Entrepreneurship DevelopmentEntrepreneurship Development
through Processing andValue Additionthrough Processing andValue Addition
Entrepreneurship DevelopmentEntrepreneurship Development
through Processing andValue Additionthrough Processing andValue Addition
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RENU BALAKRISHNANRENU BALAKRISHNAN11, ASHISH SANTOSH MURAI, ASHISH SANTOSH MURAI22, KHWAIRAKPAM, KHWAIRAKPAM
BEMBEMBEMBEM11, SANDEEP MANN, SANDEEP MANN11 AND TH. BIDYALAKSHMIAND TH. BIDYALAKSHMI11
ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana (Punjab)
ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Ludhiana (Punjab)

2nd largest arable land
Rural India 90 m agricultural
households (54.6%)
Largest livestock population
Largest producer of milk,
pulse, millets, jute, cotton
Second largest producer of
rice, wheat, sugarcane,90% of farmers < 2 ha land
52% of agril. Households is
indebted (NSSO, 70th Round)
Average monthly income/
agril. Household- Rs 6500/-
rice, wheat, sugarcane,
groundnut, fruits & vegetables
Leading producer of spices,
plantation, livestock & poultry
Total food grain production-
284.83 mt (2017-18,
4thAdvance Estimate)
90% of farmers < 2 ha land
(Average size- 1.15 ha)
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Small size of land holding
Inefficient water management
Lack of access to inputs
Lack of timely support
Lack of ability to diversify
Location inaccessibility
Lack of access to credit
Inadequate market accessLack of timely support
Lack of knowledge
Lack of location specific &
small farmer friendly
technologies or inputs
Inadequate market access
Lack of value addition at
farm level
Weak organistional capacity
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 Paddy : 56 - 89 %
 Wheat: 77 - 88 %
 Coarse grains: 72 - 86 %
 Pulses: 79 - 86 %
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 Pulses: 79 - 86 %
 Oil seeds: 40 - 85 %
 Horticultural crops: 32 - 68 %
(DAC, 2013)

Doubling
Farmers
Income
Farming
as
BusinessIncome Business
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Entrepreneur/ Agripreneur

Agribusiness - different businesses involved in agricultural
sector
Agripreneur - Farmer who organizes his/her farm, livestock,
labour etc. in such a manner that responds to the market
demand or creates its own demand & fetches reasonable
income
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Agripreneur
Identify opportunities
 Take calculated risks
 Brings together all the resources to make a product / service
 Manage the enterprise Manage the enterprise
 Persistently purse prospects to grow
 Anticipate market changes
 Adapt the business accordingly
Entrepreneurship
Process of creating & managing such a market led enterprises 7

Supporting
Phase
Stimulatory
Phase
Mental preparation Backing
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Sustenance
Phase
Follow up

1. Stimulatory Phase
 Mentally prepare farmer to take up entrepreneurial venture
 Help farmer
 To identify his/her potentials
 Opportunities Opportunities
 Market
 Identify the enterprise
 Ensure the readiness of farmer to start the enterprise
 SWOT analysis of the enterprise
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2. Supporting Phase
 All sort of support should be provided as & when required while
farmer produce & finally market their products
 Training on technical aspects
 Assistance to find services like financial assistance, regulatory
agencies, experts & advisors, suppliers etc.agencies, experts & advisors, suppliers etc.
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3. Sustenance Phase
 Agripreneur get feedback about their products/services
 Follow-up to agripreneur whether to expand, diversify,
modernize or restoration of the unit

Technique: Micro screening
Identify at least 10 potentially feasible project ideas
Identify most viable project based on 10 factors
• Availability of market
• Availability of raw material
• Availability of technology
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• Availability of technology
• Availability of skill
• Government priority
• Strategic fit
• Ease of implementation
• Risk exposure
• Profitability
• Cost / benefits

Micro-screening is done using a chart
Identify most viable project based on 10 factors
PJ MKT RM TEC SKL GOP SFT EI RE PFT C/B TTL CSF
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2
3
4
5
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12
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9
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10 factors will be rated on five point continuum scale
1-Poor, 2- Fair, 3- Satisfactory, 4- Very Satisfactory and 5- Excellent
SWOT analysis of business idea

