Specifications of the 16 environmental quality objectives
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Specifications of the 16 environmental quality objectives
- 1. SPECIFICATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES The specifications of Sweden’s sixteen environmental quality objectives explain what is to be achieved and how the objectives are to be followed up
- 2. 1. REDUCED CLIMATE IMPACT The Swedish Parliament has adopted two specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Temperature 2. Concentration
- 3. 2. CLEAN AIR The Swedish Government has adopted ten specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Benzene 6. Particulate matter (PM10) 2. Benzo[a]pyrene 7. Ground-level ozone 3. Butadiene 8. Ozone index 4. Formaldehyde 9. Nitrogen dioxide 5. Particulate matter (PM2.5) 10. Corrosion
- 4. 3. NATURAL ACIDIFICATION ONLY The Swedish Government has adopted four specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. 2. Levels of atmospheric deposition Acidifying effects of forestry 3. Acidified lakes and watercourses 4. Acidified soils
- 5. 4. A NON-TOXIC ENVIRONMENT The Swedish Government has adopted six specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Total exposure to chemical substances 2. Unintentionally produced substances with hazardous properties Contaminated sites 5. Knowledge about the environmental and health properties of chemical substances 6. Information about dangerous substances in materials and products Use of particularly dangerous substances 3. 4.
- 6. 5. A PROTECTIVE OZON LAYER The Swedish Government has adopted two specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Turning point and recovery 2. Non-harmful concentrations of ozone-depleting substances
- 7. 6. A SAFE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT The Swedish Government has adopted four specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. 2. Radiological protection principles Radioactive substances 3. Ultraviolet radiation 4. Electromagnetic fields
- 8. 7. ZERO EUTROPHICATION The Swedish Government has adopted four specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Pressure on the marine environment 3. Status of lakes, watercourses, coastal waters and groundwater 2. Pressure on the terrestrial environment 4. Status of the marine environment
- 9. 8. FLOURISHING LAKES AND STREAMS The Swedish Government has adopted eleven specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Good ecological and chemical status 2. Unexploited and essentially undisturbed watercourses 3. Quality of surface water supplies 4. Ecosystem services 5. Structures and water flows 6. Favourable conservation status and genetic variation 7. Threatened species and restored habitats 8. Alien species and genotypes 9. Genetically modified organisms 10. Preserved natural and cultural heritage values 11. Outdoor recreation
- 10. 9. GOOD-QUALITY GROUNDWATER The Swedish Government has adopted six specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Groundwater quality 4. 2. Good chemical status of groundwater Good quantitative status of groundwater 5. Groundwater levels 6. Conservation of natural gravel deposits 3. Quality of discharging groundwater
- 11. 10. A BALANCED MARINE ENVIRONMENT, FLOURISHING COASTAL AREAS AND ARCHIPELAGOS The Swedish Government has adopted eleven specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Good environmental status 7. Alien species and genotypes 2. Good ecological and chemical status 8. Genetically modified organisms 9. Preserved natural and cultural heritage values 3. Ecosystem services 4. Shallow coastal areas 5. Favourable conservation status and genetic variation 6. Threatened species and restored habitats 10. Cultural heritage remains under water 11. Outdoor recreation and noise
- 12. 11. THRIVING WETLANDS The Swedish Government has adopted nine specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Distribution of different types of wetlands 2. Ecosystem services 3. Re-established wetlands and opportunities for species to spread 4. Favourable conservation status and genetic variation 5. Threatened species and restored habitats 6. Alien species and genotypes 7. Genetically modified organisms 8. Preserved natural and cultural heritage values 9. Outdoor recreation and noise
- 13. 12. SUSTAINABLE FORESTS The Swedish Government has adopted nine specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning Qualities and processes of forest land 6. Alien species and genotypes 7. Genetically modified organisms 2. Ecosystem services 8. 3. Green infrastructure Preserved natural and cultural heritage values 4. Favourable conservation status and genetic variation 9. Outdoor recreation 5. Threatened species and restored habitats 1.
