1. Most singular nouns add s Place places Nouns ending in s,x,sh,or ch ,add es. bush bushes Nouns ending with a vowel and y add s joy joys Nouns ending with a consonant y change the y to I add es City cities

2. Nouns ending in f or fe change the f to v and add es to some nouns, add s to others Calf calves Nouns ending with a vowel and o add s Piano pianos Nouns that have special plural spellings Man men Nouns that remain the same Deer deer

3. Common nouns Flag flags Proper nouns Tulip tulips To make a singular possessive noun add an apstrophe Bone of dog Dog`s bone To make a plural noun that does not end in s possessive add an apostrophe s Bikes of children Children`s bikes

4. To make a noun that ends in s a possessive add an apostrophe s Huts of calves Calves huts