2. Lesson 9. Human Dignity, Rights
and the Common Good
Rights - are the privileges, entitlements,
benefits, and advantages possessed by
an individual by virtue of his being a
human being, or conferred upon the
individual or group by the constitution or
by statutes.
Human Dignity – refers to nobility of
being human, the quality of commanding
esteem, and being treated with honor
and respect as a human person. It gives
the person the feeling of self-worth, self
respect, self-esteem and importance as
a human being.
3. Common Goods – refers to the
common weal, the general welfare,
the general well-being of all members
of the society.
Basic Rights
People all over the world have basic
rights:
1. Right to life
2. Right to liberty
3. Right to property
4. Equal protection
4. Classes of Rights:
1. Natural Rights - Right to life, right to
love
2. Constitutional Rights - Bill of Rights in
the
Constitution.
3. Statutory Rights – Provided by law –
Minimum Wage Law, 8
hour Labor Law.
5. Lesson 10. Social Groups and
Social Organization
Social Group - refers to a collection of
two or more individuals who identify
and socially interact with one another
in a structural way based on shared
values and goals.
Social Organization – refers to a
collectivity of persons with interrelated
and interconnected specific roles or
functions for the pursuit of specific
aims or goals.
6. Types of Social Groups
1. According to Social Ties
a. Primary Group – it is the most
fundamental unit of human society.
Ex. Families, gangs, cliques, play
groups, friendship groups.
b. Secondary Group – it refers to
the groups with which the individual
comes in contact later in life.
Ex. Industrial workers, business
associate, faculty staff, company
employees
7. 2. According to Self-identification
a. In-Group – it is a social units in which
individuals feel at home with which they
identify.
Ex. Such as being poor, being rich, being
tagalog and other social categories.
b. Out-group – it is social unit to which
individuals do not belong due to differences in
certain social categories and with they do not
identify.
Ex. Law abiders, law-violators.
c. Reference group or psychological
group – it refers to the groups to which we
consciously or unconsciously refer when we try
to evaluate our own life situations and behavior.
Ex. Middle class, poor class, upper class
8. 3. According to Purpose
a. Special interest groups – it refers
to groups which are organized to meet the
special interest of the members.
Ex. Hobby groups
b. Task group – it refers to group
assigned to accomplish jobs which cannot
be done by one person.
Ex. Working committee, construction
workers
c. Influence or pressure groups – it
refers to group organized to support or
influence social actions.
Ex. Social movements, campaign groups,
political parties.
9. 4. According to form of Organization
a. Formal groups – they are also called
social organization. They are deliberately
formed, and their purpose and objectives are
explicitly defined. Their goals are clearly stated
and the division of labor is based on members
ability or merit.
Ex. Bureaucracy – refers to a hierarchical
arrangement in large-scale formal
organizations in which parts of the organization
are ordered in the manner of a pyramid based
on a division of function and authority.
b. Informal Groups – arises
spontaneously out of the interactions of two or
more persons.
Ex. Barkadas and gangs
10. Activity
Origin of formulation, formal
organization, membership, goals,
values, and activities.
No man is an island
11. Lesson 11. Marriage, Family and
Kinship
Social Institutions – as an organized
system in which the norms of the
society are organized around a
principal function to achieve the goals
of society.
Marriage – a socially recognized union
between two or more individuals that
typically involves sexual and economic
rights and duties.
Family – human kinds most basic and
oldest social unit.
12. The family organization patterns seen in the society
are based on :
1. Internal Organization
Nuclear Family, Extended Family
2. Descent – it implies family genealogical ties of a
person with particular group of kinship
Bilateral, Patrilineal, matrilineal
3. Residence – this refers to the arrangement on
where the newlyweds will reside.
Patrilocal, matrilocal, neolocal, bilocal
4. Authority – this refers to whom the power and
decision-making is vested in the family.
Patriarchal, matriarchal, equalitarian and
matricentric
WHY PEOPLE MARRY ?
ARE YOU FAVOR TO THE LEGALIZATION OF
SAME SEX MARRIAGE ?
ARE YOU FAVOR TO THE LEGALIZATION OF
DIVORSE IN OUR COUNTRY?
13. Lesson 12. Political and
Leadership Structures
Political Organization – refers to the political structures
ranging from the simple bands to the more complex
states and nations.
1. bands – are the simplest form of political organization.
Ex. Bushment of Africa and the Pygmies, Aetas or Negretos
of the Pre-Spanish Phillipines.
2. Tribes – Political organization larger than bands,
consist of segmentary lineages and loyalty is on family
cluster or ones immediate family and cousins.
