Covers the water cycle, surface water and ground water and has links to videos to supplement the content material

1. The Water Cycle

2. Terms
 Hydrological Cycle
 Transpiration
 Precipitation
 Water Table
 Condensation
 Infiltration
 Percolation
 Watershed
 Runoff
 Evaporation
 Aquifers

3. Origin of Earth’s Water
 Aristotle thought rivers, like the Nile, were
supplied by rain and snow alone
 Mid 1600’s – scientists able to accurately
measure amount of water supplied by
rain/snow into flowing rivers
 5x more than water than rivers carry off
 Where is all the water come from and where
does it go?

4. Water Cycle
 Continuous movement of water from the
atmosphere to the Earth’s surface and
back again
 Called the “water cycle” or “hydrologic
cycle”

6. Evaporation
 Process of liquid water changing into
water vapor
 500,000 km3 of water evaporates from the
surface in one year
 86% of evaporated water comes from
oceans

7. Transpiration
 Process of plants giving off water vapor
into atmosphere
 Example of transpiration: when a plant or
a tree releases water into the atmosphere
from tiny openings in its leaves

8. Evapotranspiration
 The total processes of liquid water
entering the atmosphere
 Continents lose 70,000 km3 each year
 40,000 km3 of water become

9. Condensation
 Process of water vapor cooling and
expanding and changing into liquid water
droplets to form clouds

10. Precipitation
 water falling, in a liquid or solid state, from
the atmosphere to Earth
 Examples of precipitation:
rain, snow, hail, sleet, dew, and frost.

11.  Water cycle video
(8 min) on overview
(3 min) on global impacts
 http://www.montereyinstitute.org/noaa/less
on07.html

12. Infiltration
 The process by which surface water
enters the soil

13. Runoff
– water that
flows over land
into rivers

14. Runoff Factors
Soil Composition
 Larger pores in
soil – greater
infiltration
Rate of precipitation
 Gentle
precipitation can
enter all types of
soil
 Fast rainfall can
create a lot of
runoff

15. Runoff Factors
Vegetation
 More vegetation –
less runoff
Slope
 Greater the slope
– more runoff

16. Water table
 The upper surface of groundwater that has
filled the spaces between the rocks above
an impermeable layer

17. Watershed
 Land from which water runs off into a
stream

18. Watersheds
tributaries
 Feeder streams
divides
 High land area
that separates
watersheds

19. Stream Channel
 The path the stream follows
 Changes over time due to erosion

20. Factors of Stream Erosion
 Discharge – measurement of how much
water flows past a spot in given amount of
time
 Headwaters – beginning of a stream
 Gradient – slope of the stream

22. Stages of a Stream/River
 Youthful – fastest time of erosion, almost
no tributaries
 Mature – reduced erosion, well-
established tributaries, meanders, and
oxbow lakes
 Meanders – winding of low-gradient streams
 Oxbow lakes – lakes formed when meanders
are cut off
 Old – deposits its sediments from a
decrease in slope, eventually becomes a
flat plain

23. Meanders
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STgbH
FvUMlE

24. Groundwater

25. Aquifer
 A body of rock which large amounts of
water can flow or be stored
 some are made of porous rock such as
sand and gravel
 Others made of rocks with large pore
spaces like sandstone
 Others made of highly fractured rock like
limestone

26. Aquiclude
 Impermeable layers that block
groundwater (clay or bedrock)

27. Groundwater Supply
well
 Hole dug below
the water table
that fills with
groundwater
spring
 Natural flow of
groundwater to
the earth’s surface

28. Artesian well
 Water flows freely due to a difference in
slope

29. Ordinary wells
Drawdown
 Difference
between original
water-table level
and water level in
the pumped well
Recharge
 Process of
replenishing the
water content
taken to surface

30. Groundwater usage
Interactive
http://www.montereyinstitute.org/n
oaa/lesson07/l7la2.htm

31. Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic

32. Geysers
How a geyser forms
 https://www.youtu
be.com/watch?v=
X4zA_YPCyHs
Old Faithful
 https://www.youtu
be.com/watch?v=
LWrklFuYnb0

33. Bill Nye’s Water Cycle
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6FpO
dSVeIU