2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
FEATURES OF OLED
COMPONENTS OF OLED
OPERATION
MAKING OF OLED
TYPES OF OLED
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
2
3. INTRODUCTION
An OLED is a solid state device or electronic
device that typically consists of organic thin films
sandwiched between two thin film conductive
electrodes.
electro phosphorescence.
produces self-luminous displays that do not
require backlighting and hence more energy
efficient.
OLED materials present bright, clear video and
images that are easy to see at almost any angle
3
4. HISTORY
First developed in the early 1950’s in France
by applying a high-voltage alternating current
field to crystalline thin films of acridine orange
1960’s – AC – driven electroluminescent cells
using doped anthracene was developed
Electroluminescence from polymer films was
first observed by Roger Partridge
4
5. FEATURES OF OLED
High brightness is achieved at low drive
voltages/current densities.
Materials do not need to be crystalline, so easy
to fabricate.
Self luminescent so no requirement of
backlighting
A flexible, thin and lightweight
Broader operating temperature ranges
Low power consumption
5
7. OPERATION
1. Voltage applied
across Cathode
and Anode
1. Typically 2V-10V
2. Current flows from
cathode to anode
1. Electrons flow to
emissive layer
2. Electrons removed
from conductive
layer leaving holes
3. Holes jump into
emissive layer
3. Electron and hole
combine and light
emitted 7
8. Different Colors
‐type of organic
molecule in the emissive
layer
‐Three molecules used
RGB
Intensity/brightness
‐amount of current
8
9. MAKING OF OLED
VACUUMTHERMAL EVAPORATION
ORGANICVAPOUR PHASE DEPOSITION
‐Uses inert carrier gases
to transform films of
organic materials
‐Deposited onto cooled
substrate
9
10. Advantages of OVPD
Higher deposition rate
Higher material utilization
Better device perf0rmance
Large substrate size
INKJET PRINTING
‐OLEDs are sprayed onto
substrates just like inks are
sprayed onto paper during
printing
10
12. Passive matrix OLED Active matrix OLED
• Perpendicular
cathode/anode strip
orientation
• Light emitted at
intersection (pixels)
• Large power
consumption
• Used on 1-3 inch
screens
• Full layers of
cathode, anode,
organic molecules
• Thin Film Transistor
matrix (TFT) on top of
anode
• Less power
consumed then
PMOLED
• Used for larger
displays
12
13. Transparent OLED Top-emittingOLED
• Transparent substrate,
cathode and anode
• Bi-direction light emission
• Passive or Active Matrix
OLED
• Useful for heads-up display
i. Transparent projector
screen
ii. glasses
• Non-transparent
• Transparent Cathode
• Used with Active Matrix
Device
• Smart card displays
13
14. FoldableOLED White OLED
• Flexible metallic foil
or plastic substrate
• Light weight and ultra
thin
• Reduce display
breaking
• Emits bright white light
• Replace fluorescent lights
• Reduce energy cost for lighting
• True Color Qualities
• Environmental friendly
14
16. DISADVANTAGES
Cost to manufacture is high
Constraints with lifespan
Easily damaged by water
Limited market availability
OLED Lighting Vs. Incandescent and Fluorescent
Not as easy as changing a light bulb
16
18. Lighting
• Flexible / bendable lighting
• Wallpaper lighting defining
new ways to light a space
• Transparent lighting doubles as
a window
Cell Phones
Future uses of oled
18
19. CONCLUSION
•OLEDs offer many advantages over both LEDs and LCDs.
They are thinner, lighter and more flexible than the
crystalline layers in an LED or LCD.They have large fields of
view as they produce their own light.
•Video images much more realistic and constantly updated.
19