1. Land use planning for sustaining soybean
production and conservation agriculture:
Use of high science tools
S M Virmani and P Padmavathi
in association with
Obireddy and D Sarkar
Workshop on GIS Applications in Natural Resource Management
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management,
20 to 23 February 2013
1
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

2. Key words
Sustainable Agriculture:
 Yield of crops as near to potential yields/ yields obtained
at scientist managed plots;
 The land use can sustain abiotic shocks (eg. water deficit/
droughts) and has the capacity to return to normal
quickly; and,
 The land use is economically viable and socially
acceptable.
2
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

3. High Science Tools:
GIS: Geographical Information Systems
GPS: Geo Positioning System
RS: Remotely Sensed Information or Data
Continued.. 3
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

4. The Context
In early January 2012, the Prime Minister of India, noted that
42% of children in age group of 4-5 years are highly protein /
calorie malnourished. He threw a gauntlet to the scientific
community to meet this challenge.
 The Director General of ICAR called a meeting to suggest ways /
means to meet this deficit in our country.
 It was suggested that soybeans, grown on some 11 million ha of land
can meet both the protein and energy food needs.
 Soybeans contain 40% protein and 20% oil.
 CFTRI has made several preparations of soybean.
 In fact in China and in Africa soybean is one of major sources of
protein to the humans.
4
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

5. Area, output and yield of soybeans: 1973 to 2004
5
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

6. Soybean data used for analysis:
NBSS & LUP: 2005 to 06
CRIDA: 2005 to 11
6
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

7. Core Growing Area of Soybean
Core Soybean Growing Area
1
(2005-06 to 2010-11)
14
16
2 13
4
17
9
5 10 11 15
12
6
Legend
7
Agro_eco_region
3 18 State Boundary
19 Core Soybean Growing area
('000 ha)
8
20 10 - 41
41 - 88.3
88 - 151
151 - 227
227 - 432
7
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

8. Soybean Productivity in Core Growing Area
Soybean Productivity in
Core Growing Area
1
(2005-06 to 2010-11)
14
16
2 13
4
17
9
5 10 11 15
12
6
Legend
7
Agro_eco_region
3 18 State Boundary
19 Productivity
(Kg/ha)
8 404 - 691
20 691 - 933
933- 1190
1190 - 1513
1513 - 1956
8
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

9. Soybean: Production and Productivity of the Core Districts
State District Produ- Area Production % Cum. % Cum. % Prod- % Cum. Ratio
ctivity (‘000 (‘000 tons) Area Area Area uction Prod-
(kg/ha ha) uction
M.P Ujjain 1222 432.4 528.4 5.2 432.4 5.2 6.0 6.0 1.1
M.P Shajpur 971 332.1 322.5 4.0 764.5 9.2 3.6 9.6 0.9
M.P Dewas 1233 293.4 361.8 3.5 1057.9 12.7 4.1 13.7 1.2
M.P Sehore 1255 279 350 3.4 1336.9 16.1 4.0 17.7 1.2
M.P Rajgarh 1085 275.6 299.1 3.3 1612.5 19.4 3.4 21.1 1.0
M.P Sagar 752 264.5 198.9 3.2 1877.0 22.6 2.3 23.3 0.7
M.P Mandsaur 810 253.6 205.4 3.1 2130.7 25.7 2.3 25.6 0.8
M.P Dhar 1348 252.1 339.9 3.0 2382.8 28.7 3.8 29.5 1.3
MH Amravati 995 227.4 226.4 2.7 2610.2 31.4 2.6 32.0 0.9
MH Nagpur 1023 223.6 228.7 2.7 2833.8 34.1 2.6 34.6 1.0
RJ Jhalawar 1157 222.8 257.7 2.7 3056.6 36.8 2.9 37.5 1.1
M.P Indore 1350 219 295.6 2.6 3275.6 39.4 3.3 40.9 1.3
MH Yavatmal 794 217.6 172.8 2.6 3493.2 42.1 2.0 42.9 0.7
M.P Hoshangabad 992 202.4 200.8 2.4 3695.6 44.5 2.3 45.1 0.9
M.P Ratlam 1090 194.7 212.3 2.3 3890.3 46.8 2.4 47.5 1.0
M.P Betul 1085 189.3 205.3 2.3 4079.5 49.1 2.3 49.8 1.0
MH Washim 847 176.9 149.9 2.1 4256.5 51.3 1.7 51.5 0.8
RJ Baren 1213 174.4 211.6 2.1 4430.9 53.4 2.4 53.9 1.1
MH Buldhana 933 169.2 157.9 2.0 4600.1 55.4 1.8 55.7 0.9
MH Wardha 904 169 152.7 2.0 4769.1 57.4 1.7 57.5 0.8
M.P Harda 1483 166.3 246.6 2.0 4935.4 59.4 2.8 60.2 1.4
M.P Vidisha 1068 166.1 177.3 2.0 5101.5 61.4 2.0 62.2 1.0
MH Latur 1149 159.6 183.5 1.9 5261.1 63.4 2.1 64.3 1.1
M.P Guna 1090 159.4 173.8 1.9 5420.5 65.3 2.0 66.3 1.0
M.P Khandwa 692 151.9 105.1 1.8 5572.4 67.1 1.2 67.5 0.7
MH Nanded 871 143.3 124.9 1.7 5715.7 68.8 1.4 68.9 0.8
MH Chandrapur 848 141 119.6 1.7 5856.7 70.5 1.4 70.2 0.8
M.P Chindwara 1206 140.4 169.3 1.7 5997.1 72.2 1.9 72.2 1.1
M.P Neemach 801 121.7 97.5 1.5 6118.8 73.7 1.1 73.3 0.8
RJ Kota 1239 116.3 144.1 1.4 6235.1 75.1 1.6 74.9 1.2
MH Hingoli 1068 114.6 122.4 1.4 6349.6 76.5 1.4 76.3 1.0
RJ Chittorgarh 997 107.8 107.5 1.3 6457.4 77.8 1.2 77.5 0.9
M.P Shivpuri 791 107.3 84.9 1.3 6564.7 79.1 1.0 78.5 0.7
M.P Raisen 1139 105.2 119.8 1.3 6669.9 80.3 1.4 79.8 1.1
9
Number of districts: 34
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

