!"#$%&'%'()%*(+,,#-.%/0+*12
!"##$%&'(")*+$,-(".#(/0"0$#(+"(".#(1#*(2)$3(4056%7(8%5$+$9

4$#-#&"#,(")(".#(3&4+-&0%5#.#'&0%6+78$%+9%3):%;)&0&-<
:;(1)<#=5#$(>;??

=#*(&)0%>&?*&7#<)?
!#&%)$(@+&+'#$(/)$(A#5(B&%C+C<#-D(1248
E=6+-7+$%,#-(F(E&9G6
=%7.+#66+-7+$%,#-E&9G6H)$'

Monday, December 12, 2011

@(&-1%A+8B


Before we get started, thanks to Courtney Johnston and the staff of the National Digital Forum for the
invitation. All the folks from other institutions who have been so gracious in helping me prepare (and for
the invitations to travel elsewhere—looking forward to thanking you in person soon). Those who Iʼve
met online via chat and twitter.

K0$+")$- 1248(!"$+"#'9(MN7#

L<#&"- C)/
1248(8+5-

BIFJ#G)-%")$9

+&,(=)$#O
K)==0&%7+C)&-(
+&,(@+$3#C&'


I also want to thank my NYPL colleagues. Lots of people at the Library work on digital
projects, any one of whom could have made this presentation. Let’s add a disclaimer: If you
see something cool, they probably did it. If you disagree with something, it’s my fault. ;)

3; 3DE


So, I’m in New Zealand. And I found myself wondering what this crowd might want to hear
from me, a guy from New York City.


I do know that there’s amazing work going on here created by many of the people in this
room. But I didn’t quite know what to expect here.

3; 3DE


But thinking about it, New Zealand and New York City are remarkably similar.

3; 3DE


We’re both island nations (OK, NYC is not technically a nation, but it thinks it’s one.).

3; 3DE

4)G06+C)&P( 4)G06+C)&P
Q(/#*(=%66%)& Q(/#*(=%66%)&


with a few million inhabitants

3; 3DE

4)G06+C)&P( 4)G06+C)&P
Q(/#*(=%66%)& Q(/#*(=%66%)&


we’re both renowned for dramatic vertical skylines above beautiful harbors

3; 3DE
R2)OT

RS%+()$+OT
4)G06+C)&P( 4)G06+C)&P
Q(/#*(=%66%)& Q(/#*(=%66%)&


we both have our own friendly greeting

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R2)OT

RS%+()$+OT
4)G06+C)&P( 4)G06+C)&P
Q(/#*(=%66%)& Q(/#*(=%66%)&


we also both have a larger neighbor just to the west

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R2)OT

RS%+()$+OT
4)G06+C)&P( 4)G06+C)&P
Q(/#*(=%66%)& Q(/#*(=%66%)&


with whom we have a bit of a friendly sporting rivalry

A#(7+&($#6+"#H


in short, we can relate.

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>H(4$)X#7"-
:H(!)=#(".)0'."YG$)<)3%&'


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HI%"%/#'%+9%/&*1.7+8-<
>H(4$)X#7"-
:H(!)=#(".)0'."YG$)<)3%&'


So, on to the bit of background, starting with me. I am not a librarian, archivist, or
curator by training.

>#/7&7A%-)7<


but I am a product of libraries. I have had several libraries in my life.


Library #1: Millville. I hung out here, played Dungeons and Dragons here, met the
ﬁrst girl I ever kissed here. (And the second, for that matter.) I don’t remember
borrowing a lot of books.


It was ﬁve minutes from my house. I spent a lot of formative time there.


Library #2: Mabel Smith Douglass, Rutgers University in New Jersey.


Lateral exploration, refuge. I don’t remember borrowing a lot of books.


Library #3: Bobst Library, New York University. Where I got serious, ﬁnished my BS
and learned to do proper research. Didn’t love this library (intimidating and
vertiginous).


I sat here.


After I got my degree, I spent a few years selling soap. But I was looking around for
something with a bit more social import.


In 2008, I arrived at the NYPL. I draw on those prior library experiences, which were
very emotional in nature and don’t ﬁt neatly in boxes (and certainly weren’t all about
books).


That background has made me realize that a sappy as it might sound, libraries are largely
supported by the love patrons have for them, and not just the items they provide.