3. Chiefdoms – more or less complex organizations
characterized by the incorporation of religion, kinship and
politics
Ex. Mayan political Organization, Political leadership of Datu,
raha, or sultan.
4. States and Nations
Nations – refers to a group of people sharing similar culture
and political history
States – Legal entity composed of territory, population,
sovereignty, and government.
14. Leadership – it is the process of
influencing the thinking, the behavior and
activities of individuals and groups
towards the attainment of group goals in
a given situation. It implies the existence
of particular influence relationship
between two or more persons.
Qualities of a Leader:
Intelligence, Dominance, charisma,
enthusiasm, courage and determination,
self-confidence, high sense of integrity,
tact and diplomacy and involvement.
Who among the world’s Leaders do you
admire most ?
15. Lesson 13. Economic
Institution
Economy – one of the major social
institutions which have significant
implications for the society and culture.
17. Lesson 14. Non-State Institutions
Non-State institutions – refers to organizations,
groups, agencies, entities or socio-political and
cultural forces which provide aids, assistance or
services without having to belong to any state or
established institution.
Bank – is a financial Institution that accepts deposits
from the public and creates credit.
Banking – accepting for the purposes of lending and
investment of deposits of money from the public
repayable on demand, order or otherwise and
withdrawable by cheque, draft or otherwise.
World Bank – is an international financial institution
that provides loans to developing countries from
capital programs. It comprises two institutions: the
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD) and the International
18. International Organization
The United Nations – international
organization. A replacement for the
ineffective League of Nations, the
organization was established on October
24, 1945 after WWII in order to prevent
another such conflict. UN had 51 member
states, there are now 193 members at
Manhattan, New York City.
World Trade Organization – is an
intergovernmental organization which
regulates international trade, the goal is to
help producers of goods and services,
exporters and importers conduct their
business. Located in Geneva, Switzerland
on January 1, 1995,. The current Director
– General is Roberto Azebedo of Brazil.
19. Lesson 15. Educational
Institutions
Education – refers to that deliberately
and consciously planned process of
systematic instruction, schooling, or
training in preparation for life or some
particular task.
Forms of Education:
20.
21. Structure and Governance of the
Philippine Educational System
22. Lesson 16. Religion and Belief
Systems
Religion – is a set of beliefs in
supernatural beings with a set of
doctrines, practices like religious rites and
rituals, symbols which arouse feelings of
reverence which a community shares and
practices. It also provides norms and
patterns of behaviors the members have
to adhere to and uphold.
23. Basic Elements or Components of
Religion:
Sacred Objects – symbolic systems, the
range of objects deemed sacred can vary
widely.
Sacred beliefs – sacred things derive the
meaning from the beliefs that sustain or
underlie them.
Rituals – Sociologists regard rituals as the
visible and symbolic expressions of
religion
Religious community – composed of those
who share common beliefs and practices
about the sacred which bind them together
within a large social whole.
24. Lesson 17. Health
Health – a fundamental factor for ones
longevity, success, happiness, and
general well-being. As the saying goes
“Health is wealth”. The Pursuit of
happiness is based on a sound mind
and a sound body.
Hygiene – refers to the conditions and
practices that help to maintain health
and prevent diseases, especially
cleanliness and sanitation.
25. Specific Health Syndromes in the
Filipino Culture
a. Usog
b. The Animistic belief in aswang,
manananggal, tikbalang, nuno sa
punso, dewending itim, tiyanak and
lamang lupa.
c. kulam
d. barang
e. sapi
f. pasma
g. lihi
26. Traditional medicine – refer to the totality
of the knowledge, skills and practices
based on the theories, beliefs and
experiences indigenous to different
culture.
Alternative Medicine – refers to the
broad set of health care practices that
are not part of that country’s own
tradition and are not integrated to the
dominant health care system.
The WHO declares that every human
beings has the right to health or to the
complete physical, mental, emotional,
social and spiritual well-being.
27. Lesson 18. Social and Political
Stratification, Social Mobility
System and Social Inequality.
The ranking of People is the essence of
stratification – the division of a society
into layers or strata of people who have
unequal amount of scarce but desirable
resources or rewards.
Social Mobility – refers to the movement
of people from one position to another in
the social stratification. It maybe vertical or
horizontal
(career mobility)
(marriage between members belonging to
the same social class)
28. Specific Forms of Social Inequality in
the National and Global Dimensions
29.
30.
31. Lesson 19. Change,
Globalization, and Social
Contradictions and Tensions
The most striking characteristics of the world
we live in is change – constant, accelerating
and ubiquitous! Change is a fact of life.
