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REVERSIBLE REACTIONS
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS What happens to gas when temperature changes?    T       V    T       P
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Both reactions are occurring simultaneously in a closed system at all times. The reaction: N 2 O 4(g)  + energy <==> 2 NO 2(g)   is described as reversible.
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Only when both reactions are occurring at the  same rate  and no changes can be observed, a  chemical equilibrium   has been reached.
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Factors to Reach Equilibrium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Describe what is happening when the temperature is changed? 2 NO 2(g)  <==> N 2 O 4(g)  + energy
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS When chemicals are reacted, there are 3 possible outcomes: 1. reaction goes to completion 2. reaction does not occur at all 3. reaction achieves equilibrium
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Factors Determining Rxn Occurrence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Example #1 Zn (s)  + 2 HCl (aq)     ZnCl 2(aq)  + H 2(g)   H = -152 kJ Enthalpy?  Exothermic in forward direction  Entropy?  Favours forward direction Prediction? Will occur to completion
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Example #2 3 C (s)  + 3 H 2(g)     C 3 H 6(g)    H = +20.4 kJ Enthalpy? Favours direction of reactants Entropy? Favours reactants Prediction? Both factors in same direction so reaction will not occur as written
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Example #3 2Pb(NO 3 ) 2(s)     2PbO (s)  + 4NO 2(g)  + O 2(g)  Δ H = + 597 kJ Enthalpy? Favours reactants Entropy? Favours products Prediction? 2 factors are working against each other and reaction will reach equilibrium
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Example #4 The following reaction achieves equilibrium.  3 H 2(g)  + N 2(g)  <===> 2 NH 3(g)  H = positive or negative? + heat negative
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Example #5 PCl 5(g)  <===> PCl 3(g)  + Cl 2(g)  H = positive or negative? heat + positive
REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Recall, some reactions require very large E A  values. Therefore another factor in determining reaction occurrence. If no information on E A  is given, assume sufficient energy is available.

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Tang 01 reversible reactions 2

  • 2. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS What happens to gas when temperature changes?  T   V  T   P
  • 3.
  • 4. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Both reactions are occurring simultaneously in a closed system at all times. The reaction: N 2 O 4(g) + energy <==> 2 NO 2(g) is described as reversible.
  • 5. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Only when both reactions are occurring at the same rate and no changes can be observed, a chemical equilibrium has been reached.
  • 6.
  • 7. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Describe what is happening when the temperature is changed? 2 NO 2(g) <==> N 2 O 4(g) + energy
  • 8.
  • 9. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS When chemicals are reacted, there are 3 possible outcomes: 1. reaction goes to completion 2. reaction does not occur at all 3. reaction achieves equilibrium
  • 10.
  • 11. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Example #1 Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq)  ZnCl 2(aq) + H 2(g)  H = -152 kJ Enthalpy? Exothermic in forward direction Entropy? Favours forward direction Prediction? Will occur to completion
  • 12. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Example #2 3 C (s) + 3 H 2(g)  C 3 H 6(g)  H = +20.4 kJ Enthalpy? Favours direction of reactants Entropy? Favours reactants Prediction? Both factors in same direction so reaction will not occur as written
  • 13. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Example #3 2Pb(NO 3 ) 2(s)  2PbO (s) + 4NO 2(g) + O 2(g) Δ H = + 597 kJ Enthalpy? Favours reactants Entropy? Favours products Prediction? 2 factors are working against each other and reaction will reach equilibrium
  • 14. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Example #4 The following reaction achieves equilibrium. 3 H 2(g) + N 2(g) <===> 2 NH 3(g)  H = positive or negative? + heat negative
  • 15. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Example #5 PCl 5(g) <===> PCl 3(g) + Cl 2(g)  H = positive or negative? heat + positive
  • 16. REVERSIBLE REACTIONS Predicting Reaction Occurrence Recall, some reactions require very large E A values. Therefore another factor in determining reaction occurrence. If no information on E A is given, assume sufficient energy is available.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlGrBcgANSY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFe8HtPcEB8&amp;feature=related
  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9G5HEOHo3Pk&amp;feature=related