1. History of animal tissue
culture and natural
surroundings for animal cell
MADE BY : NEERAJ CHAUHAN

2. Introduction of ATC
• Animal Tissue Culture ?
• Roux in 1885 for the first time maintained
embryonic chick cells in a cell culture
• Cell culture was first successfully undertaken by
Ross Harrison in 1907.

4. Historical events in the
development of cell culture
• 130-140 years old.
• Arnold (1880) –showed that leucocytes can divide
outside body.
• Roux (1885)- maintained embryonic chick cells in
a saline culture.
• Jolly (1903)- studied behaviours of animal cells
immersed in serum lymph .
• Ross Harrison (1907)- cultivated frog nerve cells
in a lymph clot and observed the growth of nerve
fibers in vitro.

5. • Lewis (1911) - made the first liquid media
consisted of sea water, serum, embryo extract,
salts and peptones.
• Carrel (1913) - developed a method for
maintaining cultures free from contamination.
• Rous and Jones (1916) – trypsinization and
subculture of explants.
• Eagle (1955) – development of defined media.
• Littlefield (1964) - introduced the HAT medium
for cell selection.
• Ham (1965) - introduced the first serum-free
medium which was able to support the growth of
some cells.

6. • Harris and Watkins (1965) - were able to
fuse human and mouse cells by the use of a
virus.

8. Factors which effect the choice
choice of the substrate
1. Cell yield (cell production) –
• For small scale production we use micro titration plates
multi well plates.
 Micro titration plate

9.  Multi well plates
• For large scale production we use flask and petri
dishes

10. 2.Whether the cells are
monolayer/suspension culture -
• Monolayer culture Microtitration
plate
• Suspension culture Flask
3.Venting – Airing to culture.
• Also called as aeration.
4.Sampling and Analysis –
• Micro wells are used for sampling.
• Two type of microscopes are used for
analysis.

11.  Inverted microscope
 Phase contrast microscope
5.Uneven Growth - When r.p.m. is high
during shaking than uneven growth comes.
6.Cost

13. 1. pH- potential of H+ ion .
Optimum pH
Animal tissue – 7.4
Plant tissue – 5.5
Epidermal tissue – 5.5
Transformed tissue – 7-7.4
Fibroblast - 7.4- 7.7
2. Temperature –
Optimum temperature
Animal – 37 ͦ C
Birds – 38.5 ͦ C

14. 3. Gas Phase – Two phase
 CO2 - drops pH level
• 5% required by the cells.
 O2 – 40-90% required
• Some cells requires more O2 ,than extra O2
carrier sources added i.e Hb .
4.Osmolarity – Salt concentration of the cell
Animal - 290miliosmo /kg
Mice - 310milliosmo /kg
5.Foaming – Characteristic of suspension.
Drawbacks :- contamination occure.
• Denaturation of protein.

15. • Interfare with the exchange of gas phase .
• To prevent foaming add antifoaming agent ex :-
Pluronic F68,CMC( carboxy methyl cellulose)
6.Viscosity – Serum is added to increase
viscosity.

16. Thanks