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Web Development with
 Python and Django
  Mike Crute • Mike Pirnat • David Stanek
Today
• Iteratively build a full-featured site
• Background for each feature
• Implement a feature
• Review our example solution
  • Keep yours? git show tag
  • Follow directly? git reset --hard tag
Useful Links
• http://docs.python.org
• https://docs.djangoproject.com
• https://github.com/finiteloopsoware/
  django-precompiler/wiki
Let’s Have a Show of Hands...
Django
Django?
Django
Django
• A high-level Python web framework
• Encourages rapid development and clean,
  pragmatic design
• “For perfectionists with deadlines”
• Focus on automation and DRY
• Widely supported, many deployment
  options
Perhaps You’ve Heard Of...
• Disqus        • Pinterest
• Instagram     • PolitiFact.com
• Mozilla       • Rdio
• OpenStack
Django
• ORM                      • Cache infrastructure
• Automatic admin          • Internationalization
  interface
                           • Command-line job
• Regex-based URL design     framework

• Templating system
Python
(the Short-Short Version)
Python is...
 • Dynamic               • Exceptional
 • Interpreted           • Comfortable
 • Duck-Typed            • Readable
 • Object-Oriented       • Opinionated
 • Functional            • Batteries Included
 • Strongly-Namespaced   • Community
Interactive Shell
$ python
>>> print "Hello, world!"
Hello, world!
>>>

$ python3
>>> print("Hello, world!")
Hello, world!
>>>
Comments
# Best. Code. Evar.
Booleans and Null
True

False

None
Strings
'Hello, world!'

"Hello, world!"

"""Hello,
world!"""

u"Hëllö, wörld!"
String Operations
"foo" + "bar"

"foo"[0]

"foo"[:1]

"foo".upper()

"{0}: {1}".format("foo", "bar")

"{foo}: {bar}".format(foo=42, bar=1138)

len("foo")
Numeric Types
42

42.0

42L
Lists, Tuples, and Sets
['a', 'b', 'c']

('Rush', '2112', 5.0)

set(['a', 'b', 'c'])
Sequence Operations
[...][0]

[...][-1]

[...][:1]    # same as [...][0:1]

[...].append(4)

[...].extend([4, 5, 6])

[...].pop()

len([...])
Dictionaries
{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
Dictionary Operations
{...}['key1']

{...}.get('key2', default)

{...}.keys()

{...}.values()

{...}.items()

len({...})
Assignment & Comparison
foo = 'bar'

foo == 'baz'

foo != 'baz'

foo is None

foo is not None
Flow Control
if expression:
    ...

elif expression:
    ...

else:
    ...
Flow Control
for item in sequence:

    if expression:
        continue

    if expression:
        break
Flow Control
while expression:

    if expression:
        continue

    if expression:
        break
Functions
def foo():
    return 42

def foo(bar):
    return bar

def foo(bar, baz='quux'):
    return (bar, baz)

def foo(*args, **kwargs):
    return (args, kwargs)
Decorators
@bar
def foo():
     return 42

@baz('xyzzy')
def quux():
    return 42
Classes
class Foo(object):

    def __init__(self, bar):
        self.bar = bar
Docstrings
"Modules can have docstrings."


class Foo(object):
    "Classes can have docstrings too."

    def __init__(self, bar):
        "So can functions/methods."
Exceptions
try:
    raise Exception("OH NOES!")

except:
    log_error()
    raise

else:
    do_some_more()

finally:
    clean_up()
Namespaces
import logging

from datetime import timedelta

from decimal import Decimal as D
Introspection
>>> dir(Foo)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__',
'__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__',
'__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__',
'__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__',
'__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__',
'__weakref__']
Introspection
>>> help(Foo)
Help on class Foo in module __main__:

class Foo(__builtin__.object)
 | Classes can have docstrings too.
 |
 | Methods defined here:
 |
 | __init__(self, bar)
 |      So can functions/methods.
 | ...
--------------------------------------------------------
 | Data descriptors defined here:
And more...
• Generators              • Properties
• Generator Expressions   • Context Managers
• List Comprehensions     • Class Decorators
• Set Comprehensions      • Abstract Base Classes
• Dictionary              • Metaclasses
  Comprehensions
Style: PEP-8
• No tabs                   • Line breaks around
                              78-79 chars
• Four-space indents
                            • Some other OCD-
• Don’t mix tabs & spaces     pleasing ideas :-)

• lower_case_methods
• CamelCaseClasses
Setup
Environment Setup
• Mac or Linux? You’ve already got Python!
• You’ll also need Git if you don’t have it;
  download it from http://git-scm.com or use
  your package manager to install it
• Windows? Well, then...
Windows Setup
• Portable Python and Portable Git
• Won’t modify your system at all
• Can be easily uninstalled
• If you want to permanently install Python
  and Git you can easily do that too
Portable Python 2.7
• Download http://bit.ly/13eyQGn
  http://p.osuosl.org/pub/portablepython/v2.7/PortablePython_2.7.3.1.exe

• Run the .EXE
• Install into c:django-precompiler
• Download won't work?
  p://p.codemash.org/webdev_with_django
Portable Git
• Download http://bit.ly/X4dGps
  http://msysgit.googlecode.com/files/Git-1.8.0-preview20121022.exe

• Create a new folder
• Extract archive into a new folder:
  c:django-precompilerPortable Git
  1.8.0-preview20121022
• Download won't work?
  p://p.codemash.org/webdev_with_django
Fixing the Path
• Download:
  https://gist.github.com/4399659
• Save it as a file named run-cmd.bat
• Run it
• Download won't work?
  p://p.codemash.org/webdev_with_django
Installing Packages
• easy_install: easy_install package
• pip: pip install package
Installing Packages
• Installed packages go into a site-packages
  directory in your Python lib
• That’s the “system Python” by default
• But different programs may need different
  versions of packages...
• So we have virtual environments!
Virtual Environments
• virtualenv
• Creates an isolated Python environment
  with its own site-packages
• Install whatever you want without fouling
  anything else up
Python 2 or 3?
• The future of Python is Python 3
• Django 1.5 has experimental Python 3
  support
• Python 2.7 is still recommended for
  production applications
• Django 1.6 will fully support Python 3
Activate the Virtual Environment
# Mac/Linux/etc...

$ virtualenv django-precompiler
$ cd django-precompiler
$ source bin/activate

# Windows

> python virtualenv django-precompiler
> cd django-precompiler
> Scripts/activate.bat
The Django Stack
Request
           Django




Response
Request
          Framework

          Middleware
           Django
          URLs




                               Response
              Views

          Models   Templates


                    Tags &
           DB
                    Filters
The Project...
CODE SMASH!
• Code Smash is a fictional soware
  development conference for people who
  need to punch out awesome code
• It needs a website!
• We’re going to build one
Starting a Project
# Normally...
$ git init src

# Today...
$ git clone https://github.com/finiteloopsoftware/
django-precompiler.git src

$ cd src

$ git reset --hard ex00
Defining Requirements
 • requirements.txt
 • A basic example:
MyApp
Framework==0.9.4
Library>=0.2
http://someserver.org/packages/MyPackage-3.0.tar.gz
Requirements
• Create a requirements.txt
• Require Django version 1.5; use:
  https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.5c1/tarball/
Installing Requirements
$ pip install -r requirements.txt
Starting a Project
# Mac/Linux/etc.

$ django-admin.py startproject codesmash ./
$ python manage.py runserver

# Windows

> python Scripts/django-admin.py startproject codesmash
> python manage.py runserver
New Project Contents
src/
    codesmash/
        __init__.py
        settings.py
        urls.py
        wsgi.py

    manage.py
A Static Home Page
Templates
• Make a templates directory under src:
  $ mkdir templates

• Update settings to tell Django where to find
  the templates
• Put an HTML file in the templates directory
                                                 Framework

                                                 Middleware

                                                URLs

                                                      Views

                                                           Tem-
                                                Models
                                                          plates

                                                         Tags &
                                                 DB
                                                         Filters
URLs
• Map URLs in requests to code that can be
  executed
• Regular expressions!
• Subsections of your site can have their own
  urls.py modules (more on this later)
                                                 Framework

                                                 Middleware

                                                URLs

                                                      Views

                                                           Tem-
                                                Models
                                                          plates

                                                         Tags &
                                                 DB
                                                         Filters
URLs
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url


urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$', 'codesmash.views.home', name='home'),
)
Views
• Code that handles requests
• Other frameworks oen call these
  “controllers”
• Basically a function that:
  • gets a request passed to it
  • returns text or a response
                                      Framework

                                      Middleware

                                     URLs

                                           Views

                                                Tem-
                                     Models
                                               plates

                                              Tags &
                                      DB
                                              Filters
Views
from django.http import HttpResponse


def my_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world!")




