An overview of coastline issues affecting Jamaica and the world at large.

1. Presented by:
Mordon Small

2.  A coastline, (a line on a map indicating the
disposition of a coast) is often used to refer
to the coast itself.
 The coast is that part of an island or
continent that borders an ocean or its
saltwater tributaries

3.  Estuaries
 Lagoons
 Rocky Shores
 Sandy Shores
 Wetlands

6.  Habitats
 Nurseries
 Food
 Stability of the Shoreline

7. One can say that there is a direct relationship
between biological & environmental issues
that affect coastlines & coastal zone
management.

8. ◦ Construction
 Landfills (wetlands and
marine areas)
 Dredging
 Building on the
shoreline and on steep
slopes
 Drainage
 Sand mining
 Inappropriate design
◦ Operational
 Sewage and solid waste
disposal
 Boat maintenance
 Beach maintenance and/or
restoration
 Facilities maintenance
 Guest consumption patterns
 Recreation
Housing & Tourism
Development

10.  Impacts
◦ Pressure on fishable resources
 Over fishing
 Destruction of habitats
◦ Erosion

12.  Improper Fishing
Gears
◦ Drift nets
◦ Dynamiting
◦ Bleaching
◦ Cyanide

13.  Impacts:
◦ Sedimentation
 Sedimentation from land clearance results in increased
water turbidity, which in turn decreases the
productivity of coral reefs and seagrasses.
 With high levels of sedimentation, physical smothering
of corals, and benthic organisms by sediments and
fine silt may take place.
 loss of benthic habitats, coral reefs and seagrasses,
which leads to the decline of commercially important
fisheries species
◦ Sand Mining
 lead to serious beach erosion

14.  Impacts:
◦ Eutrophication
 Remove oxygen
 Kills bottom dwelling organisms
 Destroys corals

15.  Location of Industries
◦ Runoff & discharge industrial effluent
◦ Mangrove destruction
◦ Release of toxins
 Transportation –
◦ potentially hazardous substances,
such as oil, fertilizers and insecticides
◦ Oil spills destroys marine & avian life
◦ Bilge water
 Nutrification
◦ Ballast water
 Pathogens
 Invasive organisms
 POP (persistent
oxygen pollutant)
◦ Detergents & other
toxins
 Bioaccumulation &
magnification
Issue:

18.  Aquaculture
◦ Release of nutrient rich water
 Overgrowth of phytoplankton
 Reduce DO
 Death of certain organisms
◦ Disease Outbreak

20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUXMu
bDv85w
Jamaica’s Intervention

21.  Environmental and Biological issues that
affects the coastlines whether Estuaries,
Lagoons, Rocky Shores, Wetlands and Sandy
shores are of great concern.
 They require an integrated approach for the
necessary management and protection for
sustainability.

22.  Grant. V, (1992) The coastal environment of Jamaica: problems, protection, management
https://commons.wmu.se/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1895&context=all_dissertations
 NEPA, (2018) National Council on Ocean and Coastal Zone Management
https://www.nepa.gov.jm/new/media_centre/press_releases/releases/2018/PR20180920-
national_council_on_ocean_and_coastal_zone_management.php
 www.encarta.com