10. % Irrigated area in Core Soybean Growing Area
Percent Irrigated Area in
Core Soybean Growing Area
Soybean is primarily
a dryland crop
Legend
State Boundary
Percent Irrigated Area
2007-2009
< 20
20- 40
40 - 60
60 - 80
80 - 100
10
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

11. % of Soybean Area to Total Area in Core Growing Area
% of Soybean Area to Total Area
1
14
16
2 13
4
17
9
5 10 11 15
12
6
Legend
7 Agro_eco_region
3 18 State Boundary
19 Percentage of Soybean area to
total area in the country
8 (% Area)
20 0.1 - 0.5
0.5- 1
1 - 1.8
1.8 - 2.7
11
2.7 - 5.2
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

12. Growth in soybean area and output since 1971 to 2005
Period Area Output Yield Share in gross
(‘000 ha) (‘000 tons) (kg/ha) cropped area (%)
1971/72 30 25 819 0.18
1975/76 to 1979/80 243 196 805 0.14
1980/81 to 1984/85 786 594 755 0.45
1985/86 to 1989/90 1679 1233 734 0.94
1990/91 to 1994/95 3645 3432 941 1.96
1995/96 to 1999/2000 5794 6232 1076 3.05
2000/01 to 2004/05 6616 6254 945 3.54
Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, various issues
12
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

13. Soil Drainage in Core Soybean Growing Area
13
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

14. Soil Erosion in Core Soybean Growing Area
14
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

15. Soybean: Comparison of low and high productivity
in selected districts /AERs
District / AER AESR LGP Rainfall PE (mm) Productivity
State (days) (mm) (kg/ha)
Bhind/ North Plains and 4.3 120-150 700-900 1400-1600 745
M.P Central Highlands
Gwalior/ 4.4 120-150 800-1000 1400-1600 1946
M.P
Latur/ Deccan Plateau, 6.2 120-150 700-1000 1700-1900 1149
MH Hot Semi-Arid
Nizamabad/ 6.2 120-150 700-1000 1700-1900 1604
A.P
15
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

16. Reference and Target Districts of Madhya Pradesh
STATE: MADHYA PRADESH
PRIORITY Reference District Target District
1 TIKAMGARH CHHATARPUR
1 GWALIOR SHIVPURI
1 JHABUA BARWANI
2 GWALIOR SHEOPUR
2 RAJGARH SHAJAPUR
2 NARSIMHAPUR REWA
2 CHHINDWARA SEONI
2 CHHINDWARA HOSHANGABAD
2 CHHINDWARA SATNA
2 CHHINDWARA SIDHI
2 INDORE WEST NIMAR
2 DEWAS EAST NIMAR
2 DHAR JHABUA
2 RATLAM MANDSAUR
2 RATLAM NEEMURCH
3 NARSIMHAPUR RAISEN
16
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

17. Reference and Target Districts of Maharashtra
STATE: MAHARASHTRA
PRIORITY Reference District Target District
2 AKOLA BULDANA
2 AKOLA AMRAVATI
2 NAGPUR WARDHA
2 NAGPUR CHANDRAPUR
2 NAGPUR YAVATMAL
2 HINGOLI NANDED
2 LATUR OSMANABAD
2 JALNA BID
2 SATARA AHMADNAGAR
2 SATARA NASHIK
3 JALGAON AKOLA
3 JALGAON NANDURBAR
3 JALGAON DHULE
3 JALGAON NASHIK
17
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

18. Soybean: Preliminary Survey Results
Low yields are related to;
 Land management practices
 Non planting on ridges & furrows
 Not adequately P, N & Zn fertilized
 Seed not renewed at regular intervals
 Poor drainage
 Poor germination/ plant stand
Selected KVKs in Maharashtra and M.P 18
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

19. Future..
 Select districts and train KVK scientists for increasing productivity
Continued..
19
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

20. Year Import
(‘000 tons)
1990/91 22
 Target districts with 1000-1200 kg ha-1 1991/92 22
productivity raise it to 2000 kg ha-1 in 1992/93 62
3-5 years time. 1993/94 29
1994/95 39
1995/96 101
 Use GIS and GPS technologies. 1996/97 21
1997/98 46
 Employ farmer – farmer transfer of 1998/99 440
‘Good production technologies’. 1999/2000 610
2000/01 583
2001/02 1358
 Our current import bill for soybean oil is 2002/03 1197
very high. 2003/04 993
2004/05 1048
Source: Monthly Statistics of Foreign Trade in India, Volume I, Annual Number, Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence
20
& Statistics, Kolkata, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, GOI National Academy of Agricultural Research Management

21. Acknowledgement:
Drs. K V Rao and Ch Srinivasa Rao, CRIDA, Hyderabad
Dr. Ramesh Chand, Director, NCAP, New Delhi
Thank you..
21
National Academy of Agricultural Research Management