                                            Framework

                                            Middleware

                                           URLs

                                                 Views

                                                      Tem-
                                           Models
                                                     plates

                                                    Tags &
                                            DB
                                                    Filters
Views
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import Context, loader


def my_view(request):
    template = loader.get_template('template.html')
    context = Context({ ... })
    return HttpResponse(template.render(context))



                                                       Framework

                                                       Middleware

                                                      URLs

                                                            Views

                                                                 Tem-
                                                      Models
                                                                plates

                                                               Tags &
                                                       DB
                                                               Filters
Views
from django.shortcuts import render

def my_view(request):
    return render(request, 'template.html', {...})




                                                      Framework

                                                      Middleware

                                                     URLs

                                                           Views

                                                                Tem-
                                                     Models
                                                               plates

                                                              Tags &
                                                      DB
                                                              Filters
Exercise 1
• Create a template for the homepage
• Create a view that will respond with the
  rendered template
• Connect the / URL to the view

                                              Framework

                                              Middleware

                                             URLs

                                                   Views

                                                        Tem-
                                             Models
                                                       plates

                                                      Tags &
                                              DB
                                                      Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex01
Contact Form
Apps
• Django believes strongly in separating
  chunks of a site into apps that can be reused
• Ecosystem of reusable apps available
• Create an app; from the src directory:
  $ django-admin.py startapp myapp

  > python Scripts/django-admin.py startapp myapp    Framework

                                                     Middleware


• Add it to INSTALLED_APPS in settings.py           URLs

                                                          Views

                                                               Tem-
                                                    Models
                                                              plates

                                                             Tags &
                                                     DB
                                                             Filters
New App Contents
src/
    codesmash/

   myapp/
       __init__.py
       models.py
       tests.py <-- you should write them!
       views.py

        urls.py    <-- you'll want to make one of these
        forms.py   <-- one of these too
                                                           Framework

                                                           Middleware
    templates/
                                                          URLs

                                                                Views

                                                                     Tem-
                                                          Models
                                                                    plates

                                                                   Tags &
                                                           DB
                                                                   Filters
App URLs
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url


urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
    url(r'^$', 'my_view', name='my_form'),
    ...
)




                                                       Framework

                                                       Middleware

                                                      URLs

                                                            Views

                                                                 Tem-
                                                      Models
                                                                plates

                                                               Tags &
                                                       DB
                                                               Filters
Connecting App URLs
# Use include to connect a regex to an app's urls.py
# Use namespace to keep app URL names nicely isolated

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^myapp/',
        include('myapp.urls', namespace='myapp')),
    ...
)



                                                         Framework

                                                         Middleware

                                                        URLs

                                                              Views

                                                                   Tem-
                                                        Models
                                                                  plates

                                                                 Tags &
                                                         DB
                                                                 Filters
Form Validation
• Why?
• Classes for each kind of input field
• Form class to gather input fields
• View method uses the form class to validate
  inputs
                                                 Framework

                                                 Middleware

                                                URLs

                                                      Views

                                                           Tem-
                                                Models
                                                          plates

                                                         Tags &
                                                 DB
                                                         Filters
A Very Simple Form
from django import forms


class MyForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=30)
    email = forms.EmailField()




                                             Framework

                                             Middleware

                                            URLs

                                                  Views

                                                       Tem-
                                            Models
                                                      plates

                                                     Tags &
                                             DB
                                                     Filters
Using a Form in a View
from myapp.forms import MyForm

def my_view(request):
    form = MyForm(request.POST or None)
    if request.method == "POST" and form.is_valid():
        name = form.cleaned_data['name']
        email = form.cleaned_data['email']
        # do something great with that data

    return render(request, 'myapp/myform.html', {
        'form': form
                                                        Framework
    })
                                                        Middleware

                                                       URLs

                                                             Views

                                                                  Tem-
                                                       Models
                                                                 plates

                                                                Tags &
                                                        DB
                                                                Filters
Django Template Language
• Call a function or do logic:
  {% ... %}
• Variable substitution:
  {{ bar }}
• Filters:
                                  Framework



  {{ foo|bar }}                   Middleware

                                 URLs

                                       Views

                                            Tem-
                                 Models
                                           plates

                                          Tags &
                                  DB
                                          Filters
Forms in Templates
<html>
...
    <body>

       <form action="{% url 'myapp:my_form' %}"
        method="post">
           {% csrf_token %}
           {{ form.as_p }}
           <button type="submit">Go!</button>
       </form>
                                                   Framework
    </body>
                                                   Middleware
</html>
                                                  URLs

                                                        Views

                                                             Tem-
                                                  Models
                                                            plates

                                                           Tags &
                                                   DB
                                                           Filters
Sending Mail
• Add an EMAIL_BACKEND in settings.py
 EMAIL_BACKEND = 
     'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'

• Import and use
 from django.core.mail import send_mail

 send_mail('subject', 'message', 'sender',
         ['recipient', ...])                             Framework

                                                         Middleware

                                                        URLs

                                                              Views

                                                                   Tem-
                                                        Models
                                                                  plates

                                                                 Tags &
                                                         DB
                                                                 Filters
Exercise 2
• Create a contact app
• Create a contact form with subject,
  message, and sender’s email address
• Create view to display and process the form
  and “send” the message
• Connect the view to “/contact” URL             Framework

                                                 Middleware

                                                URLs

                                                      Views

                                                           Tem-
                                                Models
                                                          plates

                                                         Tags &
                                                 DB
                                                         Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex02
Redirecting on Success
• Make the POST action redirect with a GET
  on successful processing
• Avoid “resubmit form” issues when
  reloading or returning to success page
  (browser back button)

                                              Framework

                                              Middleware

                                             URLs

                                                   Views

                                                        Tem-
                                             Models
                                                       plates

                                                      Tags &
                                              DB
                                                      Filters
Redirecting
from django.shortcuts import redirect

def my_view(request):
    ...
    return redirect('namespace:name')




                                         Framework

                                         Middleware

                                        URLs

                                              Views

                                                   Tem-
                                        Models
                                                  plates

                                                 Tags &
                                         DB
                                                 Filters
Exercise 3
• Make a separate contact form URL and
  template for displaying a success message
• Update the POST handler to redirect to the
  success page


                                                Framework

                                                Middleware

                                               URLs

                                                     Views

                                                          Tem-
                                               Models
                                                         plates

                                                        Tags &
                                                DB
                                                        Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex03
A Consistent Appearance
Template Inheritance
• Define a base template for the site
• Other templates extend the base template
• Blocks allow child templates to inject
  content into areas of the parent template

                                               Framework

                                               Middleware

                                              URLs

                                                    Views

                                                         Tem-
                                              Models
                                                        plates

                                                       Tags &
                                               DB
                                                       Filters
base.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta name="..." content="...">
        <title>{% block title %}My Site{% endblock %}</
title>
    </head>
    <body>
        {% block content %}
        {% endblock %}
    </body>
                                                           Framework
</html>
                                                           Middleware

                                                          URLs

                                                                Views

                                                                     Tem-
                                                          Models
                                                                    plates

                                                                   Tags &
                                                           DB
                                                                   Filters
helloworld.html
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}Hello, World{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>Hey! Great!</h1>
    <p>Sure is some lovely content right here.</p>
    <p>Yup.</p>
{% endblock %}


                                                      Framework

                                                      Middleware

                                                     URLs

                                                           Views

                                                                Tem-
                                                     Models
                                                               plates

                                                              Tags &
                                                      DB
                                                              Filters
Exercise 4
• Refactor those templates!
• Make a base.html with appropriate blocks
• Make other templates extend it and fill in
  the blocks

                                               Framework

                                               Middleware

                                              URLs

                                                    Views

                                                         Tem-
                                              Models
                                                        plates

                                                       Tags &
                                               DB
                                                       Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex04
User Registration
No Need to Reinvent
• Django comes with a robust user
  framework: django.contrib.auth
• Registration
• Login/Logout
• Password Recovery
                                     Framework

• Etc.                               Middleware

                                    URLs

                                          Views

                                               Tem-
                                    Models
                                              plates

                                             Tags &
                                     DB
                                             Filters
Database Settings
import os


PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.abspath(
        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), ".."))