So, a bit about this library

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/)$(J#-#+$7.(%&( 4#$/)$=%&'(Q$"- !7.*+$[=+&( +&,(Z0-%&#--(
Z6+73(K06"0$# Z0%6,%&'( 8%5$+$9
U+3+(@+%&(8%5$+$9V


Letʼs start with the research collections. We have four major research libraries, each with a
different focus. Unusually for a collection of this scope, they are completely free and open to
the public. The only prerequisite to gain access to the research collections is curiosity.

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)/(".#(_#76+$+C)&( ?ab; U".#($#+6()&#OV Z+-#5+66(K+$,
)/(B&,#G#&,#&7#

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!706G"0$# K06"0$# K)$$#-G)&,#&7# -7)$#-(d(<%,#)


We have awesome content (see http://exhibitions.nypl.org/treasures), and a mandate
to collect everything from low to high culture. Wonderfully, over the years, some of
the most ephemeral, “worthless” things (advertisements, ﬂiers, menus, baseball
cards, etc) have become the most valuable since no one else preserved them.


I often feel like I work in the warehouse in the last scene of Raiders of the Lost Ark.
There is more amazing stuff in here than can be processed by any one brain.

e;(&#%'.5)$.)),(5$+&7.#-


OK, if THAT werenʼt a large enough job, this incredibly large research organization also has
the largest circulating neighborhood branch public library system in the USA, with 90 locations.

e;(&#%'.5)$.)),(5$+&7.#-


We donʼt even include two of the most populous parts of New York.

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b?(=%66%)&(%"#=-

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)<#$(?H>@(,%'%"+6(%=+'#-(Ug;;S(G056%7V

>D;;;(#=G6)9##-


The Library seems to be comprised largely of astonishing numbers.

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S%,- B&"#$&+6(I))6- K+"+6)'FZ%56%)K)==)&- 1248(8+5-

8+%$ !0==#$(J#+,%&' h0&,$+%-%&' @)5%6#(QGG-


The astonishing numbers extend to the web sites. There are approximately 35 domains
created by the library.

More than 26 Million visits per year


F'K?%/#.I


What I’m basically saying is that I work for a big, complicated institution.

RA.#$#(".#(.#66
,)(B(-"+$"jT


And this leads to the question I ask myself all the time.


When I think about the process by which I prioritize projects, the metaphor that
comes to mind is this one from an essay about writing by the American author Annie
Dillard. [read]


I wasn’t sure about using this metaphor, so I went looking for images in our picture
collection to illustrate it.
http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?
trg=1&strucID=431722&imageID=1117611


The ﬁrst image that came up was this one from New Zealand, taken not far from here,
so I took that as a good sign.

"%/7#)9%(#?'+7A%+9%?'8L%#-%0#/7&7#)?I


The idea of the chopping block is that it’s easiest to hit your target when you aim past it. So what
does that look like in a digital library context? Here’s a brief history:

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This was the economy of scarcity.

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E&'&0+. E&'&0+.



Still an economy of scarcity.

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Worth remembering that the web was one guy’s pet research project.
(Source: Wikipedia)


(Source: Wikipedia)

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8:00

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175,000 followers on Twitter. Second-largest library on twitter after the Library of Congress, and the largest public
library.


Twitter is also a great channel for listening to patrons, which sometimes makes you
feel like you have ESP.

Weʼre on Facebook, with 43,000 “likes”

We were the ﬁrst library in the world to offer our own badge on the locational social network
Foursquare.

Weʼve uploaded over a thousand public-domain photos to the Flickr Commons.

We share hundreds of videos on YouTube, Vimeo and iTunes, as well as our own streaming media servers. Most of the content is produced
in-house (and itʼs AMAZING stuff).

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In 2008, our social media policy switched from “get permission ﬁrst” to “Get trained, and weʼll set you free”. We have an social media
emergency procedure if things get out of hand, but generally they donʼt. Trust and autonomy are important.

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By the way, this is one of the biggest differences between libraries and museums.

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Weʼve trained hundreds of our staff to edit their own content on the web site. In the meantime, weʼre constantly working on the site to ﬁnd
problem areas and make them better.

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Weʼve trained hundreds of our staff to edit their own content on the web site. In the meantime, weʼre constantly working on the site to ﬁnd
problem areas and make them better.

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!""#$

Weʼve been blogging for years. About 300 staff have been trained to post their own blogs, and about 50 post regularly. Anyone in public
service (almost the whole library) is free to blog on our public channel.


