3. The Scientific Revolution
Learning Outcomes
1. Discuss the theories and contributions of
Copernicus, Galileo, Bacon, and Newton, with
regards to the Scientific Revolution.
2. Explore how a shift in thinking took place from
the “old science” perspective to the “new
science” perspective when attempting to
explain the physical world.
3. Design a Scientific Revolution billboard that
advertises and promotes the following:
Geocentric Theory, Heliocentric Theory,
Galileo’s Telescope, and Newton’s Law of
Gravity.
6. Old Ideas From Greece, Rome & Church
Galileo’s Telescope Explores Universe
Old Idea = Geocentric or Earth Centered
Navigation, Explorers Help Fuel Sci. Rev
Copernicus= Heliocentric: Sun Centered
Scientific Instruments, Medicine, Body
Isaac Newton’s Laws of Gravity
Bacon: Experiment - Descartes: Math
Scientific Method: Way of Testing Ideas
A “New Science” Changes Views of the Physical World
The Scientific Revolution
8. Old Science New Science
Scholars generally
relied on ancient
authorities, church
teachings, common
sense, and
reasoning to
explain the physical
world.
In time, scholars
began to use
observation,
experimentation,
and scientific
reasoning to gather
knowledge and
draw conclusions
about the physical
world.
9. Activity Directions:
1. Create a billboard sign for
each of the Scientific
Revolution events or
concepts listed on the left.
2. Your billboard should
advertise for the
acceptance of that
particular idea.
3. Include a brief slogan or
title on your billboard.
4. Be neat, Add Color.
14. The Enlightenment in Europe
Learning Outcomes
1. Explain how a revolution in intellectual
activity changed Europeans’ view of
government and society.
2. Build an Enlightenment Thinkers Chart that
explores the contributions of key figures
from the era.
3. Organize the views of various Philosophers
by creating an illustrated graphic organizer
that summarizes Enlightenment concepts
and ideas.
17. Humans have the
ability to use reason
and logic.
Time for people to
focus on the worldly
here and now.
Use reason to find
laws the govern the
physical world.
If we can find laws
that govern nature,
then can we find laws
that govern HUMAN
NATURE?
If all problems in
society can be solved,
then we can create a
heaven here on earth!
18. Enlightenment = The Age of Reason
Montesquieu: Checks and Balances
Hobbes: Social Contract - Monarchy
Locke: Life, Lib, Prop. Gov Protect Right
Voltaire: Freedom of Religion & Speech
Progress, Secular World, Individual
Wollstonecraft: Women’s Equality
Beccaria: Punishment Fit the Crime
Rousseau: Direct Democracy-Soc. Cont.
Reason, Thought, and the Power of the Individual
The Enlightenment in Europe
20. Next to each of the philosophers, draw a visual representation of each of their ideas. Finally,
give your visual a one or two word title to represent that image/philosopher.
Hobbes
Locke
Voltaire
MontesquieuRousseau
Beccaria
Wollstonecraft
Cycle of
Enlightenment
Philosophers
25. The Enlightenment Spreads
Learning Outcomes
1. Understand how Enlightenment ideas spread
through the Western world and discuss how
those ideas profoundly impacted government
and the arts.
2. Show how Enlightenment ideas laid the
foundation for the U.S. Constitution by
examining the document and creating a two
column visual.
3. Construct a birthday poster for the United
States. Include quotes and visuals that
demonstrate key Enlightenment ideals on
which the nation was founded.
28. Ideas Spread Through Salons
Classical Music Emerges (Beethoven)
Denis Diderot Creates Encyclopedia
Literate Middle Class Reads Ideas
From Baroque to Neoclassical (Simple)
Catherine the Great: Beccaria, Rouss.
Joseph II: Freedom of Press, No Serfs
Frederick the Great: Education, Religion
Enlightened Despot: Monarch w/ Rights
New Ideas on Equality and Rights Expand
The Enlightenment Spreads
29. Enlightenment Idea U.S. Constitution
John Locke: Government’s power
comes from consent of the people
-Preamble begins “we the people”.
-Creates representative government
-Limits government powers
Montesquieu: Separation of Powers -Federal system of government
-Powers divided among 3 branches
-System of checks and balances
Rousseau: Direct Democracy -Public elects president & Congress
Voltaire: Free speech and religion -Bill of Rights provides for freedom
of speech and religion
Beccaria: Accused have rights -Bill of Rights protects rights of
accused and prohibits cruel and
unusual punishment
30. Activity Directions
Create a birthday poster to
present to the United States
this July 4th
.
Your poster should include
images or quotes that
demonstrate the ideals upon
which the nation was
founded.
Use examples from your
“Enlightenment Influence in
American Revolution” chart
in your birthday card.