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(
                 PROJECT_ROOT, "database.db")
                                                          Framework
    }
                                                          Middleware
}
                                                         URLs

                                                               Views

                                                                    Tem-
                                                         Models
                                                                   plates

                                                                  Tags &
                                                          DB
                                                                  Filters
Create the Database
$ python manage.py syncdb




                             Framework

                             Middleware

                            URLs

                                  Views

                                       Tem-
                            Models
                                      plates

                                     Tags &
                             DB
                                     Filters
Extend the UserCreationForm
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm


class RegistrationForm(UserCreationForm):

    class Meta(UserCreationForm.Meta):
        fields = ("username", "email")




                                                          Framework

                                                          Middleware

                                                         URLs

                                                               Views

                                                                    Tem-
                                                         Models
                                                                   plates

                                                                  Tags &
                                                          DB
                                                                  Filters
Register the User
form = RegistrationForm(request.POST)

if form.is_valid():
    form.save()




                                         Framework

                                         Middleware

                                        URLs

                                              Views

                                                   Tem-
                                        Models
                                                  plates

                                                 Tags &
                                         DB
                                                 Filters
Login Aer Registration
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login


user = authenticate(
    username=form.cleaned_data['username'],
    password=form.cleaned_data['password1'])

login(request, user)



                                                       Framework

                                                       Middleware

                                                      URLs

                                                            Views

                                                                 Tem-
                                                      Models
                                                                plates

                                                               Tags &
                                                       DB
                                                               Filters
The User Object
• Always have one in every request
• Always available to templates
• Can be anonymous or populated depending
  on whether the user has authenticated
Exercise 5
• Start a new app called            • Profile page should just
  “accounts”                          display username and email

• Set up a UserCreationForm         • Set up templates for the
  subclass in accounts.forms          form and profile page in
  with username and email             templates/accounts/

• Set up a view that displays       • Wire up the URLs (be sure to
  the form on GET                     give them names)

• Make the view handle POSTs        • Link to registration from the    Framework
  – check the form, register the      header
                                                                       Middleware
  user, log in, and redirect to a
  user profile page                                                    URLs

                                                                            Views

                                                                                 Tem-
                                                                      Models
                                                                                plates

                                                                               Tags &
                                                                       DB
                                                                               Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex05
User Login & Logout
More Reusable Goodness
• django.contrib.auth provides URLs and
  views for login and logout
• Will want to provide our own templates


                                            Framework

                                            Middleware

                                           URLs

                                                 Views

                                                      Tem-
                                           Models
                                                     plates

                                                    Tags &
                                            DB
                                                    Filters
URLs
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    ...
    (r'auth/', include('django.contrib.auth.urls',
            namespace='auth')),
    ...
)




                                                      Framework

                                                      Middleware

                                                     URLs

                                                           Views

                                                                Tem-
                                                     Models
                                                               plates

                                                              Tags &
                                                      DB
                                                              Filters
Templates to Override
• templates/registration/login.html
• templates/registration/logged_out.html



                                            Framework

                                            Middleware

                                           URLs

                                                 Views

                                                      Tem-
                                           Models
                                                     plates

                                                    Tags &
                                            DB
                                                    Filters
Login/Logout Links
{% url 'auth:login' %}

{% url 'auth:logout' %}




                           Framework

                           Middleware

                          URLs

                                Views

                                     Tem-
                          Models
                                    plates

                                   Tags &
                           DB
                                   Filters
Differentiate Logged In/Out
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
    ...
{% else %}
    ...
{% endif %}




                                  Framework

                                  Middleware

                                 URLs

                                       Views

                                            Tem-
                                 Models
                                           plates

                                          Tags &
                                  DB
                                          Filters
Exercise 6
• Enable auth URLs           • Show username in
                               header when user is
• Add login and logout         logged in
  links to the site header
                             • Link to user profile when
• Show login when user is      user is logged in
  logged out, logout when
  user is logged in          • Customize login and
                               logout pages
                                                           Framework

                                                           Middleware

                                                          URLs

                                                                Views

                                                                     Tem-
                                                          Models
                                                                    plates

                                                                   Tags &
                                                           DB
                                                                   Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex06
Django Admin
Django Admin
• Free CRUD!
• Navigate database data by model
• Make changes
• Highly customizable
                                     Framework

                                     Middleware

                                    URLs

                                          Views

                                               Tem-
                                    Models
                                              plates

                                             Tags &
                                     DB
                                             Filters
Enabling the Admin App
• Uncomment admin lines from
  INSTALLED_APPS in settings.py
• Uncomment admin lines from the project’s
  urls.py
• Mini-exercise: go do that :-)
                                              Framework

                                              Middleware

                                             URLs

                                                   Views

                                                        Tem-
                                             Models
                                                       plates

                                                      Tags &
                                              DB
                                                      Filters
Demo Time!
git reset --hard ex07
CMS Pages
django.contrib.flatpages
• Store simple “flat” HTML pages in the
  database
• Has a URL, title, and content
• Useful for one-off pages with no logic that
  don’t deserve full apps
• Add/edit content via the admin app            Framework

                                                Middleware



• Let’s enable it now!                         URLs

                                                     Views

                                                          Tem-
                                               Models
                                                         plates

                                                        Tags &
                                                DB
                                                        Filters
settings.py
• Add to INSTALLED_APPS:
  django.contrib.flatpages

• Add to MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES:
  django.contrib.flatpages.middleware.FlatpageFallback
  Middleware


                                                          Framework

                                                          Middleware

                                                         URLs

                                                               Views

                                                                    Tem-
                                                         Models
                                                                   plates

                                                                  Tags &
                                                          DB
                                                                  Filters
urls.py
•Change root URL to use flatpage:
url(r'^$', 'django.contrib.flatpages.views.flatpage',
        {'url': '/' }, name='home')




                                                         Framework

                                                         Middleware

                                                        URLs

                                                              Views

                                                                   Tem-
                                                        Models
                                                                  plates

                                                                 Tags &
                                                         DB
                                                                 Filters
Make a Flatpage Template
• Put it in templates/flatpages/default.html
• In the title block, add:
  {{ flatpage.title }}
• In the content block, add:
  {{ flatpage.content }}
                                               Framework

                                               Middleware

                                              URLs

                                                    Views

                                                         Tem-
                                              Models
                                                        plates

                                                       Tags &
                                               DB
                                                       Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex08
Meanwhile, in the admin app...
Conference Talks:
An App with a Custom Data Model
Models
• Model classes are the nouns of the system
• Used to create database tables
• Integrated with the ORM to interact with
  the database
• Need to `python   manage.py syncdb`
  when adding a new model class                Framework

                                               Middleware

                                              URLs

                                                    Views

                                                         Tem-
                                              Models
                                                        plates

                                                       Tags &
                                               DB
                                                       Filters
Models
from django.db import models


class Thingy(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    awesome = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
                                                         Framework

                                                         Middleware
    def __unicode__(self):    # note: not in Python 3
        return unicode(str(self))
                                                        URLs

                                                              Views

                                                                   Tem-
                                                        Models
                                                                  plates

                                                                 Tags &
                                                         DB
                                                                 Filters
Exercise 9
• Create a “talks” app to manage talks
• Create a Talk model; it should have:
  • title - up to 255 characters
  • approved - true or false, default false
  • recording_release - true or false, default false
  • abstract - text describing the talk
                                                        Framework

  • outline - text outlining the talk                   Middleware

                                                       URLs
  • notes - text about the talk that won't be public
                                                             Views

                                                                  Tem-
                                                       Models
                                                                 plates

                                                                Tags &
                                                        DB
                                                                Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex09
Wiring the Model for Admin Access
 • Each app manages its own admin wiring
 • Goes into an admin.py within the app



                                            Framework

                                            Middleware

                                           URLs

                                                 Views

                                                      Tem-
                                           Models
                                                     plates

                                                    Tags &
                                            DB
                                                    Filters
admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from myapp.models import Thingy

admin.site.register(Thingy)




                                    Framework

                                    Middleware

                                   URLs

                                         Views

                                              Tem-
                                   Models
                                             plates

                                            Tags &
                                    DB
                                            Filters
Exercise 10
• Create an admin.py for the talks app
• Register the Talk model
• Start up the admin app and verify that Talks
  appears

                                                  Framework

                                                  Middleware

                                                 URLs

                                                       Views

                                                            Tem-
                                                 Models
                                                           plates

                                                          Tags &
                                                  DB
                                                          Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex10
Pluralize All the Thingys!
class Thingy(model.models):
    ...