In-depth coverage of events.


Building community around events


Book reviews


Bookish meditations


Illuminating and featuring collections


Community outreach


This was the most popular blog post of 2010.


http://jezebel.com/5463527/abstaining-from-crappy-clothes-lets-not-say-diet-
more-than-absolutely-necessary

,-.)'/.0/12.33403/40/(/5.5'0678


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[18:00] Now we move into social projects that we built at NYPL, starting with the catalog.

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>>>> The library’s online catalog is by far our most heavily used web property, with more than 12 million annual uses by 2.9 million of the library’s most
loyal, local, and engaged patrons.

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/wallyg/2066990714

12 million visits
/$)=
2.9 million visitors
U>;?;V

The library’s online catalog is by far our most heavily used web property, with more than 12 million annual uses by 2.9 million of the library’s most loyal,
local, and engaged patrons.

We don’t exist in a vacuum. The library’s patrons are omnivorous, and they’re being trained about what to expect from every other web site on the planet.

Old NYPL catalog

Up until a few weeks ago, this is what a typical item record page in our catalog looked like.

Old NYPL catalog

>>>>> When you arrived on a page showing the item you're looking for, it offered only two choices: place a hold (to borrow the item now), or save to list
(to borrow it later).

When you arrived on a page showing the item you're looking for, it offered only two choices: place a hold (to borrow the item now), or save to list (to
borrow it later).

8))3(/)$(
5))3

In a sense, this assumed that the goal of every interaction with the library is to borrow an item.

8))3(/)$( Find
book
5))3


8))3(/)$( Find
book
5))3

Read
book


8))3(/)$(
5))3
Find
book ?
Read
book

But it turns out that these catalog pages are actually an ideal place for our patrons to have a conversation with our staff and each other around the
items in our collection.

8))3(/)$(
5))3
Find
book !
Read
book

But it turns out that these catalog pages are actually an ideal place for our patrons to have a conversation with our staff and each other around the
items in our collection.

To make that conversation happen, we selected BiblioCommons, a small 18-person ﬁrm based in Toronto, Canada that provides a hosted online catalogue
interface to over forty libraries. Our new catalog interface just launched in October.

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M&'7+- M&'7+- M&'7+- M&'7+- M&'7+-

S#/0#+E+$$+-?

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In addition to letting users search and reserve items in a catalogue very effectively, the BiblioCommons interface also allows users to connect with others
by tagging, rating and reviewing items, adding them to public or private “shelves” and lists, and creating interest groups around items or topics;

>>>>> On the left, every page offers a cleaner, clearer way to borrow an item by request or see where it's available on the shelves right now.

On the left, every page offers a cleaner, clearer way to borrow an item by request or see where it's available on the shelves right now.

>>>>> But here in the middle is where it gets social, offering patrons a chance to participate in a conversation by rating, reviewing, sharing, or
commenting on any book in the collection, or posting selections to other social networks.

But here in the middle is where it gets social, offering patrons a chance to participate in a conversation by rating, reviewing, sharing, or commenting on
any book in the collection, or posting selections to other social networks.

>>>>> Lower down on the page, you can view comments and reviews submitted by other patrons. A key beneﬁt of Bibliocommons is that patrons from
ANY participating library can contribute content for all to see. Right from the ﬁrst day, New Yorkers can view contributions from millions of users of other
libraries. It is itself a social network.

Lower down on the page, you can view comments and reviews submitted by other patrons. A key benefit of Bibliocommons is that patrons from ANY
participating library can contribute content for all to see. Right from the first day, New Yorkers can view contributions from millions of users of other
libraries (and other libraries can benefit from the opinions of New Yorkers). It is itself a social network.

,:;+'</46=*/!"997/>.55'06*/(0+/
)(?03*/()'/(/143/+'(2@8

Two things: 1) it was a big deal to us, requiring changes to our privacy policies and, 2) it’s a shared system with other libraries.

>>>>> If a patron has chosen to share her lists and reviews publicly, you can click on her name to go to her page and view anything else she has shared,
even if she is a member of another library (in this case, this Ottawa).

If a patron has chosen to share her lists and reviews publicly, you can click on her name to go to her page and view anything else she has shared, even if
she is a member of another library (in this case, this Ottawa).

>>>>> On the right of each page, there are a variety of ways to explore related topics and items.