Certain factors particular to the identified projects that are
crucial for the success of that specific project
PJ MKT RM TEC SKL GOP SFT EI RE PFT C/B TTL CSF
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2
3
4
5
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If any of the certain factors is missing or inadequate or not taken
care, it may lead to failure of the project

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National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business
Development
Under Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
1. NIESBUD, Noida
Under Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
Involved in:
 Training to entrepreneurs, trainers, consultants
 Consultancy in developing entrepreneurship
 Support to institutes conducting entrepreneurship training
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2. NSTEDB, New Delhi
National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development Board
Under Department of Science and Technology
Promote innovative knowledge based enterprises to generate self-
employment opportunities for science & technology persons
Involved in:
 Awareness camp on entrepreneurship
 Entrepreneurship Development Programme
 Open Learning Programme for Entrepreneurship Skill
Development Training through Science & Technology
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4. ICAR, New Delhi
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Promoting entrepreneurship through various schemes, EDPS, trainings,
technology licensing etc.
Schemes:
 Agri-Business Incubation (ABI) Centres
Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture (ARYA)
Student READY Programme
Value Addition & Technology Incubation Centres in Agriculture (VATICA)
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i. ABI Centres
 Aim is to encourage, nurture & support scientists & technologists to
convert the technologies developed by them into successful marketing
endeavours
 Started in 2009 under NAIP
 22 centres 22 centres
Promote Entrepreneurship:
 Providing commercializable technologies
 Skill up gradation through training
 Access to infrastructure facilities
 Marketing & business plan development 18

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Contd…
ABI Centre, ICAR-CIPHET, Ludhiana:
 Started on May 17, 2013
 Entrepreneurship development in
agro- processing & value addition
 Training Training
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 Utilize facilities available in institute for processing
 Aids in developing marketing linkages
 Technical backstopping

ii. ARYA
 Project under NAIF
 Attract & empower rural youth to take up various agriculture & allied
sector enterprises for earning sustainable income
 Implemented in 100 KVKs
 Each ARYA centre has to select at least 200 young farmers
 Multiple trainings to impart technical knowledge & entrepreneurial skills
 Exposure visit
 Interactive session with successful agripreneurs
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Contd…
ARYA Centre aids young farmer:
 Assists in developing business plan
 Developing potential linkages
 Marketing
 Monitor progress of the enterprise
 Introducing mid-term corrections if necessary Introducing mid-term corrections if necessary
 Provide necessary operational costs to support procurement
of critical inputs
KVK Bathinda, Punjab (2016-17):
» Trained 30 youths in the area of processing & value addition
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iii. Student READY Programme
 Rural Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana
 Convert agricultural graduates from job seekers to job providers by
promoting entrepreneurship
 Focuses on under-graduate students
5 components:5 components:
 Experiential learning
 Rural Awareness Works Experience
 In-Plant training / Industrial attachment
 Hands-on training (HOT)/ Skill development training
 Students projects
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iv. VATICA
 To popularize post-harvest management ventures aimed to
minimize post-harvest losses
 20 KVK’s has to establish Value addition and Technology Incubation
Unit
 Unit is for providing long term skill based trainings to farmers, Unit is for providing long term skill based trainings to farmers,
youths and FPO’s in the area of processing and value addition
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National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management
Involved in:
 Management based research and education
 Training
5. MANAGE, Hyderabad
 Training
 Consultancy
 Information & documentation services
 Implements centrally sponsored schemes (AC&ABC) scheme
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Nodal Training Institutions (NTI) identified by MANAGE assist
selected agricultural graduates in preparing bankable projects,
sanctioning loan and setting up their ventures.
Under this schemes, around 285 ventures were set up in the area
of value addition from March 2002-2017

Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship
Under Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
Autonomous institution to promote & develop entrepreneurship
5. IIE, Guwahati
Involved in:
 Research
 Consultancy services
 Organize training programmes
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Rural Development and Self-Employment Training Institute
NGO
Engaged in empowering less educated youth through entrepreneurship
development
6. RUDSETI
Programme:
 New entrepreneurs: Agril. EDPs, Product EDPs, Process EDPs &
General EDPs
 For established entrepreneurs: focus on skill up gradation &
further growth
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National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development
Involved in:
Provide credit support to SHG’s, NGO’s & other
7. NABARD
Provide credit support to SHG’s, NGO’s & other
development agencies which promote entrepreneurship
development particularly producer organisations
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8. ASCI
Agricultural Skill Council of India
Aim to upgrade the skills of farmers, agricultural labourers, all
workers (either directly or indirectly) involved in agricultural &
allied sectors through capacity building
Involved in:
Developing Qualification Packs (QPs)
National Occupation Standards (NOS)
Provides sector specific training to farmers
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Under Ministry of Finance
Provides loans up to 10 lakh to the non-corporate, non-farm small/micro
enterprises
Three Interventions:
i. Shishu: For initial stage/requires less fund; Loan up to ₹ 50000
ii. Kishore: For starting business / those who want to expand their
1. Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY)
ii. Kishore: For starting business / those who want to expand their
business; Loan ₹ 50000/- to ₹ 5 lakh
iii. Tarun: Loan above ₹ 5 lakh to ₹ 10 lakh
Loans are provided by commercial banks, RRBs, SFBs, Non-Banking
Financial Companies and MFIs
Borrower can approach any of these lending institutions/ can apply online
through the portal www.mudramitra.in.

NABARD scheme under Ministry of Finance
Credit facilities to marketing federation/corporations/
cooperatives for production, aggregation, processing,
marketing etc.
2. Producer Organisation Development Fund (PODF)
Concerned institution can apply to banks to avail the credit
facility

Under Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Development of agro-marine processing & agro-processing clusters
3. Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana

Develop a mechanism to link agricultural production & market
Aims to increase value addition, reduce wastages, increase farmers’
income & create employment in rural area
Cluster based approach based on a hub & spokes model
Mega Food Park (MFP)Contd…

Under Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
100 % grant-in-aid for purchase of machinery & contingency
expenses for setting up units using post-harvest technologies &
management, value addition, by-product management etc.
4. Post-harvest Technology and Management
management, value addition, by-product management etc.
Individual farmers, SHGs, cooperatives etc. can apply for the grand
to Joint Secretary (M&T), DAC&FW, New Delhi

Under Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
Financial support for starting dairy and allied business ventures
Provides back end capital subsidy with ceiling of 25 %, minimum
10 % contribution from entrepreneur
5. Dairy Entrepreneurship Development
10 % contribution from entrepreneur
Farmers, individual entrepreneurs, SHGs can apply to commercial
banks, state cooperative banks, RRBs for availing the loan

Farmers, to continue with agriculture, should be able to make profit out
of it, which required considering farming as a business
Entrepreneurship is a creative process which consists of identifying
opportunities, transforming the available, resources into productive
component, marketing of the productive component & therefore creation
of wealthof wealth
Entrepreneurship development among farmers is very important in the
present scenario & government & other agencies are encouraging
entrepreneurship development
Farmers must be sensitized about opting for entrepreneurial ventures
considering their strengths & available market opportunities
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1) Annual Report (2016-17). ICAR-ATARI, Zone-I, Ludhiana.
2) Business World (2018). Retrieved from
http://www.businessworld.in/article/Indian-Food-Market-Expected-To-
Cross-USD-540-Billion-By-2020-Suresh-Prabhu-Union-Minister-For-
Commerce-Industry/18-01-2018-137731/
3) De, D. (1985). Status symbol and innovative entrepreneurship are predictors of
farmers progressivism. Journal of Extension System. Vol. (1), No. (1), pp. 81-
84.84.
4) Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Government of
India (2019). 4th Advance Estimates of production of major crops for 2018-
19.
5) Drucker, P. (1964). Managing for results. Harper & Row Publishers, New York.
6) MANAGE (2017). Skill Development Schemes: AC&ABC, DAESI, STRY, FCAC.
Directorate of Extension. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
Government of India.
7) Ministry of Food Processing Industries (2019). Government of India. Retrieved
from http://mofpi.nic.in/about-us/whos-who on 10.09.2019
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