- 14. 13. A VARIED AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE The Swedish Government has adopted twelve specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Qualities and processes of arable land 7. Threatened species and natural environments 2. Pollutant concentrations in agricultural soils 8. Alien species and genotypes 9. Genetically modified organisms 3. Ecosystem services 4. Variation in the agricultural landscape 10. Preserved natural and cultural heritage values 11. Cultural and built environments 5. Favourable conservation status and genetic variation 6. Plant and animal genetic resources 12. Outdoor recreation
- 15. 14. A MAGNIFICENT MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPE The Swedish Government has adopted eight specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Environmental status of mountain areas 2. Ecosystem services 3. Favourable conservation status and genetic variation 4. Threatened species and restored habitats 5. Alien species and genotypes 6. Genetically modified organisms 7. Preserved natural and cultural heritage values 8. Outdoor recreation and noise
- 16. 15. A GOOD BUILT ENVIRONMENT The Swedish Government has adopted ten specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Sustainable settlement structures 2. Sustainable physical planning 3. 6. Cultural heritage values in the built environment Infrastructure 7. A good everyday environment 4. Public transport, walking and cycling 8. Health and safety 5. Natural areas and green spaces 9. Sustainable use of energy and natural resources 10. Sustainable waste management
- 17. 16. A RICH DIVERSITY OF PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE The Swedish Government has adopted nine specifications for this environmental quality objective, concerning 1. Favourable conservation status and genetic variation 6. Genetically modified organisms 2. Impacts of climate change 7. Alien species and genotypes 3. Ecosystem services and resilience 8. Biological cultural heritage 9. Nature on the urban fringe 4. Green infrastructure
Notes de l'éditeur
- The environmental quality objective Reduced Climate Impact is specified as comprising a temperature target and a concentration target, as follows: Temperature target: The increase in global average temperature will be limited to no more than 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Sweden will press internationally for global efforts to be directed towards achieving this target. Concentration target derived from the temperature target: Sweden’s climate policy will be designed to contribute to ensuring that the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is stabilised in the long term at no more than 400 parts per million of carbon dioxide equivalent (ppmv CO2 equivalent).
- The environmental quality objective Clean Air is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that concentrations of air pollutants do not exceed low-risk levels for cancer or target values for protection against diseases or impacts on plants, animals, materials and cultural objects. Target values have been set taking sensitive groups into consideration, and mean that: • concentrations of benzene are not to exceed 1 microgram per cubic metre of air calculated as an annual average, • concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene are not to exceed 0.0001 micrograms per cubic metre of air (0.1 nanograms per cubic metre of air) calculated as an annual average, • concentrations of butadiene are not to exceed 0.2 micrograms per cubic metre of air calculated as an annual average, • concentrations of formaldehyde are not to exceed 10 micrograms per cubic metre of air calculated as a one-hour average, • concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) are not to exceed 10 micrograms per cubic metre of air calculated as an annual average, or 25 micrograms per cubic metre of air calculated as a daily average, • concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) are not to exceed 15 micrograms per cubic metre of air calculated as an annual average, or 30 micrograms per cubic metre of air calculated as a daily average, • concentrations of ground-level ozone are not to exceed 70 micrograms per cubic metre of air calculated as an eight-hour average, or 80 micrograms per cubic metre of air calculated as a one-hour average, • the ozone index is not to exceed 10,000 micrograms per cubic metre of air during one hour calculated as an AOT40 value during the period April–September, • concentrations of nitrogen dioxide are not to exceed 20 micrograms per cubic metre of air calculated as an annual average, or 60 micrograms per cubic metre of air calculated as a one-hour average (98th percentile), and • limestone corrosion is to be less than 6.5 micrometres per year.