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "Thingies"




                                            Framework

                                            Middleware

                                           URLs

                                                 Views

                                                      Tem-
                                           Models
                                                     plates

                                                    Tags &
                                            DB
                                                    Filters
Relations
• Foreign key (one-to-many)
• Many-to-many



                               Framework

                               Middleware

                              URLs

                                    Views

                                         Tem-
                              Models
                                        plates

                                       Tags &
                               DB
                                       Filters
Foreign Key Relations
class Thingy(models.Model):
    ...

class Gadget(models.Model):
    ...

class Gizmo(models.Model):
    thingy = models.ForeignKey(Thingy)

    gadget = models.ForeignKey(Gadget,
            blank=True, null=True)
                                          Framework

                                          Middleware

                                         URLs

                                               Views

                                                    Tem-
                                         Models
                                                   plates

                                                  Tags &
                                          DB
                                                  Filters
Many-to-Many Relations
class Thingy(models.Model):
    ...

class Gizmo(models.Model):
    thingies = models.ManyToManyField(Thingy)




                                                 Framework

                                                 Middleware

                                                URLs

                                                      Views

                                                           Tem-
                                                Models
                                                          plates

                                                         Tags &
                                                 DB
                                                         Filters
Saving a Model Object
thingy = Thingy()
thingy.size = 'big'
thingy.save()

gadget = Gadget(thingy=thingy)
gadget.save()

gizmo = Gizmo(thingies=[thingy])
gizmo.save()


                                    Framework

                                    Middleware

                                   URLs

                                         Views

                                              Tem-
                                   Models
                                             plates

                                            Tags &
                                    DB
                                            Filters
Exercise 11
• Create new model classes   • All should have a name, up
  for foreign keys:            to 255 characters

  • Category                 • All should have a __str__;
                               Time Slot’s should use
  • Talk Type                  strime (see strime.net)

  • Audience Skill Level     • Location and Time Slot
                               should be optional
  • Location
                             • Do a many-to-many on           Framework


                               django.contrib.auth.models.    Middleware
  • Time Slot                  User for talk speakers        URLs

                                                                   Views

                                                                        Tem-
                                                             Models
                                                                       plates

                                                                      Tags &
                                                              DB
                                                                      Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex11
Meanwhile, in the admin app...
Changing Existing Models
• Adding/removing/changing fields in a
  model requires a schema migration
• Django doesn’t support it out of the box
• Pro mode: use South

                                              Framework

                                              Middleware

                                             URLs

                                                   Views

                                                        Tem-
                                             Models
                                                       plates

                                                      Tags &
                                              DB
                                                      Filters
Cheesy Precompiler Way
 $ ./manage.py dbshell

 > DROP TABLE talks;

 $ ./manage.py syncdb




                          Framework

                          Middleware

                         URLs

                               Views

                                    Tem-
                         Models
                                   plates

                                  Tags &
                          DB
                                  Filters
Querying the Model
all_thingies = Thingy.objects.all()

single_thingy = Thingy.objects.get(id=1)

big_thingies = Thingy.objects.filter(size='big')

ordered_thingies = Thingy.objects.all().order_by('size')




                                                            Framework

                                                            Middleware

                                                           URLs

                                                                 Views

                                                                      Tem-
                                                           Models
                                                                     plates

                                                                    Tags &
                                                            DB
                                                                    Filters
Relations in Templates
• When a model object retrieved from the
  ORM has relations, you get a relation
  manager and not an actual iterable
  collection
• Need to call .all() (or get or filter) on it
  before you get back the related model
  objects                                        Framework

                                                 Middleware

                                                URLs

                                                      Views

                                                           Tem-
                                                Models
                                                          plates

                                                         Tags &
                                                 DB
                                                         Filters
Relations in Templates
{% for gizmo in gizmos %}
    {% for thingy in gizmo.thingies.all %}
        ...
    {% endfor %}
{% endfor %}




                                              Framework

                                              Middleware

                                             URLs

                                                   Views

                                                        Tem-
                                             Models
                                                       plates

                                                      Tags &
                                              DB
                                                      Filters
Exercise 12
• Create a view and template to display a list
  of all talks, ordered by title
• Be sure to display all of the talk speakers


                                                  Framework

                                                  Middleware

                                                 URLs

                                                       Views

                                                            Tem-
                                                 Models
                                                           plates

                                                          Tags &
                                                  DB
                                                          Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex12
Optimizing Queries
• What we just did will make lots of extra
  database queries (because of the loops)
• Go read up on:
  • select_related: does a join in SQL
  • prefetch_related: queries in advance, caches
    results, allows “join” in Python
Model Managers
• A place to encapsulate data queries
• Extend to provide extra queries with
  developer-friendly interfaces



                                          Framework

                                          Middleware

                                         URLs

                                               Views

                                                    Tem-
                                         Models
                                                   plates

                                                  Tags &
                                          DB
                                                  Filters
Model Managers
class ThingyManager(models.Manager):

    def big_ones(self):
        return self.get_query_set().filter(size='big')

    def of_color(self, color):
        return self.get_query_set().filter(color=color)


class Thingy(models.Model):
                                                           Framework
    objects = ThingyManager()
                                                           Middleware

                                                          URLs

                                                                Views

                                                                     Tem-
                                                          Models
                                                                    plates

                                                                   Tags &
                                                           DB
                                                                   Filters
Using a Model Manager
big_thingies = Thingy.objects.big_ones()

green_thingies = Thingy.objects.of_color('green')




                                                     Framework

                                                     Middleware

                                                    URLs

                                                          Views

                                                               Tem-
                                                    Models
                                                              plates

                                                             Tags &
                                                     DB
                                                             Filters
Exercise 13
• Move the queries from the previous exercise
  into a TalkManager
• Change the queries to only get talks that
  have been approved


                                                 Framework

                                                 Middleware

                                                URLs

                                                      Views

                                                           Tem-
                                                Models
                                                          plates

                                                         Tags &
                                                 DB
                                                         Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex13
Generic Views
• Many views fall into the same patterns
• Django provides generic view classes for
  things like showing a list of objects, creating
  an object, updating an object, deleting, etc.
• Subclass and set properties or override
  certain methods to customize                       Framework

                                                     Middleware

                                                    URLs

                                                          Views

                                                               Tem-
                                                    Models
                                                              plates

                                                             Tags &
                                                     DB
                                                             Filters
Generic List Views
from django.views.generic import ListView


class ThingyListView(ListView):

   queryset = Thingy.objects.all()




                                             Framework

                                             Middleware

                                            URLs

                                                  Views

                                                       Tem-
                                            Models
                                                      plates

                                                     Tags &
                                             DB
                                                     Filters
Generic List View URLs
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from myapp.views import ThingyListView


urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
    ...
    url(r'^$', ThingyListView.as_view(), name='things')




                                                           Framework

                                                           Middleware

                                                          URLs

                                                                Views

                                                                     Tem-
                                                          Models
                                                                    plates

                                                                   Tags &
                                                           DB
                                                                   Filters
Generic List View Templates
• Generic List Views are automatically wired
  to templates
• Naming convention: lowercase model
  name + “_list.html”, eg:
  templates/myapp/thingy_list.html
                                                Framework

                                                Middleware

                                               URLs

                                                     Views

                                                          Tem-
                                               Models
                                                         plates

                                                        Tags &
                                                DB
                                                        Filters
Exercise 14
• Replace the view that lists talks with a
  generic list view
• Redo the URL mapping to use your new
  generic list view subclass


                                              Framework

                                              Middleware

                                             URLs

                                                   Views

                                                        Tem-
                                             Models
                                                       plates

                                                      Tags &
                                              DB
                                                      Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex14
Can You Guess What’s Next?
• Need to create new talks
• We could do it the hard way...
  • Make a Form
  • Make a View
  • Read validated data, put it into a model object
                                                       Framework

  • Save the model, redirect...                        Middleware

                                                      URLs

                                                            Views

                                                                 Tem-
                                                      Models
                                                                plates

