

3. CAUSES:
• AGE • MORE COMMON
• SMOKING IN MEN AND
• HIGH THOSE WHO
CHOLESTEROL HAVE CLOSE
LEVELS RELATIVES WITH
ISCHEMIC HEART
• EATING MEAT DISEASE
• DIABETES
• HYPERTENSION

4. Signs and Symptoms
• Angina pectoris (chest pain on exertion, in cold
weather or emotional situations)
• Acute chest pain: acute coronary syndrome,
unstable angina or myocardial infarction ("heart
attack", severe chest pain unrelieved by rest
associated with evidence of acute heart
damage)
• Heart failure (difficulty in breathing or swelling
of the extremities due to weakness of the heart
muscle)
• Heartburn

5. PREVENTION
• Various treatments are offered in people
deemed to be at high risk of coronary artery
disease. These include control of cholesterol
levels in those with known high cholesterol,
smoking cessation, dietary intervention
(especially eating more vegetables and less
meat),and control of high blood pressure.

7. CAUSES
Disturbance in the blood supply of the brain.
Ischemia (lack of blood flow)
As a result, the affected area of the brain cannot
function, which might result in an inability to
move one or more limbs on one side of the
body, inability to understand or formulate
speech, or an inability to see one side of the
visual field

8. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

9. DROOPY FACE

10. PREVENTION
• Keep your blood pressure under
control. If your blood pressure is
above 140/90 mmHg for long
periods of time, it can damage the
blood vessels and increase your risk
of stroke.

11. PREVENTION
• STOP SMOKING
• Drink in moderation. People who drink more
than two alcoholic drinks per day face a
significantly higher risk of stroke.
• Lower your cholesterol
• Get regular physical activity
• Ask your doctor if you have blood or blood
circulation problems that could increase your
risk for stroke.

12. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASE

13. • is the occurrence of chronic bronchitis or
emphysema, a pair of commonly co-
existing diseases of the lungs in which the
airways become narrowed. This leads to a
limitation of the flow of air to and from the
lungs, causing shortness of breath.

14. CAUSES
• Smoking
• Occupational exposures (gold mining, coal
mining)
• Air pollution
• Genetics (commonly among relatives)

15. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• An ongoing cough or a cough that produces a
lot of mucus (often called smoker’s cough)
• Shortness of breath, especially with physical
activity
• Wheezing (squeaky sound when you breath)
• Chest tightness
• Lips or fingernails turn blue or gray.
• Not mentally alert.

16. PREVENTION
• Stop smoking
• Stay away from polluted areas if possible
• Avoid dust exposure

18. CAUSES
• The most common cause of a respiratory tract infection
is one of over 200 viruses.
• The viruses that cause nearly all upper respiratory tract
infections are:
• Rhinovirus (common cold)
• Adenovirus (viral gastroenteritis)
• Enterovirus (cold and flu)
• Coronavirus (SARS)
• influenza virus (flu)
• parainfluenza virus (viral pathogens)
• respiratory syncytial virus(dry cough, sore thraoat)

19. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• Fever and chills
• Sinus infections
• Nausea and vomiting
• Common cold and cough with phlegm coming up.
• Traces of blood in the phlegm, which can be rusty or grayish
green in color.
• Fever and acute body ache.
• Burning sensation in the eyes and sometimes watery eyes.
• Difficulty in breathing due to blocked nose.
• Scratchy or a pricking sensation in the throat.
• Loss of appetite and fatigue.
• Breathless and a feeling of tightness in the chest.

20. PREVENTION
• Respiratory Infection Treatment
In order to diagnose the presence of infection
in the respiratory tract, a person may have to
get a blood test or an X-ray. The physician may
prescribe the following methods of treatment,
to the affected individual:In order to get rid of
cold or cough, there are many over-the-
counter (OTC) drugs like decongestant drops
and sprays available.

21. • If lower respiratory tract infection is caused due
to bacterial infestation, then the doctor may
prescribe antibiotics like amoxicillin or procaine
penicillin.
• To ease headache, body pain and fever, the
doctor may also prescribe painkillers like
paracetamol. If you are suffering from fever,
make it a point to increase the intake of fluids, in
order to avoid dehydration.
• In some instances, this infection can also lead to
acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), a more
serious condition if left untreated. So, it is
advisable to consult a doctor, as soon as you
observe the symptoms and go in for treatment in
order to curb the infection.

23. Key facts
• Diarrhoeal disease kills 1.5 million children
every year.
• Globally, there are about two billion cases of
diarrhoeal disease every year.
• Diarrhoeal disease mainly affects children
under two years old.
• Diarrhoea is a leading cause of malnutrition in
children under five years old.

24. CAUSES
• Severe dehydration and fluid loss
• Impaired immunity
• Diarrhea is usually a symptom of an infection
in the intestinal tract, which can be caused by
a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic
organisms.
• Infection is spread through contaminated food
or drinking-water, or from person-to-person as
a result of poor hygiene.

25. THREE TYPES
There are three clinical types of diarrhoea:
• acute watery diarrhoea – lasts several hours
or days, and includes cholera;
• acute bloody diarrhoea – also called
dysentery;
• persistent diarrhoea – lasts 14 days or longer.

26. Signs and symptoms
• Frequent loose, watery stools
• Abdominal cramps
• Abdominal pain
• Fever
• Bleeding
• Lightheadedness or dizziness from
dehydration

27. PREVENTION
Key measures to prevent diarrhea include:
• access to safe drinking-water
• improved sanitation
• exclusive breastfeeding for the first six
months of life
• good personal and food hygiene
• health education about how infections
spread

28. HEART ATTACK

29. The most common cause of death from a heart
attack in adults is a disturbance in the electrical
rhythm of the heart called ventricular
fibrillation.
– Ventricular fibrillation can be treated, but it
requires applying an electrical shock to the chest
called defibrillation.
– If a defibrillator is not readily available, brain
death will occur in less than 10 minutes.

30. • One way of buying time until a defibrillator
becomes available is to provide artificial
breathing and circulation by performing
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR.

31. – By performing CPR, you keep oxygenated
blood flowing to the heart and brain until a
defibrillator becomes available.
• Because up to 80% of all cardiac arrests
occur in the home, you are most likely
to perform CPR on a family member or
loved one.

39. • are illnesses that have a significant probability
of transmission between humans by means of
human sexual behavior, including vaginal
intercourse and oral sex. While in the past, these
illnesses have mostly been referred to as STDs or
VD, in recent years the term sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) has been preferred,
as it has a broader range of meaning; a person
may be infected, and may potentially infect
others, without having a disease.

40. PREVENTION
• The most effective way to prevent sexual
transmission of STIs is to avoid contact of body
parts or fluids which can lead to transfer with
an infected partner. Not all sexual activities
involve contact: cybersex, phonesex or
masturbation from a distance are methods of
avoiding contact. Proper use of condoms
reduces contact and risk. Although a condom
is effective in limiting exposure, some disease
transmission may occur even with a condom.

41. Vaccines
• Vaccines are available that protect against
some viral STIs, such as Hepatitis A, Hepatitis
B, and some types of HPV. Vaccination before
initiation of sexual contact is advised to assure
maximal protection.

42. END.