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The branch of agriculture that deal with the feeding caring & breeding
of domestic animal is called animal husbandry. Husbanding means to
use a resource carefully & without waste. Thus, animal farming or
animal husbandry requires planning for domestic animals shelter
breeding health disease control &proper economic utlisation. Our
domestic animals or livestock includes those animals which are raised
for farming, e.g., cattle(cow ,bull or ox), buffalo, yak ,horse ,ass, goat,
sheep, camel etc.
As the population increase &as living standard increase, the demand
for milk egg & meat is also going up .also ,the growing awareness of
the need for humane treatment of livestock has brought in limitation
in livestock farming. Thus, livestock production also needs to be
improved.
Cattle husbandry is done for two purposes-
Milk &draught labor for agricultural work such as tilling,
irrigation & carting. Indian cattle belong two different species
, Bos indicus, cow,& Bos bubalius , buffaloes. Milk-producing
females are called milch animal (dairy animal),while the ones
used for farm labour are called draught animals.



Buffalo is most productive economic animal. Along, buffalo milk
is richer in fat, tocopherol (vitamin E),protein, calcium
,phosphorus, contain low sodium potassium cholesterol. Buffalos
milk is ideal for making milk product such as khoa ,rabri, dhai
ghee, etc., is always in great demand. Certain vitamins such as
vitamins A&D are also present in milk
The requirement of proper cleaning & shelter for cow & buffaloes is must due
two reasons (1).for the production of clean milk; (2)for the heath of animal.
Both cow & buffalo require regular brushing to remove dirt & loose hairs. They
should be sheltered under well-ventilated roofed sheds that protect them fro
rain ,heat, cold. The floor of the cattle shed needs to be sloping so as to stay
dry & to facilitate cleaning.
The requirements of dairy animals are of two type;
Maintenance requirements: the food is required by the animal to perform the
basic function of life.
Milk producing requirement: it include the type of food require during lactation
period .
Cow & buffalo suffer from various diseases. The diseases adversely affect
     the production of milk & causes mortality of sick animal .




                                                        Skin diseases
The poultry farming industry with its production in the form of egg & meat
 is of particular importance in providing a balanced diet for the human
 population. The word poultry has originated from the old French word
 ‘poult’ means chickens the young one common domestic fowl. So this
 word should have been used only for domestication of chicken or fowls.
 However, poultry also includes ducks ,geese , turkeys , guinea-fowls and
 pigeons .poultry is the choice of million has staple food world over. In our
 country also chicken and egg are choiced poultry products of large section
 of non-vegetarian population, since it serve as a cheep source of animal
 protein. India is the fifth largest country in the world in poultry production
 after china , former USSR,USA and Japan.
                           VARITY IMPROVEMENT
The programmes of cross breeding between Indian &foreign breeds for
verity improvement are focused to developed new varieties for the following
desirable traits:
1. Quantity &quality of chicks;
2. Dwarf broiler parent for commercial chick production for summer
   adaptation capacity/ tolerance to high temperature;
3. Low maintenance requirement;
4.Reduction in the size of the layer with ability to utilize more , cheap diet
   formulated using agricultural by products.
Broiler chicken are fed with vitamin-rich supplementary feed for good
growth rate & better feed efficiency. care is taken to avoid mortality & to
maintain feathering &carcass quality. They are produced as broiler & sent to
market for meat purposes.




For good production of poultry bird s good management practices are
  important. These includes maintenance of temperature & hygienic
 condition in house & poultry feed, as well as prevention & control of
diseases & pests. The housing nutritional &environmental requirement
of broiler are somewhat different from those of egg layers. The ration
 (daily food requirement) for broiler is protein rich with adequate fat.
       The level of vitamins A& K is kept high in the poultry feed.
Poultry fowl suffer from a number of diseases caused by
virus, Bactria fungi, parasites, as well as from nutritional
deficiencies. These necessitate proper cleaning, sanitation,
spraying of disinfectants at regular intervals. Appropriate
vaccination can prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases
& reduce loss of poultry during an outbreak of diseases.


                     Birds suffering
                   from skin disease
Fish is an important aquatic food which is rich in proteins. A large
section of Indian population uses fish food , particularly the one
living in coastal area. It is highly nutritious & easily digestible .fish
can be used for eradicating problem of malnutrition.

     There are two ways of obtaining fish. one is from the natural
 resource , which is called capture fishing. the other way is by fish
     farming , which is called cultural fishery.

The water source of the fish can be either sea water or fresh water
, such as in rivers & ponds. Fishing can be done both by capture &
culture of fish in marine & freshwater ecosystem.