On the right of each page, there are a variety of ways to explore related topics and items.

>>>>> The ofﬁcial library subject headings link to other items on that same subject.

The ofﬁcial library subject headings link to other items on that same subject.

But presented alongside the ofﬁcial subject headings are any lists which contain this book. These lists are created by patrons or staff, and in some cases, as
seen here, we've even seen users of other libraries copying lists which were originally created by NYPL.

It's also possible to explore by patron-created tags, which are short descriptive labels that can highlight topics or content in a more informal manner. In this
case, for example, it's unlikely that the ofﬁcial catalog record would have contained "brutal dictatorship" and "hilarious", both of which actually apply to
this book.

A hidden beneﬁt of these patron-generated tags, reviews and ratings is that they are used behind the scenes to improve searches and guide patrons to the
most relevant items.

,-.)'/A.5403/*..0B8

[24:00] Research library tools. Also, building a backbone of an account system that can be used for other applications.

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Started recently by two librarians in Staten Island, Imer Ardolic and Steve
Herman.


The #wuseum


What makes these examples work is the passion these individual librarians brought to it. The
digital team’s job is to provide tools and get out of the way.

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N/J)*'? N/J)*'? N/J)*'? N/J)*'?

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E&'&0+. E&'&0+. E&'&0+. E&'&0+.

=+/#0)%&-<%M&'7+-O*)-')7)<


[31:00] So let’s take it up a notch, and look at examples where we’re exploring social objects.

S#/0#+-%#M&<%",,
h$##(,)*&6)+,(/$)=(%I0&#-
!"99

An initiative of our communications department. Replaced our defunct in-house literary magazine (hence the
funding).

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Mining for gold, and digging really big holes.

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[35:00]

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Most importantly, locational data is an important pivot point for a lot of other
projects.

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40:00

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Strangely enough, weʼve gotten a lot of attention for simply putting these canned searches here on the
right.

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6%5$+$%+&-D(*$%"#$-D(
$+&,)=()5-#--%<#-q(


School for the deaf in Texas.

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?;D;;;n(=#&0-(/0669("$+&-7$%5#,

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We could have done more but we ran out of digitized
menus!

We could have done more but we ran out of digitized
menus!

3)a'G%>#-1)<%5&'&


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?H(Q(5%"()/(5+73'$)0&,
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bI%X+$)%'(+8.('O,7+Y+1#-.


[45:00] OK, enough with the show and tell...

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I think all keynotes should end with this quote! So I’m stealing it for mine ;)

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How can i give up the maximum amount of control?

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http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/id?
1800818

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The digital and the physical are not distinct realms anymore. Especially not with the rise of smartphones. The future’s here and the average person
has pretty well assimilated the web into their everyday life.

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How can i give up the maximum amount of control?

How do I punch more holes in my institution to let the contents leak out? Mining for gold.

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This is a question that I get asked a lot.

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A more amusing way to think about this problem is how to make sure senior
management knows that experimentation is imperative, and we risk falling behind or
becoming irrelevant if we don’t experiment.


We’ve been fortunate in that our management hasn’t needed a lot of convincing. We know there’s
a lot of potential threats out there, and that gives us freedom to try things.

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Altar Gospels. http://exhibitions.nypl.org/treasures/items/show/138


http://www.harlequin.com/store.html?cid=600
(Also, kids, dead trees and newspapers.)


http://touchpress.com/titles/solarsystem

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textﬁles.org

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If I could travel back in time 50 years and take one item to explain 2011, the smartphone
would be it, no contest. We haven’t even remotely begun to process what this is going to
mean.

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http://blogs.publishersweekly.com/blogs/PWxyz/?
p=7288

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Bill Joy (Sun Microsystems)

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I don’t have great answers here.

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We have a rights clearance lawyer who works for the Collections side of the library, not the
Legal Office.

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http://www.nypl.org/audiovideo/rolex-arts-weekend-gilberto-gil-conversation-paul-
holdengraber

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Where we’ve been most successful, it’s where we’ve put passionate librarians and curators in
touch with passionate patrons and gotten the hell out of the way.

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If I can close with a parting thought, whenever I feel overwhelmed with the maginitude of the
task I’m faced with, I think of this quote:

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A keynote speech is not the forum for true exchange of information; a conversation is. I’ve
talked over my allotted time and I still left a lot out. I look forward to speaking with you all
over the next two days.

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