                                                               Tags &
                                                       DB
                                                               Filters
Model Forms
from django import forms
from myapp.models import Thingy


class ThingyForm(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Thingy
        exclude = ('flavor', 'user')


                                        Framework

                                        Middleware

                                       URLs

                                             Views

                                                  Tem-
                                       Models
                                                 plates

                                                Tags &
                                        DB
                                                Filters
Generic Create Views
from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView
from myapp.forms import ThingyForm


class ThingyCreationView(CreateView):

   model = Thingy
   form_class = ThingyForm
   success_url = "/accounts/profile"


                                                    Framework

                                                    Middleware

                                                   URLs

                                                         Views

                                                              Tem-
                                                   Models
                                                             plates

                                                            Tags &
                                                    DB
                                                            Filters
Generic Create View Templates
• Generic Create Views are automatically
  wired to templates
• Naming convention: lowercase model
  name + “_form.html”; eg:
  templates/myapp/thingy_form.html
                                            Framework

                                            Middleware

                                           URLs

                                                 Views

                                                      Tem-
                                           Models
                                                     plates

                                                    Tags &
                                            DB
                                                    Filters
Exercise 15
• Make a Generic Create      • Be sure to connect a
  View and Model Form to       “create” URL to the new
  submit new talk              Generic Create View
  proposals
                             • Don’t forget a template!
• Exclude approval status,
  location, and time slot    • Link to the create form
  (since the speaker           from user profile
  doesn’t control them)
                             • List user’s submitted       Framework

                               talks on user profile        Middleware

                                                          URLs

                                                                Views

                                                                     Tem-
                                                          Models
                                                                    plates

                                                                   Tags &
                                                           DB
                                                                   Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex15
Generic Edit Views
from django.shortcuts import resolve_url
from django.view.generic.edit import UpdateView

from myapp.forms import ThingyForm


class ThingyUpdateView(UpdateView):

   form_class = ThingyForm
   queryset = Thingy.objects.all()

   def get_success_url(self):
       return resolve_url('myapp:thingy')

   def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):                                     Framework
       context = super(ThingyUpdateView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
       context['editing'] = True                                             Middleware

       return context                                                       URLs

                                                                                  Views

                                                                                       Tem-
                                                                            Models
                                                                                      plates

                                                                                     Tags &
                                                                             DB
                                                                                     Filters
Generic Edit View URLs
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from myapp.views import ThingyUpdateView


urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
    ...
    url(r'(?P<pk>[0-9]+)$', ThingyUpdateView.as_view(),
            name='update'),
)


                                                           Framework

                                                           Middleware

                                                          URLs

                                                                Views

                                                                     Tem-
                                                          Models
                                                                    plates

                                                                   Tags &
                                                           DB
                                                                   Filters
Exercise 16
• Create a Generic Edit View for talks
• Use the Model Form from the previous
  exercise
• Be sure to wire it to a URL for editing
• Change the existing template to indicate
  whether we’re editing or creating           Framework

                                              Middleware

                                             URLs

                                                   Views

                                                        Tem-
                                             Models
                                                       plates

                                                      Tags &
                                              DB
                                                      Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex16
Security in Views
• Can you spot a security problem in the
  previous exercise?
• Anyone can edit any talk!
• Generic views can restrict access by limiting
  the queryset available in the view
                                                   Framework

                                                   Middleware

                                                  URLs

                                                        Views

                                                             Tem-
                                                  Models
                                                            plates

                                                           Tags &
                                                   DB
                                                           Filters
Restricting Object Access
# In models.py...
class ThingyManager(models.Manager):

    def for_user(self, user):
        return self.get_query_set().filter(user=user)


# In views.py...
class ThingyUpdateView(UpdateView):

    def get_queryset(self):
                                                         Framework
        return Thingy.objects.for_user(
                                                         Middleware
                self.request.user)
                                                        URLs

                                                              Views

                                                                   Tem-
                                                        Models
                                                                  plates

                                                                 Tags &
                                                         DB
                                                                 Filters
Exercise 17
• Lock down the update view from the
  previous exercise so that a talk may only be
  edited by its speakers




                                                  Framework

                                                  Middleware

                                                 URLs

                                                       Views

                                                            Tem-
                                                 Models
                                                           plates

                                                          Tags &
                                                  DB
                                                          Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex17
Read-Only Data in Generic Edit Views
 • Model Form automatically builds form
   elements for everything in the model
 • Model Form excludes anything that it was
   told to exclude
 • Excluded fields are still available as
   attributes of a variable called “object” (the    Framework

   object being displayed/edited)                   Middleware

                                                   URLs

                                                         Views

                                                              Tem-
                                                   Models
                                                             plates

                                                            Tags &
                                                    DB
                                                            Filters
Read-Only Data in Generic Edit Views
<form ...>
    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ form.as_p }}

    <p><input type="text" id="flavor"
        value="{{ object.flavor }}" disabled ></p>

    <input type="submit" value="Save Changes">
</form>
                                                      Framework

                                                      Middleware

                                                     URLs

                                                           Views

                                                                Tem-
                                                     Models
                                                               plates

                                                              Tags &
                                                      DB
                                                              Filters
Exercise 18
• Change the talk form from the previous
  exercises
• Show time slot, location, and approval
  status without allowing them to be modified


                                                Framework

                                                Middleware

                                               URLs

                                                     Views

                                                          Tem-
                                               Models
                                                         plates

                                                        Tags &
                                                DB
                                                        Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex18
Requiring Login
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import 
        login_required


@login_required
def my_login_only_view(request):
    return render(request, "myapp/my_view.html")




                                                    Framework

                                                    Middleware

                                                   URLs

                                                         Views

                                                              Tem-
                                                   Models
                                                             plates

                                                            Tags &
                                                    DB
                                                            Filters
Exercise 19
• Require login on the user profile page




                                           Framework

                                           Middleware

                                          URLs

                                                Views

                                                     Tem-
                                          Models
                                                    plates

                                                   Tags &
                                           DB
                                                   Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex19
Custom Template Filters
• Django comes with many filters
• You can add your own
• Function that accepts a value and returns a
  string

                                                 Framework

                                                 Middleware

                                                URLs

                                                      Views

                                                           Tem-
                                                Models
                                                          plates

                                                         Tags &
                                                 DB
                                                         Filters
Defining a Custom Filter
# In myapp/templatetags/myfilters.py...

from django import template
from django.utils.html import format_html

register = template.Library()


@register.filter
def my_filter(value):
    ...
                                             Framework
    return format_html("...")
                                             Middleware

                                            URLs

                                                  Views

                                                       Tem-
                                            Models
                                                      plates

                                                     Tags &
                                             DB
                                                     Filters
Using a Custom Filter
{% load myfilters %}

{% block content %}

   <p>{{ foo|my_filter }}</p>
   <p>{{ bar }}</p>

{% endblock %}



                                 Framework

                                 Middleware

                                URLs

                                      Views

                                           Tem-
                                Models
                                          plates

                                         Tags &
                                 DB
                                         Filters
Exercise 20
• Create a custom filter function
  “boolean_icon” that will show one image if
  a value is True and another if it’s False
• Use the boolean_icon in the user’s profile to
  indicate whether a talk has been approved
• Use static icons from the admin site:                                Framework
  from django.contrib.admin.templatetags.admin_static import static
                                                                       Middleware

  icon_url = static('admin/img/icon-{0}.gif'.format(                  URLs
          {True: 'yes', False: 'no', None: 'unknown'}[value])
                                                                            Views

                                                                                 Tem-
                                                                      Models
                                                                                plates

                                                                               Tags &
                                                                       DB
                                                                               Filters
Let’s see the code!
git reset --hard ex20
Bonus Exercises
• Show talks by time slot and/or location
• Blog; include RSS feed
• Sponsorship; include sponsor image upload
  and display
• Enhance user profiles; include image
  upload, default to Gravatar                  Framework

                                               Middleware



• Room swap/ticket swap                       URLs

                                                    Views

                                                         Tem-
                                              Models
                                                        plates

                                                       Tags &
                                               DB
                                                       Filters
A Little Bit About Deployment
Django
Varnish


           Nginx


Static Files    Gunicorn


                   Django
                   Django
                    Django
Where to Deploy
• Gondor.io
• Heroku
• Webfaction
• Google App Engine
  (if that’s what you’re into)
• Your favorite VPS (Rackspace, AWS, etc.)
Questions?
Links
• http://python.org
• https://djangoproject.com
• https://github.com/finiteloopsoware/
  django-precompiler
Credits
• Image from Django Unchained by Sony
  Pictures
  http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/django-star-foxx-life-
  built-race-article-1.1220275

• Image of Django Reinhardt by ~Raimondsy
  http://raimondsy.deviantart.com/art/Django-Reinhardt-314914547

• Other images from ClipArt Etc.
  http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/
Contact Information
 Mike Crute                 David Stanek
   Finite Loop Soware        American Greetings
   http://mike.crute.org      http://traceback.org
   @mcrute                    @dstanek


 Mike Pirnat
   American Greetings
   http://mike.pirnat.com
   @mpirnat
Thanks for coming
 & happy hacking!

