1. Introduction to Computers

2. How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
Produces and stores results
Next
 An extremely fast electronic device operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory which processes data into useful
information.
Processes data into
information
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols

3. Basic Characteristics of a Computer
 Fast Electronic Device
 Can remember information &
retain it future use
 Programmable

4. Special Characteristics of a Computer
 Speed
 Accuracy
 Diligence
 Storage

5. Uses In Today’s Society
Why Do We Use
Computers?

6. Education
 Students use software to
aid in learning and
completing assignments
 Delivery of education may
come via computer
 Many books come
equipped with educational
software as well.

7. Health Care
 Computers are used to
maintain patient’s records
 Computers monitor vital
signs
 Computers assist with
research
 There are many
computerized devices that
are implanted into
patients that allow them to
live longer

8. Travel
 Aids in providing
directions
 Provides emergency
services when pressing an
emergency button
 Dispatches roadside
assistance
 Tracks a vehicle if it is
stolen
 Honk the horn for
assistance with location

9. Government
 Most government offices
have websites for citizens
to access
 Computers are able to file
taxes, store drivers
licenses, or apply for
certain permits
 Government agency
employees use computers
in their daily activities
 FBI posts criminal
information on its website

10. What are the Components of a Computer?
10

11. What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
Next
 Input
 Process
 Output
 Storage
 Communication

12. The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
 Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
Next
_____

13. The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
 Hardware that
conveys
information
to a user
Next
______

14. The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
Next
 Box-like case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data

15. The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a microprocessor (ALU & control unit)
Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do
Next
Memory
Temporary holding place for data and instructions

16. The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
p. 1.06
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
Next
 Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use

17. The Components of a Computer
Storage media:
p. 7 Next
Floppy Disks
(older media)
Memory Cards
DVDs
(DVD-R, DVD-RW)
CDs
(CD-R, CD-RW)
Hard Disks
(up to 1 TB)
USB Flash Drives

18. Computer Input: What Is Input?
What is input?
p. 5.02 and 5.04 Fig. 5-1 Next
 An Input device is
any hardware
component used
to enter data or
instructions
 Keyboard, mouse,
stylus, scanner,
digital camera,
voice input
 Data or instructions entered into the
memory of a computer

19. p. 5.3 Fig. 5-2
What Is Input?
What are two types
of input?
Data
 A collection of
raw
unprocessed
facts, figures,
and symbols
Instructions
 Programs
 Commands
 User responses
DATA
Bradley Kinkade 42 hours $12.50 per hour
hard disk
INSTRUCTIONS

20. What Is Input?
What are the two types of input?
p. 5.02 Fig. 5-2 Next
 Unprocessed text,
numbers, images,
audio, and video
 Instructions
 Programs
 Commands
 User responses
 Data

21. The Keyboard
How is the keyboard divided?
p. 5.04 Fig. 5-3 Next
 Typing area
 Numeric keypad
 Function keys, special
keys that issue
commands
 CD/DVD controls
 Internet controls
 Windows control keys

22. The Keyboard
What are other types of keyboards?
p. 5.06 Fig. 5-6 Next
 Cordless keyboard is battery-powered
and transmits data using
wireless technology
 Notebook and many
handheld computers
have built-in keyboards

23. The Keyboard
What is an ergonomic keyboard?
Next
 Designed to minimize strain on hands and wrists
 Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety
into design of items in workplace

24. Mouse
What is a mouse?
Next
 Pointing device that fits under palm of hand
 Pointing device controls
movement of pointer, also
called mouse pointer
 Mechanical mouse
has rubber or metal
ball on underside
mouse buttons
wheel
button
mouse pad
ball

25. Mouse
What is an optical mouse?
Next
 No moving mechanical
parts inside
 Senses light to detect
mouse’s movement
 More precise than
mechanical mouse
 Connects using a
cable, or wireless

26. Other Pointing Devices
What is a trackball?
p. 5.10 Fig. 5-12 Next
 Stationary pointing device
with a ball on its top
 To move pointer, rotate ball
with thumb, fingers, or palm
of hand

27. Other Pointing Devices
What are a touchpad and a
pointing stick?
Next
 Touchpad is small, flat,
rectangular pointing device
sensitive to pressure and motion
 Pointing stick is pointing device
shaped like pencil eraser
positioned between keys on
keyboard
 Some computers have both.