- The environmental quality objective Natural Acidification Only is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • the deposition of airborne sulphur and nitrogen compounds from Swedish and international sources does not result in the critical load for acidification of soil and water being exceeded in any part of Sweden, • the contribution of land use to the acidification of soil and water is counteracted by adjusting forestry to the acidification sensitivity of the site, • independently of liming, lakes and watercourses achieve at least good status regarding acidification in accordance with the Water Quality Management Ordinance (2004:660), and • acidification of the soil does not accelerate corrosion of technical materials and archaeological objects in the ground and does not damage the biodiversity of land and water ecosystems.
- The environmental quality objective A Non-Toxic Environment is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • total exposure to chemical substances via all sources of exposure is not harmful to people or biodiversity, • as far as possible, particularly dangerous substances are no longer used, • there is very little spread of unintentionally produced substances with hazardous properties, and information is available concerning the formation, sources, emissions and spread of the most significant of these substances and their degradation products, • contaminated sites are remediated to such an extent that they do not represent a threat to human health or the environment, • knowledge about the environmental and health properties of chemical substances is available and sufficient for the purposes of risk assessment, and • information is available about substances hazardous to the environment and health that are present in materials, chemical products and articles.
- The environmental quality objective A Protective Ozone Layer is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • the turning point regarding depletion of the ozone layer has been reached and the start of a recovery is observed, • concentrations of chlorine, bromine and other ozone-depleting substances in the upper atmosphere are under the level that has a negative impact on the ozone layer.
- The environmental quality objective A Safe Radiation Environment is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • human exposure to harmful radiation in occupational and other environments is limited as far as reasonably possible, • discharges of radioactive substances into the environment are limited so as to protect human health and biodiversity, • the annual incidence of skin cancer caused by ultraviolet radiation is lower than in 2000, and • exposure to electromagnetic fields in occupational and other environments is so low that there is no negative impact on human health or on biodiversity.
- The environmental quality objective Zero Eutrophication is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • Swedish and total inputs of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds into the seas surrounding Sweden are less than the maximum loads established within the framework of international agreements, • atmospheric deposition and land use do not result in ecosystems showing any substantial long-term harmful effects of eutrophying substances in any part of Sweden, • lakes, watercourses, coastal waters and groundwater achieve at least good status for nutrients in accordance with the Water Quality Management Ordinance (2004:660), and • sea areas achieve at least good environmental status as regards eutrophication in accordance with the Marine Environment Ordinance (2010:1341).
- The environmental quality objective Flourishing Lakes and Streams is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • lakes and watercourses achieve at least good ecological status or potential and good chemical status in accordance with the Water Quality Management Ordinance (2004:660), • unexploited and essentially undisturbed watercourses retain natural water flows and water levels, • surface water supplies that are used for the production of drinking water are of good quality, • important ecosystem services of lakes and watercourses are preserved, • lakes and watercourses have structures and water flows that facilitate habitats and dispersal pathways for wild plant and animal species as a part of a green infrastructure, • habitats and naturally occurring species associated with lakes and watercourses have a favourable conservation status and sufficient genetic variation within and between populations, • threatened species have recovered and habitats have been restored in valuable lakes and watercourses, • alien species and genotypes do not threaten biodiversity, • genetically modified organisms that can threaten biodiversity are not introduced, • the natural and cultural heritage values of lakes and watercourses are preserved and the conditions for continued preservation and development of these values are in place, and • the value of shore and bank environments, lakes and watercourses for recreational fishing, bathing, boating and other outdoor activities is safeguarded and maintained, and the impact of noise is minimised.
- The environmental quality objective Good-Quality Groundwater is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • the quality of groundwater is such that, with few exceptions, it does not limit the use of groundwater for public or private supply of drinking water, • bodies of groundwater covered by the Water Quality Management Ordinance (2004:660) have good chemical status, • discharging groundwater is of such quality that it contributes to good habitats for plants and animals in springs, lakes, wetlands, watercourses and seas, • bodies of groundwater covered by the Water Quality Management Ordinance (2004:660) have good quantitative status, • groundwater levels are such that there is no negative impact on water supply, ground stability or animal and plant life in nearby ecosystems, and • natural gravel deposits that are of major importance to the supply of drinking water, energy storage and the natural and cultural heritage continue to be preserved.