 India's marine fishery resources include 7500km of coastline & the deep
seas beyond it. popular marine fish verities include pomphret, mackerel,
tuna sardines,& Bombay duck. Marine fish are caught using many kind of
   fishing nets from fishing boats. Yield are increased by locating large
  schools of fish in the open sea using satellites & echo-sounders .some
    marine fish of high economic value are also farmed in seawater.
Fresh water resources includes canal, pond, reservoirs & river. brackish
water resources, where sea water &fresh water mix together, such as
estuaries & lagoons are also important fish reservoirs. While capture
fishing is also done in such inland water bodies, the yield is not high.
Most fish production from these resources is through aquaculture.
Fish culture is sometimes done in combination with a rice crop, so that
fish are grown in the water in the paddy field. More intensive fish
farming can be done in composite fish culture system. Both local &
imported fish species are used in such system.
In such system , a combination of five or six fishes spices is used in a
single fishpond. These species are selected so that they do not
compete for food habits. As a result, the food available in all the part
of the pond is used & this increase the fish yield from the pond.
One problem with such composite culture is that many of these fish breed
only during monsoon. Even if fish seed is collected from the wild , it can be
mixed with that of other species as well. So, a major problem in fish is lack of
availability of good quality seed to overcome this problem , ways have now
been worked out to breed these fish in pound using hormonal stimulation .
This has ensured the supply of pure fish seed in desire quantities




                                 FISHES
The practice of bee keeping is called apiculture. It is done to get honey,
     beeswax, etc . Honey is known to have medicinal value . it is fond to be
       quite useful in the treatment of various disorders of humans relate to
digestion, dysentery, vomiting& stomach & liver ailment. Honey is supposed
    to be blood purifier, cure against cough,& cold sore throat, ulcers of the
         tongue, ulcer of stomach& intestine , etc. since honey is rich in iron
                                &calcium, it helps in growth of human body .
    Bee keeping being a low – investment enterprise has become a favourite
 source of some extra income for the Indian farmers. Hey have started to do
  bee keeping along with their usual agricultural practices.bee keeping also
           help in cross pollination of flowers of crop plant, since pollen are
transferred from one flower to another by bees while they are collecting the
                                                                         nectar.

   Poison of bee used in manufacturing of certain ayurvedic & homeopathic
                                                                medicines
The value & quality of honey depend upon the pasturage, or the
  flower available to the bees for nectar and pollen collection .in
addition to the adequate quality of pasturage , the kind of flower
                  available will determine the taste of the honey.




      Honey bee are commonly infected by viruses ,bacteria ,
      fungi and protozoa. For example , the bacterium
      bacillus apisceptious infect blood of bee causing
      septicemia.




                                                   THREE DIFFERENT
                                                 CASTES OF A COLONY
                                                    OF HONEY BEE



              QUEEN      WOREKER   DRONE
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

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ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