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Web Development with Python and Django

  • 1. Web Development with Python and Django Mike Crute • Mike Pirnat • David Stanek
  • 2. Today • Iteratively build a full-featured site • Background for each feature • Implement a feature • Review our example solution • Keep yours? git show tag • Follow directly? git reset --hard tag
  • 3. Useful Links • http://docs.python.org • https://docs.djangoproject.com • https://github.com/finiteloopsoware/ django-precompiler/wiki
  • 4. Let’s Have a Show of Hands...
  • 8. Django • A high-level Python web framework • Encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design • “For perfectionists with deadlines” • Focus on automation and DRY • Widely supported, many deployment options
  • 9. Perhaps You’ve Heard Of... • Disqus • Pinterest • Instagram • PolitiFact.com • Mozilla • Rdio • OpenStack
  • 10. Django • ORM • Cache infrastructure • Automatic admin • Internationalization interface • Command-line job • Regex-based URL design framework • Templating system
  • 12. Python is... • Dynamic • Exceptional • Interpreted • Comfortable • Duck-Typed • Readable • Object-Oriented • Opinionated • Functional • Batteries Included • Strongly-Namespaced • Community
  • 13. Interactive Shell $ python >>> print "Hello, world!" Hello, world! >>> $ python3 >>> print("Hello, world!") Hello, world! >>>
  • 17. String Operations "foo" + "bar" "foo"[0] "foo"[:1] "foo".upper() "{0}: {1}".format("foo", "bar") "{foo}: {bar}".format(foo=42, bar=1138) len("foo")
  • 19. Lists, Tuples, and Sets ['a', 'b', 'c'] ('Rush', '2112', 5.0) set(['a', 'b', 'c'])
  • 20. Sequence Operations [...][0] [...][-1] [...][:1] # same as [...][0:1] [...].append(4) [...].extend([4, 5, 6]) [...].pop() len([...])
  • 23. Assignment & Comparison foo = 'bar' foo == 'baz' foo != 'baz' foo is None foo is not None
  • 24. Flow Control if expression: ... elif expression: ... else: ...
  • 25. Flow Control for item in sequence: if expression: continue if expression: break
  • 26. Flow Control while expression: if expression: continue if expression: break
  • 27. Functions def foo(): return 42 def foo(bar): return bar def foo(bar, baz='quux'): return (bar, baz) def foo(*args, **kwargs): return (args, kwargs)
  • 28. Decorators @bar def foo(): return 42 @baz('xyzzy') def quux(): return 42
  • 29. Classes class Foo(object): def __init__(self, bar): self.bar = bar
  • 30. Docstrings "Modules can have docstrings." class Foo(object): "Classes can have docstrings too." def __init__(self, bar): "So can functions/methods."
  • 31. Exceptions try: raise Exception("OH NOES!") except: log_error() raise else: do_some_more() finally: clean_up()
  • 32. Namespaces import logging from datetime import timedelta from decimal import Decimal as D
  • 33. Introspection >>> dir(Foo) ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__']
  • 34. Introspection >>> help(Foo) Help on class Foo in module __main__: class Foo(__builtin__.object) | Classes can have docstrings too. | | Methods defined here: | | __init__(self, bar) | So can functions/methods. | ... -------------------------------------------------------- | Data descriptors defined here:
  • 35. And more... • Generators • Properties • Generator Expressions • Context Managers • List Comprehensions • Class Decorators • Set Comprehensions • Abstract Base Classes • Dictionary • Metaclasses Comprehensions
  • 36. Style: PEP-8 • No tabs • Line breaks around 78-79 chars • Four-space indents • Some other OCD- • Don’t mix tabs & spaces pleasing ideas :-) • lower_case_methods • CamelCaseClasses
  • 37. Setup
  • 38. Environment Setup • Mac or Linux? You’ve already got Python! • You’ll also need Git if you don’t have it; download it from http://git-scm.com or use your package manager to install it • Windows? Well, then...
  • 39. Windows Setup • Portable Python and Portable Git • Won’t modify your system at all • Can be easily uninstalled • If you want to permanently install Python and Git you can easily do that too
  • 40. Portable Python 2.7 • Download http://bit.ly/13eyQGn http://p.osuosl.org/pub/portablepython/v2.7/PortablePython_2.7.3.1.exe • Run the .EXE • Install into c:django-precompiler • Download won't work? p://p.codemash.org/webdev_with_django
  • 41. Portable Git • Download http://bit.ly/X4dGps http://msysgit.googlecode.com/files/Git-1.8.0-preview20121022.exe • Create a new folder • Extract archive into a new folder: c:django-precompilerPortable Git 1.8.0-preview20121022 • Download won't work? p://p.codemash.org/webdev_with_django
  • 42. Fixing the Path • Download: https://gist.github.com/4399659 • Save it as a file named run-cmd.bat • Run it • Download won't work? p://p.codemash.org/webdev_with_django
  • 43. Installing Packages • easy_install: easy_install package • pip: pip install package
  • 44. Installing Packages • Installed packages go into a site-packages directory in your Python lib • That’s the “system Python” by default • But different programs may need different versions of packages... • So we have virtual environments!
  • 45. Virtual Environments • virtualenv • Creates an isolated Python environment with its own site-packages • Install whatever you want without fouling anything else up
  • 46. Python 2 or 3? • The future of Python is Python 3 • Django 1.5 has experimental Python 3 support • Python 2.7 is still recommended for production applications • Django 1.6 will fully support Python 3
  • 47. Activate the Virtual Environment # Mac/Linux/etc... $ virtualenv django-precompiler $ cd django-precompiler $ source bin/activate # Windows > python virtualenv django-precompiler > cd django-precompiler > Scripts/activate.bat
  • 49. Request Django Response
  • 50. Request Framework Middleware Django URLs Response Views Models Templates Tags & DB Filters
  • 52. CODE SMASH! • Code Smash is a fictional soware development conference for people who need to punch out awesome code • It needs a website! • We’re going to build one
  • 53. Starting a Project # Normally... $ git init src # Today... $ git clone https://github.com/finiteloopsoftware/ django-precompiler.git src $ cd src $ git reset --hard ex00
  • 54. Defining Requirements • requirements.txt • A basic example: MyApp Framework==0.9.4 Library>=0.2 http://someserver.org/packages/MyPackage-3.0.tar.gz
  • 55. Requirements • Create a requirements.txt • Require Django version 1.5; use: https://www.djangoproject.com/download/1.5c1/tarball/
  • 56. Installing Requirements $ pip install -r requirements.txt
  • 57. Starting a Project # Mac/Linux/etc. $ django-admin.py startproject codesmash ./ $ python manage.py runserver # Windows > python Scripts/django-admin.py startproject codesmash > python manage.py runserver
  • 58. New Project Contents src/ codesmash/ __init__.py settings.py urls.py wsgi.py manage.py
  • 60. Templates • Make a templates directory under src: $ mkdir templates • Update settings to tell Django where to find the templates • Put an HTML file in the templates directory Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 61. URLs • Map URLs in requests to code that can be executed • Regular expressions! • Subsections of your site can have their own urls.py modules (more on this later) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 62. URLs from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url urlpatterns = patterns('',     url(r'^$', 'codesmash.views.home', name='home'), )
  • 63. Views • Code that handles requests • Other frameworks oen call these “controllers” • Basically a function that: • gets a request passed to it • returns text or a response Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 64. Views from django.http import HttpResponse def my_view(request): return HttpResponse("Hello, world!") Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 65. Views from django.http import HttpResponse from django.template import Context, loader def my_view(request): template = loader.get_template('template.html') context = Context({ ... }) return HttpResponse(template.render(context)) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 66. Views from django.shortcuts import render def my_view(request): return render(request, 'template.html', {...}) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 67. Exercise 1 • Create a template for the homepage • Create a view that will respond with the rendered template • Connect the / URL to the view Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 68. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex01
  • 70. Apps • Django believes strongly in separating chunks of a site into apps that can be reused • Ecosystem of reusable apps available • Create an app; from the src directory: $ django-admin.py startapp myapp > python Scripts/django-admin.py startapp myapp Framework Middleware • Add it to INSTALLED_APPS in settings.py URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 71. New App Contents src/ codesmash/ myapp/ __init__.py models.py tests.py <-- you should write them! views.py urls.py <-- you'll want to make one of these forms.py <-- one of these too Framework Middleware templates/ URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 72. App URLs from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views', url(r'^$', 'my_view', name='my_form'), ... ) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 73. Connecting App URLs # Use include to connect a regex to an app's urls.py # Use namespace to keep app URL names nicely isolated urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^myapp/', include('myapp.urls', namespace='myapp')), ... ) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 74. Form Validation • Why? • Classes for each kind of input field • Form class to gather input fields • View method uses the form class to validate inputs Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 75. A Very Simple Form from django import forms class MyForm(forms.Form): name = forms.CharField(max_length=30) email = forms.EmailField() Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 76. Using a Form in a View from myapp.forms import MyForm def my_view(request): form = MyForm(request.POST or None) if request.method == "POST" and form.is_valid(): name = form.cleaned_data['name'] email = form.cleaned_data['email'] # do something great with that data return render(request, 'myapp/myform.html', { 'form': form Framework }) Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 77. Django Template Language • Call a function or do logic: {% ... %} • Variable substitution: {{ bar }} • Filters: Framework {{ foo|bar }} Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 78. Forms in Templates <html> ... <body> <form action="{% url 'myapp:my_form' %}" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <button type="submit">Go!</button> </form> Framework </body> Middleware </html> URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 79. Sending Mail • Add an EMAIL_BACKEND in settings.py EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend' • Import and use from django.core.mail import send_mail send_mail('subject', 'message', 'sender', ['recipient', ...]) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 80. Exercise 2 • Create a contact app • Create a contact form with subject, message, and sender’s email address • Create view to display and process the form and “send” the message • Connect the view to “/contact” URL Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 81. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex02