- The environmental quality objective A Balanced Marine Environment, Flourishing Coastal Areas and Archipelagos is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • coastal and sea waters achieve good environmental status as regards physical, chemical and biological conditions in accordance with the Marine Environment Ordinance (2010:1341), • coastal waters achieve at least good ecological status or potential and good chemical status in accordance with the Water Quality Management Ordinance (2004:660), • important ecosystem services of coasts and seas are preserved, • shallow coastal areas are characterised by a rich biodiversity and natural recruitment of fish, and offer habitats and dispersal pathways for plant and animal species as a part of a green infrastructure, • habitats and naturally occurring species associated with coasts and seas have a favourable conservation status and sufficient genetic variation within and between populations, and populations of naturally occurring fish species and other marine species remain viable, • threatened species have recovered and habitats have been restored in valuable coastal and sea waters, • alien species and genotypes do not threaten biodiversity and cultural heritage, • genetically modified organisms that can threaten biodiversity are not introduced, • the natural and cultural heritage values of sea, coastal and archipelago landscapes are preserved and the conditions for continued preservation and development of these values are in place, • the status of cultural heritage remains under water is unchanged, and • the value of sea, coastal and archipelago landscapes for recreational fishing, bathing, boating and other outdoor activities is safeguarded and maintained, and the impact of noise is minimised.
- The environmental quality objective Thriving Wetlands is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • wetlands of all types are represented throughout the country within their natural range, • important ecosystem services of wetlands, such as biological production, carbon storage, water conservation, water purification and buffering of water flows, are preserved, • wetlands are re-established, particularly where activities such as drainage and peat production have resulted in losses and fragmentation of wetlands, and species associated with wetlands have the opportunity to spread to new sites within their natural range, • habitats and naturally occurring species associated with wetlands have a favourable conservation status and sufficient genetic variation within and between populations, • threatened wetland species have recovered and habitats have been restored, • alien species and genotypes do not threaten biodiversity, • genetically modified organisms that can threaten biodiversity are not introduced, • the natural and cultural heritage values of wetlands in a landscape perspective are preserved and the conditions for continued preservation and development of these values are in place, and • the value of wetlands for outdoor recreation is safeguarded and maintained, and the impact of noise is minimised.
- The environmental quality objective Sustainable Forests is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • the physical, chemical, hydrological and biological qualities and processes of forest land are maintained, • ecosystem services of forests are preserved, • the biodiversity of forests is preserved in all natural geographical regions and species have the opportunity to spread within their natural range as a part of a green infrastructure, • habitats and naturally occurring species associated with forest areas have a favourable conservation status and sufficient genetic variation within and between populations, • threatened species have recovered and habitats have been restored in valuable forests, • alien species and genotypes do not threaten the biodiversity of forests, • genetically modified organisms that can threaten biodiversity are not introduced, • the natural and cultural heritage values of forests are preserved and the conditions for continued preservation and development of these values are in place, and • the value of forests for outdoor recreation is safeguarded and maintained.
- The environmental quality objective A Varied Agricultural Landscape is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • the physical, chemical, hydrological and biological qualities and processes of arable land are maintained, • concentrations of pollutants are so low in agricultural soils that ecosystem functions, biodiversity and human health are not threatened, • important ecosystem services of the agricultural landscape are preserved, • the agricultural landscape is open and richly varied with significant elements of managed semi-natural pastures and hay meadows, small-scale habitats and water environments, including as part of a green infrastructure that offers habitats and dispersal pathways for wild plant and animal species, • habitats and species associated with the agricultural landscape have a favourable conservation status and sufficient genetic variation within and between populations, • local breeds of domestic animals and the genetic resources of cultivated crops are sustainably preserved, • threatened species and natural environments have recovered, • alien species and genotypes do not threaten biodiversity, • genetically modified organisms that can threaten biodiversity are not introduced, • biological and cultural heritage values of the agricultural landscape that have emerged through long-term, traditional management are preserved or improved, • cultural and built environments in the agricultural landscape are preserved and the conditions for continued preservation and development of their values are in place, and • the value of the agricultural landscape for outdoor recreation is safeguarded and maintained, and accessible to the public.