28. Other Pointing Devices
What are a joystick and a wheel?
p. 5.11 Fig. 5-15 Next
 Joystick is vertical
lever mounted
on a base
 Wheel is
steering-wheel-type
input device
 Pedal simulates
car brakes and
accelerator

29. Other Pointing Devices
What is a light pen?
Next
 Handheld input device
that can detect light
 Press light pen against
screen surface and then
press button on pen
 Can be used in work
areas where employees’
hands may contain dirt,
grease, chemicals, etc.

30. Other Pointing Devices
What is a touch screen?
Next
 Touch areas of screen with
finger
 Often used with kiosks
 A finger breaks the plane of
an electronic grid on the
screen to signal the touch
point.

31. Other Pointing Devices
What is a stylus?
Next
artist using pen
civil engineer using cursor
 Looks like a ballpoint pen, but
uses pressure to write text and
draw lines
 Used with graphics tablets,
flat electronic boards
 Electronic signaturec—clegal
signature created using special
software, stylus, and graphics
tablet

32. Other Pointing Devices
Where is a stylus used?
Next
Digital pen for Tablet PC
Stylus for PDA
Pen for computer monitor
 Some desktop computers
 Many mobile computers
and devices
 Handwriting recognition
software translates
handwriting into characters
that computer can process

33. Voice Input
How does voice recognition work?
Next
Step 2. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) translates
sound waves into digital measurements computer can
process. Measurements include pitch, volume, silences, and
phonemes. Phonemes are sound units such as aw and guh.
10010111010110101100001101
Step 3. Software compares
spoken measurements with those
in its database to find a match or
list of possible matches.
Matches
Step 4. To narrow a list down, software presents user with
a list of choices or uses a natural language component to
predict most likely match. User may correct any selection
made by software.
Natural Language Engine
Step 1. A user dictates text into a microphone.

34. Voice Input
What is a MIDI (musical instrument
digital interface)?
Next
 External device, such as
electronic piano keyboard, to
input music and sound effects

35. Input Devices for Mobile Users
What is a virtual keyboard?
Next
 Projects infrared image
of keyboard onto any
flat surface

36. Digital Cameras
What is a digital camera?
Next
 Allows you to take
digital pictures
 Images viewable
immediately on
camera
 Download to
computer via USB
cable connection
 Post pictures
to Web sites

37. Digital Cameras
What is resolution?
Next
 Sharpness and clarity of image
 The higher the resolution, the better the image
quality, but the more expensive the camera
 Pixel (picture element)
is single point in
electronic image
 Greater the number of
pixels, the better the
image quality

38. Video Input
What is video input?
Next
 Process of entering full-motion images
into computer
 Video capture card is
adapter card that converts
analog video signal into
digital signal that
computer can use
 Digital video (DV)
camera records video as
digital signals

39. Video Input
What are a PC video camera and a Web cam?
Next
 PC video camerac—cDV camera used to capture video
and still images, and to make
video telephone calls on Internet
 Also called PC camera
 Web camc—cvideo camera
whose output displays on
a Web page

40. Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a scanner?
Next
Flatbed
Pen or
Handheld
Sheet-fed
Drum
 Light-sensing device that
reads printed text and
graphics
 Used for image processing,
converting paper documents
into electronic images

41. Scanners and Reading Devices
How does a flatbed scanner
work?
p. 5.25 Fig. 5-33 Next
Step 2. Bright light moves underneath
scanned document.
Step 3. Image of the document is
reflected into a series of mirrors.
Step 1. Document to be scanned is
placed face down on the glass window.
Step 6. Users can print image,
e-mail it, include it in a document,
or place it on a Web page.
Step 4. Light is
converted to analog
electrical current that
is converted to
digital signal by an
analog-to-digital
converter (ADC).
Step 5. Digital information is sent to
memory in the computer to be used by
illustration, desktop publishing, or
other software; or it is stored on disk.

42. Scanners and Reading Devices
What is an optical reader?
Next
 Optical character recognition
(OCR) reads characters in
OCR font
 Optical mark recognition
(OMR) reads hand-drawn pencil
marks, such as small circles
 Bar code scanner
 Device that uses light source to read characters, marks,
and codes and then converts them into digital data

43. Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a bar code scanner?
p. 5.27 Fig. 5-36 Next
 Uses laser beams to read bar codes

44. Scanners and Reading Devices
What is a bar code?
p. 5.27 Fig. 5-37 Next
 Identification code that consists of a set of vertical
lines and spaces of different widths
 Universal Product
Code (UPC)

