1. BAQAI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF PHARM-D
ASSIGNMENT OF PHYSICAL PHARMACY
NAME: MUHAMMAD SIKANDAR
CLASS: 1ST YEAR (PHARM-D)
SESSION: 2013
COURSE CODE: PD-309
ROLL NO: 07
TEACHER NAME: MS. SHARMEEN
DATE: 18-02-2013
3. PHARMACY
1. The branch of the health sciences dealing with the preparation, dispensing, and
proper utilization of drugs.
2. A place where drugs are compounded or dispensed.
PHYSICAL PHARMACY
In the past physical pharmacy was associated with the area of pharmacy that
deals with the quantitative and theoretical principles of science as they applied to
the practice of pharmacy. But now a day’s physical pharmacy attempted to
integrate the factual knowledge of pharmacy through the development of Broet
Principles. Pharmacist should have the knowledge about the compatibility,
stability and biological reaction of drug.
PHARMACIST
The health professionals who are involved in the practice of the science as well as
the art of pharmacy are called Pharmacists.
HISTORY OF PHARMACY
The history of pharmacy dates back to ages. The most well known practice of
modern pharmacy began in the Middle East. The Muslim chemists made huge
progress in the field of chemistry as well as in botany. With this advancement
gradually the development of Pharmacology began by the Muslim physicians.
Muhammad ibn Zakariya Razi was a Persian alchemist, physician, chemist,scholar
and philosopher who made noteworthy contributions in the fields of alchemy and
medicine. He also advocated the use of chemicals and compounds as medicine.
If recorded History is to be believed then the Muslims of the Middle East were the
first Pharmacists in the world. Muslim Physicians developed the art of
Pharmacology with the help of botany and Chemistry. Interesting experiments
were conducted in those days with rare plants and their extracts to invent the
4. most amazing life saving medicines.
Consolidating the efforts of inventing medicines however, has been a recent
event. With market economy ruling the world, medicine production and
distributions gradually developed into an altogether different field. Today a
Pharmaceutical company is a commercial hub whose main action revolves around
research development, and distribution of drugs and other health care products.
The History of Pharmaceutical Company dates back to the earlier part of the 19
the Century. During the early years Switzerland, Germany and Italy were
considered to be the hub of most of the Pharmaceutical companies in the world.
The invention of life saving drugs like Penicillin and Insulin gave the growth of
Pharmaceutical Companies the much needed boost. Newer kinds of legislations
and laws came up in almost all the countries across the globe to legalize the
attempt of providing better health care by the Pharmaceutical Companies.
The History of Pharmaceutical Science also takes into account the understanding
of human biology and scientific approaches to study the human beings. Many
governments today offer special rewards to the companies who are willing to
conduct such voluntary health projects and market surveys. According to the
History of Pharmacology with the maturing of Pharmaceutical Companies the
distinction between prescribed drugs and non prescribed drugs became more
common. Today it is a norm everywhere that no Pharmaceutical company or shop
should sell or encourage in the selling of those products which can have an
adverse effect on a normal person who is not infected with the respective
disease. According to the History of Pharmaceutical Studies, the 1950s and the
I960s were the decades which saw tremendous growth in the mass production of
a whole lot of medicines. None of them, however, were as popular as the oral
contraceptive pill for the women. This method of contraception not only received
tremendous support from the Feminist organizations but also from the prostitute
quarters spread all across the world. Even today, such oral contraceptive pills are
distributed free of coast in many parts of the world. The History of
Pharmaceutical Science also takes into account the invention and distribution of
5. medicines meant for curing life style diseases like Asthma, Obesity, Cardiac
problems, Diabetes and High Blood Pressure.
ROLE OF MUSLIM PHARMACISTS
In the field of pharmacy, the first drugstores were opened by Muslim pharmacists
in Baghdad in 754, while the first apothecary shops were also founded by Muslim
practitioners.
Another renowned name behind the development of the Muslim pharmacy is
Abul al Qausim as Zahhrawi who si also known as Abulcasis in the western world.
The world famous physician, surgeon and scientist of Arabian as well as
Andalusian origin apart from being considered as the father of modern surgery
was the first one to prepare medicine by the processes of distillation as well as
sublimation. His book on liver servitors is a very important book in this regards in
which he gave some recipes to the readers to prepare the simple thichs,
compounding which the physicians and chemists can produce the complex drugs
which were in use at that time.
According to many hiostorians Sabur Ibn Sahl was the first physician in the world
who started writing a book on pharmacy in which he has described a variety of
drugs as well as th dosage and remedies of different ailments. Al Biruni the word
famous Persian Muslim polymath also penned one of the most famous Islamic
works on pharmacology which is named Kitabal-Saydalah or the book of drugs. In
this book he has given the details about the properties of different drugs. In this
book he has also gave an idea about the role of pharmacy as well as the functions
and duties of the pharmacists.
Ibn Sina in his book gave a list of more than 700 preparations of drugs, the
properties of these drugs. The mode of action and the indication of the drugs
were also there. In the cannon of medicine Ibn Sina actually devoted an entire
volume to the simple drugs that are easy to prepare at home. The works of Al-
6. madrini of Baghdad an cairo are also of importance. These works as well as the
works by Ibn al Wafid were printed in Latin language for more than 50 times. This
proves that the modern western pharmacy has been greatly influenced by the
Muslim pharmacy. The works of the pioneers behind the Muslim pharmacy often
translated inb different western languages. Many of the pioneers like Al
Muwaffaq has contributed to Muslim pharmacy. In the 10th century he in his
book The Foundation of the True properties of Remedies described the use of
resinous oxide as well as silicic acid. He also distinguished between sodium
carbonate and potassium carbonate. He in his book also mentioned about the
poisonous feature of copper compounds. He has also mentioned the distillation of
sea water before drinking it.
