2. DEFINITION:
• A PROCESS ASSISTING THE
RECOVERY OF ECOSYSTEM THAT
HAVE BEEN DEGRADED, DAMAGED
OR DESTROYED.
• BY SER( SOCIETY FOR ECOLOGICAL
RESTORATION):
3. PURPOSE
• RESTORATION HELPS IN REVERSING
LOSSES OF ECOSYSTEM LIKE
CLIMATE CHANGE, INVASIVE
SPECIES, DEGRADATION etc.
• CHECKS DECLINE IN BIODIVERSITY.
• IMPROVE HUMAN CONDITIONS
5. Ecosystem Properties
• Resistance: To resisst displacement from the initial stage
• Resiliance : If ecosystem is disturbed the activity of ecosystem to recover
the initial stage after disturbance
• Elasticity : The rate of recovring in the initial stage after disturbance
• Amplitude : A zone which the sys. Disturbed will return to initial stage with
high speed
• Hystrosis : The extent to which the pattern of recovery differs form the
path of degradation
• Malleablity : The degree to which the new permanent stage
establishment after disurbance diffrs from initial stage
12. RESTORATION PLAN
Ten Steps in a Successful Ecological Restoration.
• Inventory and map
• Describe the site's history
• Develop a hypothesis
• Develop goals
• Develop implementation plan
• Design a monitoring program
• Implement the restoration program.
• Prepare reports and papers
• Periodically evaluate the program
• Communicate with and educate
14. RESTORATION(CONT.)
No action
Too expensive
Previous attempts have failed
System may be able to recover on its own (eg: agricultural fields
returning to the wild)
Rehabilitation
Replace degraded ecosystem with another, using simple species
assemblage (eg: turn degraded forest into productive pasture)
Establishes a functioning community on site & restores
ecosystem services
Partial restoration
Restore some ecosystem functions & some original species
Start with hardy local species, leaving rare species for later
efforts
Complete restoration
Restore complete original species composition, structure &
function through a comprehensive reintroduction process
15. Different tools , Techniques And
Method For Ecosystem Restoration
• Microbes for soil fertility :-
• Azobactor &Frankia
• Nitrogen fixing bacteria for Nodulation in
Legumes :-
• Symbiotic association of Legume-
Rhizobia
• Use of Mycorrhizae in Reforestation :-
• Ectomycorrhizae, VAM/AM