45. Scanners and Reading Devices
What are some widely used bar codes?
p. 5.28 Fig. 5-38 Next

46. What is a magnetic-ink character recognition
(MICR) reader?
Scanners and Reading Devices
p. 5.29 Fig. 5-39 Next
 Can read text printed with magnetized ink
 Banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR
for check
processing

47. Terminals
What is a point of sale (POS) terminal?
p. 5.30 Fig. 5-41 Next
 Records purchases,
processes credit or debit
cards, and updates inventory
 Swipe credit or debit card
through card readerc—creads
customer’s personal data
from magnetic strip

48. Terminals
What is an automatic teller machine (ATM)?
p. 5.31 Fig. 5-42 Next
 Self-service banking machine that connects to host
computer through network

49. Biometric Input
What is biometrics?
p. 5.32 Fig. 5-45 Next
 Authenticates person’s identity by
verifying personal characteristic
 Fingerprint scanner captures
curves and indentations of
fingerprint
 Hand geometry system measures
shape and size of person’s hand

50. Next
p. 6.2 Fig. 6-1
Computer Output: What is Output?
What is output?
Data that has been processed
into a useful form, called
information
A computer generates
several types of output Text
Audio
Video
Graphics

51. Next
What is Output?
What is text?
Consists of characters that create words, sentences,
and paragraphs
What is a graphic?
 Also called a graphical image
 A digital representation of
non-text information such as
a drawing, chart, and
photograph

52. Next
p. 6.3 Fig. 6-1
What is Output?
What is audio?
Music, speech, or any
other sound
What is video?  Consists of full-
motion images
that are played
back a various
speeds
 Most video also
has accompanying
audio

53. Next
What are Output Devices?
What is an output device?
Any hardware component that can convey information to a user
printer
monitor speakers

54. Next
p. 6.4
Display Devices
What is a display device?
Also called a display
An output device that
visually conveys text,
graphics, and video
information

55. Contains a cathode ray tube
(CRT), a large sealed, glass
screen
The screen is coated with tiny
dots of phosphor material
A pixel, or picture element, is a
single point in an electronic
image
Three dots (red, blue, and
green) combine to make up
each pixel
Next
p. 6.5 Fig. 6-3
Display Devices
What is a CRT monitor?
screen
CRT monitor
cathode ray tube

56. Next
p. 6.5
Display Devices
What are typical sizes for CRT monitors?
15, 17, 19, 21, and 22 inches
Monitor measured
diagonally from one
corner of the casing to
the other
The viewable size is the
diagonal measurement
of the actual viewing
area provided by the
monitor

57. Next
p. 6.5 Fig. 6-4
Display Devices
What is a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor?
A type of flat-panel display
Uses liquid crystals between
two sheets of material to
present information on a
screen
An electric current passes
though the crystals which
creates the images on the
screen

58. Display Devices
What are some devices that have LCD screens?
p. 6.09 Fig. 6.10 Next
 Notebooks
 Tablet PCs
 PDAs
 Smart phones
 Mobiles

59. Next
p. 6.6 Fig. 6-5
Display Devices
Where are some features of LCD screens?
Lightweight and compact
Consume less than one-
third of the power than
does a CRT monitor
Come in a variety of sizes
Ideal for notebook and
handheld computers

60. 800 x 600
typically the
standard
Next
p. 6.8
Display Devices
What is display resolution?
Describes the sharpness and clearness of an image
Resolution of a display device stated as dots, or pixels
1280 x 1024
maximum resolution
of most monitors
800
horizontal
pixels
600 vertical
pixels
Total of 480,000
pixels on screen
2048 x 1536
maximum for
high-end monitors

61. Step 1
Step 1
Step 2
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 1
Step 2
Step 4
Step 3
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 1
Next
p. 6.10 Fig. 6-10
Display Devices
How does video travel from
the processor to a CRT
monitor?

62. Next
p. 6.12 Fig. 6-14
Printers
What is a printer?
An output device that
produces text and
graphics on a physical
medium such as paper or
transparency film
A hard copy, or printout,
exists physically
Two orientations
portrait
orientation
landscape
orientation

63. Printers
What is a dot-matrix printer?
p. 6.14 Fig. 6-17 Next
 Impact printer that produces printed images
when tiny wire pins strike ribbon
 Impact printer forms
characters by striking
mechanism against inked
ribbon that contacts paper

64. Printers
What is a line printer?
p. 6.14 Fig. 6-18 Next
 High-speed impact printer
that prints entire line
at a time
 Speed measured in lines
per minute (lpm)
 Band printer prints fully
formed characters using a
hammer mechanism
 Shuttle-matrix printer is
high-speed printer that
works like dot-matrix
printer