  • 82. Redirecting on Success • Make the POST action redirect with a GET on successful processing • Avoid “resubmit form” issues when reloading or returning to success page (browser back button) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 83. Redirecting from django.shortcuts import redirect def my_view(request): ... return redirect('namespace:name') Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 84. Exercise 3 • Make a separate contact form URL and template for displaying a success message • Update the POST handler to redirect to the success page Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 85. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex03
  • 87. Template Inheritance • Define a base template for the site • Other templates extend the base template • Blocks allow child templates to inject content into areas of the parent template Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 88. base.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta name="..." content="..."> <title>{% block title %}My Site{% endblock %}</ title> </head> <body> {% block content %} {% endblock %} </body> Framework </html> Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 89. helloworld.html {% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Hello, World{% endblock %} {% block content %} <h1>Hey! Great!</h1> <p>Sure is some lovely content right here.</p> <p>Yup.</p> {% endblock %} Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 90. Exercise 4 • Refactor those templates! • Make a base.html with appropriate blocks • Make other templates extend it and fill in the blocks Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 91. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex04
  • 93. No Need to Reinvent • Django comes with a robust user framework: django.contrib.auth • Registration • Login/Logout • Password Recovery Framework • Etc. Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 94. Database Settings import os PROJECT_ROOT = os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..")) DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'NAME': os.path.join( PROJECT_ROOT, "database.db") Framework } Middleware } URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 95. Create the Database $ python manage.py syncdb Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 96. Extend the UserCreationForm from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm class RegistrationForm(UserCreationForm): class Meta(UserCreationForm.Meta): fields = ("username", "email") Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 97. Register the User form = RegistrationForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): form.save() Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 98. Login Aer Registration from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login user = authenticate( username=form.cleaned_data['username'], password=form.cleaned_data['password1']) login(request, user) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 99. The User Object • Always have one in every request • Always available to templates • Can be anonymous or populated depending on whether the user has authenticated
  • 100. Exercise 5 • Start a new app called • Profile page should just “accounts” display username and email • Set up a UserCreationForm • Set up templates for the subclass in accounts.forms form and profile page in with username and email templates/accounts/ • Set up a view that displays • Wire up the URLs (be sure to the form on GET give them names) • Make the view handle POSTs • Link to registration from the Framework – check the form, register the header Middleware user, log in, and redirect to a user profile page URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 101. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex05
  • 102. User Login & Logout
  • 103. More Reusable Goodness • django.contrib.auth provides URLs and views for login and logout • Will want to provide our own templates Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 104. URLs urlpatterns = patterns('', ... (r'auth/', include('django.contrib.auth.urls', namespace='auth')), ... ) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 105. Templates to Override • templates/registration/login.html • templates/registration/logged_out.html Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 106. Login/Logout Links {% url 'auth:login' %} {% url 'auth:logout' %} Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 107. Differentiate Logged In/Out {% if user.is_authenticated %} ... {% else %} ... {% endif %} Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 108. Exercise 6 • Enable auth URLs • Show username in header when user is • Add login and logout logged in links to the site header • Link to user profile when • Show login when user is user is logged in logged out, logout when user is logged in • Customize login and logout pages Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 109. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex06
  • 111. Django Admin • Free CRUD! • Navigate database data by model • Make changes • Highly customizable Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 112. Enabling the Admin App • Uncomment admin lines from INSTALLED_APPS in settings.py • Uncomment admin lines from the project’s urls.py • Mini-exercise: go do that :-) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 113. Demo Time! git reset --hard ex07
  • 115. django.contrib.flatpages • Store simple “flat” HTML pages in the database • Has a URL, title, and content • Useful for one-off pages with no logic that don’t deserve full apps • Add/edit content via the admin app Framework Middleware • Let’s enable it now! URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 116. settings.py • Add to INSTALLED_APPS: django.contrib.flatpages • Add to MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES: django.contrib.flatpages.middleware.FlatpageFallback Middleware Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 117. urls.py •Change root URL to use flatpage: url(r'^$', 'django.contrib.flatpages.views.flatpage', {'url': '/' }, name='home') Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 118. Make a Flatpage Template • Put it in templates/flatpages/default.html • In the title block, add: {{ flatpage.title }} • In the content block, add: {{ flatpage.content }} Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 119. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex08
  • 120. Meanwhile, in the admin app...
  • 121. Conference Talks: An App with a Custom Data Model
  • 122. Models • Model classes are the nouns of the system • Used to create database tables • Integrated with the ORM to interact with the database • Need to `python manage.py syncdb` when adding a new model class Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 123. Models from django.db import models class Thingy(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=255) awesome = models.BooleanField(default=True) description = models.TextField(blank=True) def __str__(self): return self.name Framework Middleware def __unicode__(self): # note: not in Python 3 return unicode(str(self)) URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 124. Exercise 9 • Create a “talks” app to manage talks • Create a Talk model; it should have: • title - up to 255 characters • approved - true or false, default false • recording_release - true or false, default false • abstract - text describing the talk Framework • outline - text outlining the talk Middleware URLs • notes - text about the talk that won't be public Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 125. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex09
  • 126. Wiring the Model for Admin Access • Each app manages its own admin wiring • Goes into an admin.py within the app Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 127. admin.py from django.contrib import admin from myapp.models import Thingy admin.site.register(Thingy) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 128. Exercise 10 • Create an admin.py for the talks app • Register the Talk model • Start up the admin app and verify that Talks appears Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 129. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex10
  • 130. Pluralize All the Thingys! class Thingy(model.models): ... class Meta: verbose_name_plural = "Thingies" Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 131. Relations • Foreign key (one-to-many) • Many-to-many Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 132. Foreign Key Relations class Thingy(models.Model): ... class Gadget(models.Model): ... class Gizmo(models.Model): thingy = models.ForeignKey(Thingy) gadget = models.ForeignKey(Gadget, blank=True, null=True) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 133. Many-to-Many Relations class Thingy(models.Model): ... class Gizmo(models.Model): thingies = models.ManyToManyField(Thingy) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 134. Saving a Model Object thingy = Thingy() thingy.size = 'big' thingy.save() gadget = Gadget(thingy=thingy) gadget.save() gizmo = Gizmo(thingies=[thingy]) gizmo.save() Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 135. Exercise 11 • Create new model classes • All should have a name, up for foreign keys: to 255 characters • Category • All should have a __str__; Time Slot’s should use • Talk Type strime (see strime.net) • Audience Skill Level • Location and Time Slot should be optional • Location • Do a many-to-many on Framework django.contrib.auth.models. Middleware • Time Slot User for talk speakers URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 136. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex11
  • 137. Meanwhile, in the admin app...