Everything is subject to change over time, like
the cycle of life and death, of war and peace, of
rise and fall, of shifting forms and structures. As
they saying goes, “Nothing is permanent
except change”.
Social Change - refers to basic alterations,
over time, in the behavior patterns, culture and
structure of society. It is a general term, which
refers to change in the nature, the social
institutions and the social behavior or the social
relations of a society or community of people.
32. The sources of Social Change include the following:
1. Shifting Population
2. Technological Innovation
3. New Ideas and Cultural values
4. Diffusion – refers to the process by which change about as
culture spreads from one society to another through direct or
indirect contact between members of two different cultures.
Acculturation – cultural borrowing and cultural imitation
Ex. The filipinos are said to be the best english-speaking people in
Asia
Assimilation – blending or fusion of two distinct cultures through long
periods of interactions.
Ex. Americanization of Filipino immigrants to the US
Amalgamation – Biological or hereditary fusion of members of different
societies.
Ex. Marriage between a filipino and an american
Enculturation – deliberate infusion of a new culture to another.
Ex. The teaching of American history and Culture to the filipinos
during the early American regime.
5. Colonization
6. Rebellion and Revolutionary movements
33. Globalization – refers to the process of
increasing integration between units
around the world, including nation-
states, households/individuals,
corporation and other organizations.
- the worldwide process
of homogenizing prices, products,
wages, rates of interests and profits. It
relies on three forces for development;
the role of human migration,
international trade and rapid
movements of capital and integration of
financial markets.
34. Social Contradictions and Tensions - the
Philippines is experiencing social
contradictions and tensions brought about by
inter-ethnic conflicts, class struggles, armed
conflicts, terrorism, protests and gender
issues.
1. inter-ethnic conflicts – those which
concern the issue in the conflicts between or
among the ethnic groups, the displacement
of cultural minorities from their ancestral
lands (forested areas, uplands, lowlands, or
coastal areas)
2. Class Struggles – are mainly
economic in nature such as those between
the employees and employers, the capitalists
and the workers
3. Armed Conflicts, Insurgency and
37. Lesson 20. Global Warming and
Climate Change: Transnational
Migration and Overseas Filipino
Workers
Effects of Global warming and Climate
Change
38. In the Philippines, an issue of global
impact is the labor export of our
overseas contract workers (OCW’s) and
other migrant workers. Number of
reports had been made about the
deplorable treatment experienced by
our workers upon the hands of their
foreign masters.
Reasons for Working Abroad;
Filipino migrant workers have their
own reasons for working abroad. The
most common cause for the labor
exodus is financial, for better income
and “greener pasture”.
39. Lesson 21. Responses and
Adaptations to Social, Political
and Cultural Change
Inclusive citizenship – implies that all
citizen in all walks of life no matter the
stations in life they may be, or whatever
gender, creed, color and political affiliation
they belong to. Thus, have the right to
have their voices be heard and the right to
participate in policy formulation and
decision-making process that affect their
security and welfare. This is essentially
and fundamentally “people empowerment”.
40. Citizen Engagement – desired outcome or
logical end of participatory governance that is
evident from the fact that the right to participate in
a society’s decision-making processes has been
accepted by the world community as a
fundamental human right.
Social Media – refers to the technologies,
platforms and services that enable to engage in
communication from one-to-one, one-to-many
and many-to-many.
On the other hand, Social networking is a
platform that allows people to create and maintain
online personal and business relationships. Some
examples include Wechat, LinkedIn and Viber.
Social Movements – is another form of social
behavior which also occurs outside the
institutionalized framework of our everyday life. It
is a “conscious, collective, organized attempt to
bring about or resist large-scale change in the
41. Types of Social Movements
a. Alternative Movements – refer to movements
that aim to achieve some limited but specific change
in individuals
Ex. Religious movements on morality and ethics,
women’s liberation Movement, Greenpeace
b. Redemptive Movements – refer to
movements that also focus on the individual, but they
seek total, not partial change.
Ex. Christian Movement, Couples for Christ
c. Reformation Movements – refer to
movements that emphasize changing society rather
than individuals.
Ex. Civil rights movements, human rights
movements, propagandas movements, kilusang
bagong lipunan.
d. Transformative Movements – refer to
movements that aim at total change in the existing
social order.
42. POSTER MAKING
HUMSS PLATO – social
networking
HUMSS ARISTOTLE – climate
change
ICT FORTRAN – Globalization
GAS OBEDIENCE – social inequality
GAS INTELLIGENCE – health issues
ABM MARK Z. – religion/belief
system
ABM JACKMA – education
ABM BILLGATES – human rights
HUMSS FRIEDRICH – gender issues
ICT KONRAD – Politics