- The environmental quality objective A Magnificent Mountain Landscape is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • the value of mountain areas for reindeer husbandry is preserved and their distinctiveness, with magnificent landscapes characterised by grazing and extensive, continuous areas, is maintained, • important ecosystem services of mountain landscapes are preserved, • habitats and naturally occurring species associated with mountain landscapes have a favourable conservation status and sufficient genetic variation within and between populations, • threatened species have recovered and habitats have been restored in valuable mountain landscapes, • alien species and genotypes do not threaten biodiversity, • genetically modified organisms that can threaten biodiversity are not introduced, • mountain areas with high natural and cultural heritage values are preserved and the conditions for continued preservation and development of these values are in place, and • the value of mountain landscapes for outdoor recreation is safeguarded and maintained, and the impact of noise is minimised.
- The environmental quality objective A Good Built Environment is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • settlement structures that are sustainable in the long term have been developed both when siting new buildings, facilities and enterprises, and when using, administering and converting existing built environments, at the same time as buildings are sustainably designed, • cities and other urban areas, and the connection between urban and rural areas, are planned on the basis of a coherent and sustainable approach to social, economic, environmental and health-related issues, • infrastructure for energy systems, transport, waste management, water supplies and sewage systems is integrated into urban and other physical planning, and the siting and design of infrastructure are adapted to people’s needs, in order to reduce resource and energy use and climate impact, while taking account of natural and cultural heritage, aesthetics, health and safety, • public transport systems are environmentally friendly, energy-efficient and accessible, and attractive, safe and efficient pedestrian and cycle paths are available, • there are good-quality and accessible natural areas and green spaces and corridors close to built environments, • the cultural, historical and architectural heritage in the form of valuable buildings and built environments, as well as sites and landscapes, are preserved, used and developed, • the built environment is based on and supports people’s needs, facilitates experiences of beauty and pleasure, and offers a varied range of housing, workplaces, services and culture, • people are not exposed to harmful air pollution, chemical substances, noise levels, radon concentrations or other unacceptable health or safety risks, • energy, land, water and other natural resources are used in an efficient, resource-saving and environment-friendly manner so that, in the long term, their use is reduced, and use is primarily made of renewable energy sources, and • waste management is efficient for society and easy for consumers to use, and waste is prevented, while the resources in waste produced are as far as possible made use of, and the impact of waste on and the risks it presents to health and the environment are minimised.
- The environmental quality objective A Rich Diversity of Plant and Animal Life is specified to mean that the aim is to ensure that: • habitats and species that occur naturally in Sweden have a favourable conservation status and the status of threatened species has improved, and sufficient genetic variation is maintained within and between populations, • the increased risk of extinction indicated by climate scenarios is reduced regarding species and habitats facing the greatest risk of being affected adversely by climate change, • ecosystems have the ability to cope with disturbances and adapt to change, such as a changed climate, so that they can continue to provide ecosystem services and contribute to combating climate change and its effects, • a functioning green infrastructure is in place and is maintained through a combination of protection, restoration and sustainable use within sectors, so that fragmentation of populations and habitats does not occur and the biodiversity of the landscape is preserved, • genetically modified organisms that can threaten biodiversity are not introduced, • alien species and genotypes do not threaten biodiversity, • the biological cultural heritage is managed so that important natural and cultural values are preserved and the conditions for continued preservation and development of these values are in place, and • natural environments near urban areas that are valuable for outdoor recreation, cultural heritage and biodiversity are safeguarded and maintained, and are accessible to the public.