1. -
11 May 2013 M.Kh.Aboghrip phytopathology 2013 1

2. Untraditional crops
Stevia
Under supervision
SaidDr. Mohamed
Prepared by
M.Kh.Aboghrip
B.Sc. Agric. Ain-Shams Uni.
M.Sc. BioChem. Banha Uni.

3. 11 May 2013M.Kh.Aboghrip phytopathology 2013
Stevia
O Introduction
O Classification
O Origin
O Geographical distribution
O Morphology
O Environmental requirement
O Propagation
O Cultivation
O Biological benefits
O Chemical composition

4. Introduction
O stevia rebaudiana (Family: Asteraceae) is
one of only two species that produce
sweet steviol glycosides.
O This Sweet Herb of Paraguay, is fast
becoming a major source of high potency
sweetener which has no calorific value.
O Several countries including India have
started its commercial cultivation.
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5. Classification
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Kingdom Plants–Plantae
Subkingdom Vascular plants–Tracheobionta
Superdivision Seed plants–Spermatophyta
Division Flowering plants–Magnoliophyta
ClassMagnoliopsida– Dicotyledons
SubclassAsteridae
GroupMonochlamydae
OrderAsterales
FamilyAsteraceae– Compositae family
Subfamily
Asteroideae
TribeEupatorieae
GenusStevia
Specie
rebaudiana

6. 11 May 2013M.Kh.Aboghrip phytopathology 2013
Origin
O Stevia is native to the valley of the Rio
Monday in highlands of Northeastern
Paraguay in South America where it
grows in sandy soils near streams on the
edges of marshland, acid infertile sand or
muck soils.

7. Geographical distribution
O The main producers of stevia are
Japan, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Korea, Br
azil, Malaysia and Paraguay. Currently,
O Stevia is consumed in
Japan, Brazil, Korea, the United States of
America, Argentina, China, Canada, Para
guay and Indonesia
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8. Plant morphology
11 May 2013
M.Kh.Aboghrip phytopathology
2013
O Flower structure
O Different stages of flower opening.
O SEED
O (a) (b)
O Stevia seeds (a) infertile seeds are usually pale or clear and
(b) fertile seeds are dark colored

9. Plant morphology
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M.Kh.Aboghrip phytopathology
2013
O Leaf structure
O Root
O stem structure

10. Environmental requirement
11 May 2013M.Kh.Aboghrip phytopathology 2013
O Latitude between 22º and 24º South Latitude
O Soils are generally slightly acidic 5.5 - 6.0 pH
O Sandy loam to loam – natural soils are somewhat
O mineralized semi-tropical soils in the category of
Ferralsols
O Rainfall is generally in the 1200 – 1700 mm per year
and normally evenly distributed throughout the year
O Temperatures considered semi-tropical to temperate
averaging 15º to 35 ºC
.

11. Propagation
O Vegetative Propagation Seed
propagation
O Shoot Cuttings
O tissue culture
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12. Cultivation
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13. BIOSYNTHESIS OF STEVIA
GLYCOSIDES
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14. EXTRACTION OF STEVIA
GLYCOSIDES
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15. Biological properties
O BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
O EFFECT AS A
SWEETENING AGENT
O ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
O ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND
IMMUNOMODULATORY
ACTIVITY
O EFFECT ON
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
O MUTAGENIC AND
BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY
O EFFECT ON RENAL
FUNCTION
O EFFECT ON BLOOD
PRESSURE
O EFFECT ON BLOOD
GLUCOSE
O ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY
O INTESTINAL METABOLISM
O GASTRO PROTECTIVE
ACTIVI
O EFFECT ON K+ ION
CHANNEL
O ANTICANCER ACTIVITY
O TOXICOLOGY
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•kills fungi

16. STEVIA SIDE EFFECTS & SAFETY
O Some people who take stevia or stevioside can
experience bloating or nausea.
O Other people have reported feelings of
dizziness, muscle pain, and numbness.
O Pregnancy and breast-feeding.
O Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
O Allergy to ragweed and related plants
O Diabetes
O the chemicals contained in stevia might lower
blood sugar levels
O Low blood pressure
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17. STEVIA INTERACTIONS
O Lithium interacts with Stevia
O Medications for diabetes (antidiabetes
drugs) interacts with stevia
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18. CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF STEVIA
MIXTURE.
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