This document provides an overview of key concepts in Spanish grammar including the differences between ser and estar, conjugation of preterite and future verb tenses, imperfect tense, irregular verbs, common trigger words that indicate tense, uses of por vs para, connector words, verbs like gustar, and forming comparatives and superlatives. It covers topics such as verb conjugation, tense usage, irregular verb patterns, demonstrative adjectives, and other common grammar structures in Spanish.

1. Spanish Grammar Mateo McCauley

2. Table of Contents Ser v. Estar Ser v. Estar Future Preterite Conjugation Car, Gar, Zar Snake Snakey Imperfect Imperfect Irregulars Spock Verbs Cucaracha Verbs Trigger Words Preterite v. Imperfect Future Future Irregulars Trigger Worsd Demonstrative Adjectives Por/Para Connector Words Verbs Like Gustar Comparisons/Superlatives

3. Ser vs. Estar Ser-to be Estar-to be Estar is a temporary form of “to be”, while ser is a more permanent form. Ser is used when talking about: time, events, possession, occupations, characteristics, dates, events, origin, and relationships. Estar is used when talking about: present progressive, health, emotions, location, and present condition.

5. Tú estas en México. (you are in Mexico)

6. Miguel esta muy cansado. (Miguel is very tired)

8. Conjugation of Preterites -ER/-IR -AR

9. -Car, -Gar, -Zar These irregular preterite verbs change in the “yo” form. -Car: -qué -Gar: -gué -Zar: -cé Jugar: Jugué Almorzar: Almorcé Buscar: Busqué

10. Snake Verbs Snake verbs are verbs that change in the third person preterite.

11. Snakey Verbs Verbsthatchangewhenthere are threevowels in a row. Leer-Leyó Oír- Oyó

12. Imperfect Tense The imperfect tense is the preterite that is used when there is no specific beginning and ending of an event.

13. Imperfect Irregulars

14. Spock verbs Ir/Ser: Fui, Fuiste, Fue, Fuimos, Fueron Dar/Ver: Di, Diste, Dio, Dimos, Dieron Vi, Viste, Vio, Vimos, Vieron Hacer Hice, Hiciste, Hizo, Hicimos, Hicieron

15. Cucaracha Verbs Prefix: Andar: Anduv- Estar: Estuv- Poder: Pud- Poner: Pus- Querer: Quis- Saber: Sup- Tener: Tuv- Venir: Vin- Conducir: Conduj- Producir: Produj- Traducir-Traduj- Decir: Dij- Traer: Traj- Suffix -e -iste -o -imos ieron

16. Trigger Words Preterite Imperfect Ayer El año pasado Anteayer La semana pasada El mes pasado El otro día El noche pasado Nunca Siempre Frecuentemente Mucho Cada día

17. Preterite v. Imperfect

18. Future Tense A verb in its future tense is used to talk about the future In order to conjugate a verb into future tense, attach a suffix to the infinitive Nadar: Nadará (He will swim) Ir + a + infinitive Voy a comprar (I will go buy)

19. Future Irregulars Cabr- Pondr- Dir- Habr- Saldr- Har- Podr- Tendr- Querr- Valdr- Sabr- Vendr-

20. Trigger Words Mañana: tomorrow La próxima semana: nextweek Próximo mes: nextmonth Próximo ayer: nextyear

21. Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative adjectives answer the question “which one”. They agree in gender and number and precede the noun.

22. Demonstrative Adjectives Contd.

23. Por v. Para Passing through (portal) General location (portugal) How long something lasts (porever) The cause of something An exchange (im/export) In place of something else (I’m por, pay for me) Transportation For whom something is done (para-tay) Destination (Paraguay) Purpose for which something is done Express an opinion Comparison (comparacion) Deadline (paramedic) Por Para

24. Connector Words Aunque: eventhough Mientras: while Por lo tanto: therefore También: also A pesar de: in spite of Pero: but Sin embargo/ no obstante: nevertheless

25. Verbs like Gustar Aburrir: to bore Encantar: Faltar: tofail Fascinar: tofascinate Importar: tobeimportant Interesar: tointerest Molestar: tohate Doler: tohurt Disgustar: todisgust Preocupar: toworry Apetecer: tocrave

26. Comparatives/Superlatives Usedto compare twothings Mariah es menos baja que Peyton. (Mariah isnot as tall as Peyton.) Mariah es más joven que Peyton. (Mariah is younger then Peyton.) Más que/Menos que Mejor que/Peor que Mayor/Menor que Tan como