  • 2. The branch of agriculture that deal with the feeding caring & breeding of domestic animal is called animal husbandry. Husbanding means to use a resource carefully & without waste. Thus, animal farming or animal husbandry requires planning for domestic animals shelter breeding health disease control &proper economic utlisation. Our domestic animals or livestock includes those animals which are raised for farming, e.g., cattle(cow ,bull or ox), buffalo, yak ,horse ,ass, goat, sheep, camel etc. As the population increase &as living standard increase, the demand for milk egg & meat is also going up .also ,the growing awareness of the need for humane treatment of livestock has brought in limitation in livestock farming. Thus, livestock production also needs to be improved.
  • 3. Cattle husbandry is done for two purposes- Milk &draught labor for agricultural work such as tilling, irrigation & carting. Indian cattle belong two different species , Bos indicus, cow,& Bos bubalius , buffaloes. Milk-producing females are called milch animal (dairy animal),while the ones used for farm labour are called draught animals. Buffalo is most productive economic animal. Along, buffalo milk is richer in fat, tocopherol (vitamin E),protein, calcium ,phosphorus, contain low sodium potassium cholesterol. Buffalos milk is ideal for making milk product such as khoa ,rabri, dhai ghee, etc., is always in great demand. Certain vitamins such as vitamins A&D are also present in milk
  • 4. The requirement of proper cleaning & shelter for cow & buffaloes is must due two reasons (1).for the production of clean milk; (2)for the heath of animal. Both cow & buffalo require regular brushing to remove dirt & loose hairs. They should be sheltered under well-ventilated roofed sheds that protect them fro rain ,heat, cold. The floor of the cattle shed needs to be sloping so as to stay dry & to facilitate cleaning. The requirements of dairy animals are of two type; Maintenance requirements: the food is required by the animal to perform the basic function of life. Milk producing requirement: it include the type of food require during lactation period .
  • 5. Cow & buffalo suffer from various diseases. The diseases adversely affect the production of milk & causes mortality of sick animal . Skin diseases
  • 6. The poultry farming industry with its production in the form of egg & meat is of particular importance in providing a balanced diet for the human population. The word poultry has originated from the old French word ‘poult’ means chickens the young one common domestic fowl. So this word should have been used only for domestication of chicken or fowls. However, poultry also includes ducks ,geese , turkeys , guinea-fowls and pigeons .poultry is the choice of million has staple food world over. In our country also chicken and egg are choiced poultry products of large section of non-vegetarian population, since it serve as a cheep source of animal protein. India is the fifth largest country in the world in poultry production after china , former USSR,USA and Japan. VARITY IMPROVEMENT The programmes of cross breeding between Indian &foreign breeds for verity improvement are focused to developed new varieties for the following desirable traits: 1. Quantity &quality of chicks; 2. Dwarf broiler parent for commercial chick production for summer adaptation capacity/ tolerance to high temperature; 3. Low maintenance requirement; 4.Reduction in the size of the layer with ability to utilize more , cheap diet formulated using agricultural by products.
  • 7. Broiler chicken are fed with vitamin-rich supplementary feed for good growth rate & better feed efficiency. care is taken to avoid mortality & to maintain feathering &carcass quality. They are produced as broiler & sent to market for meat purposes. For good production of poultry bird s good management practices are important. These includes maintenance of temperature & hygienic condition in house & poultry feed, as well as prevention & control of diseases & pests. The housing nutritional &environmental requirement of broiler are somewhat different from those of egg layers. The ration (daily food requirement) for broiler is protein rich with adequate fat. The level of vitamins A& K is kept high in the poultry feed.
  • 8. Poultry fowl suffer from a number of diseases caused by virus, Bactria fungi, parasites, as well as from nutritional deficiencies. These necessitate proper cleaning, sanitation, spraying of disinfectants at regular intervals. Appropriate vaccination can prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases & reduce loss of poultry during an outbreak of diseases. Birds suffering from skin disease
  • 9. Fish is an important aquatic food which is rich in proteins. A large section of Indian population uses fish food , particularly the one living in coastal area. It is highly nutritious & easily digestible .fish can be used for eradicating problem of malnutrition. There are two ways of obtaining fish. one is from the natural resource , which is called capture fishing. the other way is by fish farming , which is called cultural fishery. The water source of the fish can be either sea water or fresh water , such as in rivers & ponds. Fishing can be done both by capture & culture of fish in marine & freshwater ecosystem. India's marine fishery resources include 7500km of coastline & the deep seas beyond it. popular marine fish verities include pomphret, mackerel, tuna sardines,& Bombay duck. Marine fish are caught using many kind of fishing nets from fishing boats. Yield are increased by locating large schools of fish in the open sea using satellites & echo-sounders .some marine fish of high economic value are also farmed in seawater.
  • 10. Fresh water resources includes canal, pond, reservoirs & river. brackish water resources, where sea water &fresh water mix together, such as estuaries & lagoons are also important fish reservoirs. While capture fishing is also done in such inland water bodies, the yield is not high. Most fish production from these resources is through aquaculture. Fish culture is sometimes done in combination with a rice crop, so that fish are grown in the water in the paddy field. More intensive fish farming can be done in composite fish culture system. Both local & imported fish species are used in such system. In such system , a combination of five or six fishes spices is used in a single fishpond. These species are selected so that they do not compete for food habits. As a result, the food available in all the part of the pond is used & this increase the fish yield from the pond.
  • 11. One problem with such composite culture is that many of these fish breed only during monsoon. Even if fish seed is collected from the wild , it can be mixed with that of other species as well. So, a major problem in fish is lack of availability of good quality seed to overcome this problem , ways have now been worked out to breed these fish in pound using hormonal stimulation . This has ensured the supply of pure fish seed in desire quantities FISHES
  • 12. The practice of bee keeping is called apiculture. It is done to get honey, beeswax, etc . Honey is known to have medicinal value . it is fond to be quite useful in the treatment of various disorders of humans relate to digestion, dysentery, vomiting& stomach & liver ailment. Honey is supposed to be blood purifier, cure against cough,& cold sore throat, ulcers of the tongue, ulcer of stomach& intestine , etc. since honey is rich in iron &calcium, it helps in growth of human body . Bee keeping being a low – investment enterprise has become a favourite source of some extra income for the Indian farmers. Hey have started to do bee keeping along with their usual agricultural practices.bee keeping also help in cross pollination of flowers of crop plant, since pollen are transferred from one flower to another by bees while they are collecting the nectar. Poison of bee used in manufacturing of certain ayurvedic & homeopathic medicines
  • 13. The value & quality of honey depend upon the pasturage, or the flower available to the bees for nectar and pollen collection .in addition to the adequate quality of pasturage , the kind of flower available will determine the taste of the honey. Honey bee are commonly infected by viruses ,bacteria , fungi and protozoa. For example , the bacterium bacillus apisceptious infect blood of bee causing septicemia. THREE DIFFERENT CASTES OF A COLONY OF HONEY BEE QUEEN WOREKER DRONE