5. TOTAL AND MARGINAL UTILITY Tacos consumed per meal Total Utility, Utils Marginal Utility, Utils 0 1 0 10 Units consumed per meal Units consumed per meal 30 20 10 Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6. TOTAL AND MARGINAL UTILITY Tacos consumed per meal Total Utility, Utils Marginal Utility, Utils 0 1 0 10 10 Units consumed per meal Units consumed per meal 30 20 10 Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
7. TOTAL AND MARGINAL UTILITY Tacos consumed per meal Total Utility, Utils Marginal Utility, Utils 0 1 2 0 10 18 10 8 Units consumed per meal Units consumed per meal 30 20 10 Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8. TOTAL AND MARGINAL UTILITY Tacos consumed per meal Total Utility, Utils Marginal Utility, Utils 0 1 2 3 0 10 18 24 10 8 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Units consumed per meal Units consumed per meal 30 20 10 Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9. TOTAL AND MARGINAL UTILITY Tacos consumed per meal Total Utility, Utils Marginal Utility, Utils 0 1 2 3 4 0 10 18 24 28 10 8 6 4 Units consumed per meal Units consumed per meal 30 20 10 Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10. TOTAL AND MARGINAL UTILITY Tacos consumed per meal Total Utility, Utils Marginal Utility, Utils 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 10 18 24 28 30 10 8 6 4 2 Units consumed per meal Units consumed per meal 30 20 10 Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
11. TOTAL AND MARGINAL UTILITY Tacos consumed per meal Total Utility, Utils Marginal Utility, Utils 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 10 18 24 28 30 30 10 8 6 4 2 0 Units consumed per meal Units consumed per meal 30 20 10 Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
12. TOTAL AND MARGINAL UTILITY Tacos consumed per meal Total Utility, Utils Marginal Utility, Utils 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 10 18 24 28 30 30 28 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 Units consumed per meal Units consumed per meal 30 20 10 Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 TU MU 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
13. TOTAL AND MARGINAL UTILITY Tacos consumed per meal Total Utility, Utils Marginal Utility, Utils 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 10 18 24 28 30 30 28 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 Units consumed per meal Units consumed per meal 30 20 10 Total Utility (utils) Marginal Utility (utils) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 TU MU 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Observe Diminishing Marginal Utility
14.
15. First 10 10 24 12 UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION How should the $10 income be allocated? Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) $ 10 income
16. First 10 10 24 12 Examine the two marginal utilities Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION $ 10 income
17. First 10 10 24 12 Examine the two marginal utilities … per dollar Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION $ 10 income
18. First 10 10 24 12 Decision: Buy 1 Product B for $2 Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION $ 10 income
19. First 10 10 24 12 Second 8 8 20 10 Third 7 7 18 9 Fourth 6 6 16 8 Fifth 5 5 12 6 Sixth 4 4 6 3 Seventh 3 3 4 2 Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION $ 10 income What next?
20. First 10 10 24 12 Second 8 8 20 10 Third 7 7 18 9 Fourth 6 6 16 8 Fifth 5 5 12 6 Sixth 4 4 6 3 Seventh 3 3 4 2 Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION $ 10 income What next? Buy one of each
21. First 10 10 24 12 Second 8 8 20 10 Third 7 7 18 9 Fourth 6 6 16 8 Fifth 5 5 12 6 Sixth 4 4 6 3 Seventh 3 3 4 2 Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION $ 10 income and then... ($5 left)
22. First 10 10 24 12 Second 8 8 20 10 Third 7 7 18 9 Fourth 6 6 16 8 Fifth 5 5 12 6 Sixth 4 4 6 3 Seventh 3 3 4 2 Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION $ 10 income third unit of product B
23. First 10 10 24 12 Second 8 8 20 10 Third 7 7 18 9 Fourth 6 6 16 8 Fifth 5 5 12 6 Sixth 4 4 6 3 Seventh 3 3 4 2 Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION $ 10 income $3 left...
24. First 10 10 24 12 Second 8 8 20 10 Third 7 7 18 9 Fourth 6 6 16 8 Fifth 5 5 12 6 Sixth 4 4 6 3 Seventh 3 3 4 2 Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION $ 10 income $3 left... Buy both!
25. First 10 10 24 12 Second 8 8 20 10 Third 7 7 18 9 Fourth 6 6 16 8 Fifth 5 5 12 6 Sixth 4 4 6 3 Seventh 3 3 4 2 Unit of product Product A: Price = $1 Product B: Price = $2 Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) Marginal utility, utils Marginal utility per dollar (MU/price) UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION $ 10 income Income is gone... the last dollar spent on each good gave the same utility (8) per dollar
26. Algebraic Restatement of the Utility Maximization Rule = UTILITY MAXIMIZING COMBINATION MU of product A Price of A MU of product B Price of B 8 Utils $1 16 Utils $2 =