1.

-Originated as a study in Europe in the latter part
of the 19th century (1870s)
-Early pioneers: -Wilhelm Wundt 1832-1920
-Sigmund Freud 1856-1939
-Paul Pierre Broca 1824-1880
-Jean Piaget 1896-1980
-Carl Gustav Jung 1875-1961
Origins of Psychology

2.

Pierre Paul Broca
-Lived 1824-1880
-French national
-Held many university
positions, all in the
medical field
-Most notably as professor of
surgical pathology at the
University of Paris

3.

Pierre Paul Broca
-Broca’s Area of the brain
-Associated with:
-Articulated language
-Language processing
-Speech production
-Comprehension

4.

Jean Piaget
-Lived 1896-1980
-Swiss national
-Psychologist
-Philosopher

5.

4 Stages of Development
Jean Piaget and the Theory
of Cognitive Development

6.

Broca and Piaget:
Who Cares?
Legacy:
-Broca: Study and
evolution of psychology
and brain function
-Piaget: Advances of the
studies of psychology and
cognitive
development, and
education.

7.

Sigmund Freud (1856-
1939)

8.

Freud’s impact on European
Society
Established the theory that the
unconscious motives control
much of human behavior

9.

Freud’s Impact on European Art
Movement
 Freud’s theories influenced surrealism
Freud performed psychoanalysis
which was like the concept of many
paintings
 Exploring the inner depths of the
unconscious mind

10.

Freud’s Theories
The unconscious plays a large role
in shaping someone’s behavior

11.

Freud’s Form of Therapy
 Psychoanalysis is a technique of therapy
 Free association- basic method of transference of
information
 The patient, lays down and says whatever comes to
mind
 Catharsis- the sudden release of emotion

12.

Freud’s Division of the
Brain
Freud believed that the brain was
divided into three different parts
The Id (unconscious self)
The Ego (conscious self)
The Superego
Thought everyone was born with
certain natural drives which he called
instincts

13.

Freud’s Sexual Stages of
Development
Freud said that the sex drive is the most
important motivating force
He created a psychosexual stage theory
with stages starting from infancy until
adulthood
Stages:
Oral Stage (Birth - 18 months)
Anal stage (18 months - 3 or 4 years old)
Phallic Stage (3 or 4 years old - 7 years old)
Latency Stage (as young as 5 years - puberty)
Genital Stage (puberty -> )

14.

From The Interpretation of
Dreams, 1900
The interpretation of dreams is
the royal road to a knowledge of
the unconscious activities of the
mind.
-- Sigmund Freud

15.

 Reflected the spirit of the early 20th century, with its
emphasis on greedy irrational creatures
 Became an international movement by 1910 and
received popular attention after 1918, esp in
Protestant countries in N. Europe & the U.S.
 Shattered the enlightenment view of rationality and
progress
Impact

16.

Surrealism
The practice of producing
fantastic imagery or effects
in art, literature, film, or
theater by means of
unnatural or irrational
juxtapositions and
combinations.
Approaching Puberty (1921) Max Ernst
Mixed Media

17.

“Surrealism is not a style. It is the cry of a mind turning
back on itself.”
Antonin Artaud

18.

“Surrealism sought
communication with the
irrational and
illogical, deliberately
disorienting and reorienting
the conscious, by means of
the unconscious.”
The Anti-Pope (1942) Max Ernst
Oil on Canvas

19.
The art world had been
forever changed by the
visions bequeathed from
the omnipotence of the
dream world.
Giraffe on Fire (1937) Salvador Dalí
Oil on Canvas

20.

Jean Martin-Charcot
and
Sigmund Freud
Meditation on the Harp (1932-1934)
Salvador Dalí
Oil on Canvas
Jean Martin-Charcot was
Sigmund Freud’s
teacher, and had a great deal
of influence over Freud, and
the course of study he
undertook regarding the
study of the human mind.

21.

Untitled (Tamara Toumanova), (1940)
Joseph Cornell
Mixed Media Collage
Freud practiced self analysis, and
over time became overwhelmed
with the “power of the imaginary
and the sway of pictures that came
to dominate” his conscious
thoughts.

22.

The mind which plunges into Surrealism, relives with
burning excitement the best part of childhood.
ANDRE BRETON, Surrealist Manifesto, 1924

23.

The Robing of the Bride (1940)
Max Ernst Oil on Canvas
“Dreams provide a
continuous, symbolic
commentary in our internal
psychological (and sometimes
physical) functions whenever
language fails to convey a
particular inner
experience, dream imagery can
capture it vividly and
authentically…”

24.

Metamorphosis of Narcissus (1936-1937) Salvador Dalí Oil on Canvas

25.

“Conceptualizing dream imagery as a metaphorical
narrative is analogous to understanding the
underlying meaning of an abstract painting.”
Myron L. Gluckman M.D.

26.

While we now have a better
understanding of the inner
workings of the unconscious
mind, much of it is still
speculation.
Carte Blanche (1965) René Magritte
Oil on Canvas