  • 138. Changing Existing Models • Adding/removing/changing fields in a model requires a schema migration • Django doesn’t support it out of the box • Pro mode: use South Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 139. Cheesy Precompiler Way $ ./manage.py dbshell > DROP TABLE talks; $ ./manage.py syncdb Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 140. Querying the Model all_thingies = Thingy.objects.all() single_thingy = Thingy.objects.get(id=1) big_thingies = Thingy.objects.filter(size='big') ordered_thingies = Thingy.objects.all().order_by('size') Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 141. Relations in Templates • When a model object retrieved from the ORM has relations, you get a relation manager and not an actual iterable collection • Need to call .all() (or get or filter) on it before you get back the related model objects Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 142. Relations in Templates {% for gizmo in gizmos %} {% for thingy in gizmo.thingies.all %} ... {% endfor %} {% endfor %} Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 143. Exercise 12 • Create a view and template to display a list of all talks, ordered by title • Be sure to display all of the talk speakers Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 144. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex12
  • 145. Optimizing Queries • What we just did will make lots of extra database queries (because of the loops) • Go read up on: • select_related: does a join in SQL • prefetch_related: queries in advance, caches results, allows “join” in Python
  • 146. Model Managers • A place to encapsulate data queries • Extend to provide extra queries with developer-friendly interfaces Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 147. Model Managers class ThingyManager(models.Manager): def big_ones(self): return self.get_query_set().filter(size='big') def of_color(self, color): return self.get_query_set().filter(color=color) class Thingy(models.Model): Framework objects = ThingyManager() Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 148. Using a Model Manager big_thingies = Thingy.objects.big_ones() green_thingies = Thingy.objects.of_color('green') Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 149. Exercise 13 • Move the queries from the previous exercise into a TalkManager • Change the queries to only get talks that have been approved Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 150. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex13
  • 151. Generic Views • Many views fall into the same patterns • Django provides generic view classes for things like showing a list of objects, creating an object, updating an object, deleting, etc. • Subclass and set properties or override certain methods to customize Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 152. Generic List Views from django.views.generic import ListView class ThingyListView(ListView): queryset = Thingy.objects.all() Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 153. Generic List View URLs from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from myapp.views import ThingyListView urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views', ... url(r'^$', ThingyListView.as_view(), name='things') Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 154. Generic List View Templates • Generic List Views are automatically wired to templates • Naming convention: lowercase model name + “_list.html”, eg: templates/myapp/thingy_list.html Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 155. Exercise 14 • Replace the view that lists talks with a generic list view • Redo the URL mapping to use your new generic list view subclass Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 156. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex14
  • 157. Can You Guess What’s Next? • Need to create new talks • We could do it the hard way... • Make a Form • Make a View • Read validated data, put it into a model object Framework • Save the model, redirect... Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 158. Model Forms from django import forms from myapp.models import Thingy class ThingyForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = Thingy exclude = ('flavor', 'user') Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 159. Generic Create Views from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView from myapp.forms import ThingyForm class ThingyCreationView(CreateView): model = Thingy form_class = ThingyForm success_url = "/accounts/profile" Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 160. Generic Create View Templates • Generic Create Views are automatically wired to templates • Naming convention: lowercase model name + “_form.html”; eg: templates/myapp/thingy_form.html Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 161. Exercise 15 • Make a Generic Create • Be sure to connect a View and Model Form to “create” URL to the new submit new talk Generic Create View proposals • Don’t forget a template! • Exclude approval status, location, and time slot • Link to the create form (since the speaker from user profile doesn’t control them) • List user’s submitted Framework talks on user profile Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 162. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex15
  • 163. Generic Edit Views from django.shortcuts import resolve_url from django.view.generic.edit import UpdateView from myapp.forms import ThingyForm class ThingyUpdateView(UpdateView): form_class = ThingyForm queryset = Thingy.objects.all() def get_success_url(self): return resolve_url('myapp:thingy') def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): Framework context = super(ThingyUpdateView, self).get_context_data(**kwargs) context['editing'] = True Middleware return context URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 164. Generic Edit View URLs from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from myapp.views import ThingyUpdateView urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views', ... url(r'(?P<pk>[0-9]+)$', ThingyUpdateView.as_view(), name='update'), ) Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 165. Exercise 16 • Create a Generic Edit View for talks • Use the Model Form from the previous exercise • Be sure to wire it to a URL for editing • Change the existing template to indicate whether we’re editing or creating Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 166. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex16
  • 167. Security in Views • Can you spot a security problem in the previous exercise? • Anyone can edit any talk! • Generic views can restrict access by limiting the queryset available in the view Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 168. Restricting Object Access # In models.py... class ThingyManager(models.Manager): def for_user(self, user): return self.get_query_set().filter(user=user) # In views.py... class ThingyUpdateView(UpdateView): def get_queryset(self): Framework return Thingy.objects.for_user( Middleware self.request.user) URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 169. Exercise 17 • Lock down the update view from the previous exercise so that a talk may only be edited by its speakers Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 170. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex17
  • 171. Read-Only Data in Generic Edit Views • Model Form automatically builds form elements for everything in the model • Model Form excludes anything that it was told to exclude • Excluded fields are still available as attributes of a variable called “object” (the Framework object being displayed/edited) Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 172. Read-Only Data in Generic Edit Views <form ...> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <p><input type="text" id="flavor" value="{{ object.flavor }}" disabled ></p> <input type="submit" value="Save Changes"> </form> Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 173. Exercise 18 • Change the talk form from the previous exercises • Show time slot, location, and approval status without allowing them to be modified Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 174. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex18
  • 175. Requiring Login from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required @login_required def my_login_only_view(request): return render(request, "myapp/my_view.html") Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 176. Exercise 19 • Require login on the user profile page Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 177. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex19
  • 178. Custom Template Filters • Django comes with many filters • You can add your own • Function that accepts a value and returns a string Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 179. Defining a Custom Filter # In myapp/templatetags/myfilters.py... from django import template from django.utils.html import format_html register = template.Library() @register.filter def my_filter(value): ... Framework return format_html("...") Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 180. Using a Custom Filter {% load myfilters %} {% block content %} <p>{{ foo|my_filter }}</p> <p>{{ bar }}</p> {% endblock %} Framework Middleware URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 181. Exercise 20 • Create a custom filter function “boolean_icon” that will show one image if a value is True and another if it’s False • Use the boolean_icon in the user’s profile to indicate whether a talk has been approved • Use static icons from the admin site: Framework from django.contrib.admin.templatetags.admin_static import static Middleware icon_url = static('admin/img/icon-{0}.gif'.format( URLs {True: 'yes', False: 'no', None: 'unknown'}[value]) Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 182. Let’s see the code! git reset --hard ex20
  • 183. Bonus Exercises • Show talks by time slot and/or location • Blog; include RSS feed • Sponsorship; include sponsor image upload and display • Enhance user profiles; include image upload, default to Gravatar Framework Middleware • Room swap/ticket swap URLs Views Tem- Models plates Tags & DB Filters
  • 184. A Little Bit About Deployment
  • 185. Django
  • 186. Varnish Nginx Static Files Gunicorn Django Django Django
  • 187. Where to Deploy • Gondor.io • Heroku • Webfaction • Google App Engine (if that’s what you’re into) • Your favorite VPS (Rackspace, AWS, etc.)
  • 189. Links • http://python.org • https://djangoproject.com • https://github.com/finiteloopsoware/ django-precompiler
  • 190. Credits • Image from Django Unchained by Sony Pictures http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/django-star-foxx-life- built-race-article-1.1220275 • Image of Django Reinhardt by ~Raimondsy http://raimondsy.deviantart.com/art/Django-Reinhardt-314914547 • Other images from ClipArt Etc. http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/
  • 191. Contact Information Mike Crute David Stanek Finite Loop Soware American Greetings http://mike.crute.org http://traceback.org @mcrute @dstanek Mike Pirnat American Greetings http://mike.pirnat.com @mpirnat
  • 192. Thanks for coming & happy hacking!