This document provides an overview of Android, including: - A brief history from its founding in 2003 to the current version, 4.3 Jelly Bean - An explanation of Android's architecture including the Linux kernel, native libraries, Android runtime, application framework, and applications - Descriptions of key versions and their new features from 1.0 to 4.3 - Highlights of Android's software and hardware features, as well as challenges in the mobile environment - Advantages like customization opportunities and limitations like some Bluetooth functionality - A conclusion that hopes future versions address current limitations

1. A Presentation on
ANDROID
Group Name:- G1
Group Members :-
Mukesh Godara
Veer Bahadur
Tarique Naseem

2. Contents
• What is Android
• History of Android
• Architecture
• Versions of Android
• Features of Android
• Challenges
• Advantage and Disadvantage
• Conclusion

3. What is Android
• Google’s Android is a Linux based operating system designed
primarily for touchscreen devices like smartphones and tablet
computers. It is open source in nature and the code is released
under the Apache license which allows the software to be
freely modified and distributed by device manufactures,
wireless carriers, as well as individual users.

4. Brief History of Android
• In October 2003 Android Inc. founded by Andy Rubin,
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Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White.
In August 2005 Google acquire Android Inc.
On 5 November 2007 Open Handset Alliance(OHA)
formed to develop open standards for mobile devices.
On 12 November 2007 Android Beta SDK Released
On 23 September 2008 Android 1.1 released, Featured
on HTC Dream(G1)
Now latest version of Android is 4.3

5. Android Architecture

7. LINUX
KERNEL
•The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel. Android use
Linux kernel as its hardware abstraction layer between the
hardware and rest of the software.
•It also provides memory management, process management, a
security model, and networking, a lot of core operating system
infrastructures that are robust and have been proven over time

8. NATIVE LIBRARIES
•The next level up is the native libraries. Everything that
you see here in green is written in C and C++.

9. Android Run Time
•The Android Runtime was designed specifically for Android to meet
the needs of running in an embedded environment where you have
limited battery, limited memory, limited CPU.
•The DVM runs something called dex files, D-E-X and these are byte
codes that are the results of converting at build time. Class and JAR
Files.

10. Android Run Time
•This is in blue, meaning that it's written in the Java
programming language.
•The core library contains all of the collection classes,
utilities, IO, all the utilities and tools that you’ve come to
expected to use.

11. Application Framework
•This is all written in a Java programming language and the
application framework is the toolkit that all applications use.
•These applications include the ones that come with a phone like
the home applications, or the phone application.
•It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps that
will be written by you.
•So, all apps use the same framework and the same APIs.

12. APPLICATION LAYER
•And the final layer on top is Applications.
•This is where all the applications get written.
•It includes the home application, the contacts application, the
browser, and your apps.
•And everything at this layer is, again, using the same app
framework provided by the layers below.

13. Android Versions

14. Android Versions
• First Version of Android.
• The focus of Android beta is testing incorporating usability.
• Android beta will generally have many more problems on speed
and performance.
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First full version of android.
Released on September 23, 2008.
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support.
Quite slow in operating.
copy and paste feature in the web browser
is not present.

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Released on April 30, 2009.
Added auto-rotation option.
Copy and Paste feature added in the
web browser.
• Increased speed and performance but
not upto required level.
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Released on September 15, 2009.
Voice search and Search box were
added.
• Faster OS boot times and fast web
browsing experience.
• Typing is quite slower.

16. • Released on October 26, 2009.
• Bluetooth 2.1 support.
• Improved typing speed on virtual
keyboard, with smarter dictionary.
• No Adobe flash media support.

17. • Released on May 20, 2010.
• Support for Adobe Flash 10.1
• Improved Application launcher with better
browser
• No internet calling.
• Released on December 6, 2010.
• Updated User Interface with
high efficiency and speed
• Internet calling
• One touch word selection and copy/paste.
• New keyboard for faster word input.
• More successful version of Android than
previous versions.
• not supports multi-core processors.

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Released on February 22, 2011.
Support for multi-core processors
Ability to encrypt all user data.
This version of android is only
available for tablets.
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Released on November 14, 2011.
Virtual button in the UI.
A new typeface family for the UI, Roboto.
Ability to shut down apps that are using
data in the background.

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Released on June 27, 2012.
Bi-directional text and other language
support
• Ability to turn off notifications on an app
specific basis
• USB audio (for external sound DACs)
• Multiple user accounts (tablets only)
• Always-on VPN
• Keyboard with gesture typing (this feature is also
available for Android 4.0 and later via the Google
Keyboard app)

20.  Android Jelly Bean 4.3
• Released on 24 July 2013
• Latest version of Android.
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Bluetooth Low Energy support.
• Many security enhancements,
performance enhancements, and bug
fixes

21. FEATURES OF ANDROID

22.  SOFTWARE FEATURES
• Integrated browser based on the open source Web Kit
engine
• SQLite for relational data storage
• Media support for common audio, video, and still image
formats
• Dalvik Virtual Machine optimized for mobile devices

23.  Hardware Features
• Cellular networking : GSM, EDGE, 3G
• LAN : Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi
• Graphics Hardware Acceleration
• Camera, GPS and Compass
• Touch screen and accelerometer for motion sensing

24. Challenges
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CPU typically runs 500-600 Mhz
RAM available to an App may only be a few megabytes
Disk (flash) access is very slow
Lifecycle - apps must pause/quit often, and restore to give
the illusion that they are always running
UI design
• typical screen may be HVGA (320x480)
• may be in portrait or landscape
• very high DPI - small text may not be readable
• touch resolution is very low (~25 pixel)
Network access may be slow and (very) intermittent

25. ADVANTAGES
• The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform
• The consumer will benefit from having a wide range of mobile
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applications to choose from since the monopoly will be broken
by Google Android
Men will be able to customize a mobile phones using Google
Android platform like never before
Features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS feeds and
even the icons on the opening screen will be able to be
customized
As a result of many mobile phones carrying Google Android,
companies will come up with such innovative products like the
location
In addition the entertainment functionalities will be taken a
notch higher by Google Android being able to offer online real
time multiplayer games

26. Limitations
Bluetooth limitations
Android doesn't support:Bluetooth stereo
Contacts exchange
Modem pairing
Wireless keyboards
But it'll work with Bluetooth headsets, but
that's about it

27. Conclusion
We can only hope that the next
versions of Android have overcome
the actual limitations and that the
future possibilities became a reality

28. Thank you for your
attention!
Any questions?