65. Printers
What is an ink-jet printer?
p. 6.15 Fig. 6-19 Next
 A type of nonimpact printer that
sprays tiny drops of liquid ink
onto paper
 Nonimpact printer forms
characters and graphics without
striking paper
 Prints in black-and-white or color
on a variety of paper types

66. Printers
What is the resolution of a printer?
p. 6.16 Fig. 6-20 Next
 Sharpness and clarity
 Measured by number of dots per inch (dpi) printer
can output

67. Printers
How does an ink-jet printer work?
p. 6.17 Fig. 6-21 Next
Step 1. A small
resistor heats the
ink, causing the
ink to boil and
form a vapor
bubble.
Step 2. The
vapor bubble
forces the ink
through the
nozzle.
Step 3. Ink
drops onto the
paper.
Step 4. As the vapor bubble
collapses, fresh ink is drawn into
the firing chamber.
Click to view Web Link,
then click Ink-Jet Printers
below Chapter 6
print cartridge
print head
nozzle
firing
chamber
nozzle
bubble
resistor
ink ink ink dot
paper

68. Printers
What is a photo printer?
p. 6.17 Fig. 6-22 Next
Step 2. Insert
media card into
card reader on
photo printer.
Step 3. Use menu to
select desired image to
print, view it on LCD
screen, edit if necessary,
select size of the print,
and then print image.
Step 4. Remove printed photo
from the printer.
 Color printer that produces photo-lab-quality pictures
Click to view
Web Link, then
click Photo Printers
below Chapter 6
media cards
photo
printer
Click to view video
Step 1. Take photograph with
digital camera and store it on
media card in the camera.
media card

69. Printers
What is a laser printer?
p. 6.19 Fig. 6-23 Next
 High-speed, high-quality
nonimpact printer
Click to view Web Link,
then click Laser Printers
below Chapter 6
 Prints text and graphics in very
high-quality resolution,
ranging from 600 to 2,400 dpi
 Typically costs more than
ink-jet printer, but is much
faster

70. Printers
How does a laser printer work?
p. 6.20 Fig. 6-24 Next
Step 1. After user sends an
instruction to print a document,
drum rotates as gears and rollers
feed sheet of paper into printer.
Step 3. Laser beam creates
a charge that causes toner to
stick to drum.
Step 4. As drum continues to
rotate and press against paper,
toner transfers from drum to
paper.
Step 5. Set of rollers
uses heat and pressure
to permanently fuse
toner to paper.
Step 2. Rotating mirror deflects
low-powered laser beam across
surface of drum.

71. Printers
What is a label printer?
p. 6.21 Fig. 6-27 Next
 Small printer that prints on adhesive-type material
 Postage printer has built-in digital scale and prints
postage stamps
 Most also print bar codes

72. Printers
What is a plotter?
p. 6.22 Fig. 6-28 Next
 Sophisticated printer used to produce high-quality
drawings
 Large-format printer creates photo-realistic-quality
color prints

73. Printers
What is wireless printing?
p. 6.22 Fig. 6-29 Next
 Output transmitted to printer wirelessly via infrared
light waves or radio waves
 BluetoothTM printing uses radio waves
 Devices need to be within 30-foot range
Click to view Web Link,
then click Wireless Printing
below Chapter 6

74. Speakers and Headsets
What is an audio output device?
p. 6.23 Figs. 6-30–6-31 Next
 Computer component that produces music, speech, or
other sounds
 Speakers and headsets are common devices
subwoofer
speakers
Click to view Web Link,
then click Speakers
and Headsets
below Chapter 6

75. Other Output Devices
What is a facsimile (fax) machine?
p. 6.25 Fig. 6-33 Next
 Device that transmits and receives documents over
telephone lines

76. Other Output Devices
What is a fax modem?
p. 6.25 Fig. 6-34 Next
 Modem that allows you to send and receive electronic
documents as faxes
external fax
modem
internal fax card
in system unit
fax machine
Click to view Web Link,
then click Fax Modems
below Chapter 6

77. Other Output Devices
What is a multifunction peripheral?
p. 6.26 Fig. 6-35 Next
 Provides functionality
of printer, scanner,
copy machine, and
fax machine
Click to view Web Link,
then click Multifunction
Peripherals below Chapter 6

78. Other Output Devices
What is a data projector?
p. 6.26 Fig. 6-36 Next
 Device that takes image
from computer screen
and projects it onto
larger screen