OTEC or OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION, is a renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power by use of the world oceans. The use of OTEC as a source of electricity will help reduce the state’s almost complete dependence on imported fossil fuels. About one fourth of the 1.7 * 1013 watts of solar energy reaching the earth’s atmosphere is absorbed by sea water. OTEC can be considered as an indirect solar technology because the surface water are warmed by the sun. OTEC can also be used to produce ammonia, hydrogen, aluminium, chlorine and other chemicals.

1. Welcome to Presentation on Seminar TopicWelcome to Presentation on Seminar Topic
Ocean Thermal Energy ConversionOcean Thermal Energy Conversion
(OTEC)(OTEC)
Govt. Engineering College Bikaner
Submitted by : -
Naveen Kumar Saini
IV Year, EI&CE
(11EEBEI037)

2. IntroductionIntroduction
• Oceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface, making themOceans cover more than 70% of Earth's surface, making them
the world's largest solar collectors.the world's largest solar collectors.
• OTEC is a renewable energy technology that converts solarOTEC is a renewable energy technology that converts solar
radiation into electric power by use of world oceans.radiation into electric power by use of world oceans.
• OTEC Process uses temperature difference between cold deepOTEC Process uses temperature difference between cold deep
water (water (55 ℃℃) & warm surface water () & warm surface water (27 ℃27 ℃) to power a turbine) to power a turbine
to generate electricity.to generate electricity.

3. OTEC Working Principle
• This plant works on the principle of a closed RankineThis plant works on the principle of a closed Rankine
Cycle.Cycle.
• Warm Water is used to evaporate working fluid likeWarm Water is used to evaporate working fluid like
Ammonia or halocarbon Refrigerant.Ammonia or halocarbon Refrigerant.
• Evaporated Fluid expands in a low pressure turbine, whichEvaporated Fluid expands in a low pressure turbine, which
is coupled with a turbo alternator to produce electricity.is coupled with a turbo alternator to produce electricity.

4. OTEC SystemsOTEC Systems
• There are three types of electricity conversionThere are three types of electricity conversion
systems:systems:
I.I. The Closed or Anderson, OTEC Cycle Power PlantThe Closed or Anderson, OTEC Cycle Power Plant
II.II. The Open or Claude OTEC Cycle Power PlantThe Open or Claude OTEC Cycle Power Plant
IIIIII. Hybrid Cycle OTEC Power Plant.. Hybrid Cycle OTEC Power Plant.

5. Closed-loop OTECClosed-loop OTEC
• Closed cycle system use fluid with a low boiling point, suchClosed cycle system use fluid with a low boiling point, such
as ammonia to power a turbine to generate electricity.as ammonia to power a turbine to generate electricity.

6. Open-loop OTEC cycleOpen-loop OTEC cycle
• Georges Claude Constructed first OTEC plant in 1929 in Cuba.Georges Claude Constructed first OTEC plant in 1929 in Cuba.
• The Claude Plant used an open cycle in which seawater itself playsThe Claude Plant used an open cycle in which seawater itself plays
the multiple role of heat source, working fluid, coolant, & heat sink.the multiple role of heat source, working fluid, coolant, & heat sink.

7. Hybrid OTEC cycleHybrid OTEC cycle
•A Hybrid cycle combines the features of both the closed & OpenA Hybrid cycle combines the features of both the closed & Open
Cycle SystemCycle System..

8. An OTEC system applicationAn OTEC system application
• HydrogenHydrogen can be produced via electrolysis usingcan be produced via electrolysis using
electricity generated by the OTEC process.electricity generated by the OTEC process.
• DesalinationDesalination
It’s produced in open & Hybrid cycle.It’s produced in open & Hybrid cycle.
System analysis indicates that a 2 MW plant can produce 4300 cubicSystem analysis indicates that a 2 MW plant can produce 4300 cubic
meter desalination water each day.meter desalination water each day.

9. An OTEC system application
• AquacultureAquaculture
It reduces the financial & energy coasts of pumping largeIt reduces the financial & energy coasts of pumping large
volumes of water from deep ocean.volumes of water from deep ocean.
Deep ocean water contains high concentration of essentialDeep ocean water contains high concentration of essential
nutrients that are depleted in surface water due to biologicalnutrients that are depleted in surface water due to biological
consumption.consumption.
•Mineral ExtractionMineral Extraction
The ocean contains 57 trace elements in salt dissolved inThe ocean contains 57 trace elements in salt dissolved in
solution.solution.
The Japanese investigated the possibility of extractingThe Japanese investigated the possibility of extracting
Uranium.Uranium.

10. Advantages of OTECAdvantages of OTEC
 Warm surface sea water and cold water from the ocean from theWarm surface sea water and cold water from the ocean from the
ocean depths replace fossil fuels to produce electricity.ocean depths replace fossil fuels to produce electricity.
OTEC plants will produce little or no carbon dioxide or otherOTEC plants will produce little or no carbon dioxide or other
polluting chemicals.polluting chemicals.
OTEC systems can produce fresh water as well as electricity. A lotOTEC systems can produce fresh water as well as electricity. A lot
of fish & other nutritious sea-food will be collected in outlet flow.of fish & other nutritious sea-food will be collected in outlet flow.
 OTEC can also be used to produce ammonia, hydrogen, aluminium,OTEC can also be used to produce ammonia, hydrogen, aluminium,
chlorine and other chemicals.chlorine and other chemicals.

11. Disadvantages of OTECDisadvantages of OTEC
OTEC produced electricity at present would cost more thanOTEC produced electricity at present would cost more than
electricity generated from fossils fuels at their current costs.electricity generated from fossils fuels at their current costs.
No energy company put money in this project because it only hadNo energy company put money in this project because it only had
been tested in a very small scale.been tested in a very small scale.
Construction of OTEC plants and lying of pipes in coastal watersConstruction of OTEC plants and lying of pipes in coastal waters
may cause localized damage to reefs and near-shore marinemay cause localized damage to reefs and near-shore marine
ecosystem.ecosystem.

12. Current operating Plants of OTECCurrent operating Plants of OTEC
• In March 2013, Makai installed and operate a 100 kilowattIn March 2013, Makai installed and operate a 100 kilowatt
turbine on the OTEC Heat Exchanger Test Facility, and connectturbine on the OTEC Heat Exchanger Test Facility, and connect
OTEC power to the grid.OTEC power to the grid.
•Okinawa Prefecture announced the start of the OTEC operationOkinawa Prefecture announced the start of the OTEC operation
testing at Kume Island on April 15, 2013. The plant consists of twotesting at Kume Island on April 15, 2013. The plant consists of two
units; one includes the 50 kW generator while the second unit isunits; one includes the 50 kW generator while the second unit is
used for component testing and optimizationused for component testing and optimization.
•In July 2014, DCNS group partnered with Akuo EnergyIn July 2014, DCNS group partnered with Akuo Energy
announced their NEMO project. If successful, the 16MW grossannounced their NEMO project. If successful, the 16MW gross
10MW net offshore plant will be the largest OTEC facility to date.10MW net offshore plant will be the largest OTEC facility to date.

13. ReferencesReferences
1.1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion
2.2. Non Conventional Resources By Ashish Chandra & Taru ChandraNon Conventional Resources By Ashish Chandra & Taru Chandra

14. Thanks For Your Attention
Thanks For Your Attention