economic activities

1. Baseline Plan
Baseline focus Line of
Inquiry
Means of
verification
Data
Source &
Target
Location of
Data
Collection
Conflict
Consideration
Means of
Analysis
Time
Needed
Changes
(Outcomes)
Objectives 1:
%
increase
in PDP for
MBA
grads
Direct
Observation
Approx
30-40
students
in MBA
college
Delhi - Review of
notes
14 days
Assumptions
Baseline Survey –
Objective 1 – Student skills at the time of admission.
Basic Questionnaire format –
• Core
competencies
We’ve identified ten core competencies that are valuable in most workplaces, and we help students and alumni to
develop them.
• Personal management
• Communication
• Managing information
• Research and analysis
• Project, task and organizational skills
• Teamwork
• Commitment to quality
• Professional behaviour
• Social responsibility
• Continuous learning
Professional Competencies
What are professional competencies? They’re the skills, knowledge and attributes valued by the professional
bodies connected to different professions.
By developing these competencies, students become strong global citizens, a quality that they can apply to your
workplace. The four international competencies are:
• 1) Strategic thinking
• 2) Cultural knowledge
• 3) Cultural drive

2. • 4) Cross-cultural behavior
1) Strategic thinking
In the context of an international work experience, the student engages in cultural interactions with the intent to enhance
his or her personal development and contribute to the workplace.
Students demonstrate strategic thinking when they:
• are conscious of their assumptions relating to cultural issues and question them at all times
• think about how they can take initiative to learn from co-workers from different cultural backgrounds
• plan how to pursue networking opportunities with people from different cultural backgrounds
• consider new strategies during each cultural encounter
• check for opportunities for cultural growth
• consider how their area of study is applicable in a global context
2) Cultural knowledge
The student has a good understanding of different cultures and applies this knowledge in his or her daily life.
Students demonstrate cultural knowledge when they:
• Recognize and respect cultural diversity
• Learn appropriate, effective ways to communicate with people from different cultural backgrounds
• Know how to be diplomatic and sensitive to the dynamics of a cross-cultural workplace
• Understand how to communicate with people who speak or write a different language
• Know how to be adept in a new environment
• Understand ways to cope with constant change
• Learn phrases in a new language, or learn a new language
3) Cultural drive
The student is curious about new surroundings and cultures and actively seeks out learning opportunities.
Students demonstrate cultural drive when they:
• welcome the opportunity to learn more about the geography and culture of their work term city, region and
country
• take initiative to explore their environment
• actively network with people from different cultures
• take interest in current events in their work term country
• engage with people in their employer organization and community
• network with potential international employers and inquire about the competencies valued by these companies
• recognize their strengths and seek areas to improve

3. 4) Cross-cultural behavior
The student demonstrates flexibility in his or her interactions and is able to recognize and adapt to cultural nuances in
the workplace and beyond.
Students demonstrate cross-cultural behavior when they:
• display a positive attitude towards change and new environments
• adapt to different cross-cultural communication norms
• change their verbal and nonverbal behaviors according to different situations
• demonstrate that they acknowledge the human, interpersonal and technical sides of a problem
• show flexibility and explore possible solutions in an innovative and creative way
==
Types of Employer –
1. Not for Profit / NGOs –
Temporary
Volunteer,
Permanent Staff
2. Local Government Employers –
Short term project work assignment
3. Private/Public sector Employers –
Complete the following questionnaire to rate current level of skills
Essential Elements of PDPs
A) Non Verbal Communication – how positively or negatively we aligned towards others
1. Gestures, Body language – Most trusted indicators for conveying feelings, attitudes and emotions
helpful in unknown situation.

4. 2. Face expressions include head nodding, smile, sad, neutral, eye movement, physical proximity, voice.
3. Note everyday gestures in your surrounding environment for unknown messages.
4. Important in handling diplomatic ,dicy situations
5. NVM communication strengthens verbal communication.
6. NVM communication is good substitute for verbal communication in negation.
7. Its good relationship language, more helpful in managing female’s staff.
8. Eye contact represent honesty and appropriateness
9. Learn to interpret others none verbally.
10. Mindful listening – fully present at the moment and listen and pay attention to others for greater
understanding.
B) Physical Appearance –
1. Whole world gives high importance on physical appearance which includes face to face interaction, how
others look and evaluates others as some researchers says physical attractiveness is related to earning power potential.
Healthy lifestyle and nutritious diet, physical work out, dressing sense is main ingredient of good physical appearance.
C) Emotional Intelligence –
1. Being aware of one’s feeling while interacting with others.
2. Dealing with emotions without showing them
3. Not letting setback, disappointments derailed you
4. Channeling feelings towards goal fulfillment
5. Listen others for understanding
6. Show optimism towards others.
7. Self control initiative, empathy, and political savvy, supportive, cooperative.

5. Verbal Communication -
Reading skills – good reading means good knowledge Always Usually Sometimes Rarely Never needs
improvement
6 5 4 3 2 1
I read to take action, information or personal
development
1) Adjust speed as per the reading material
2) Avoid moving lip during reading
3) I try to see relations between titles, headings, and
subheadings
4) Pay attentions to highlighted words
5) Read to answer questions
6) Discuss my readings with others
7) I read preface, content and introduction
8) I pay attention to first sentence, paragraph
9) I try to avoid backward glance and re-reading
10) I read summary first then the whole chapter
11) I concentrate on meaning not on words
12) Read to grasp the central idea or meaning
13) Read last paragraph first to know the summary
Writing skills - Always Usually Sometimes Rarely Never Needs improvement
6 5 4 3 2 1
Before writing I frame the big picture

6. I prefer to use simple and clear words (verbs, nouns)
I picture the reader perspective in my mind
I prefer active voice in writing
I think before writing what and to whom I am going to write
I clear one thought in one paragraph
I always avoid using ‘but’,’ however’ In the beginning of sentence
My style of writing is informal ,simple, analytical
I keep the length of my sentence short
I cross check my writing before final draft for wrong
words,grammar,structures,punctuation
I am careful with jargons ,proverbs to avoid double meaning
Speaking skills - Always Usually Sometimes Rarely Never Needs I
6 5 4 3 2 1
1) Before speaking ,I take a silent breath , think and pause for a
while
I start with the light ,interesting node of conversation
Beginning line and finishing lines are important
Do basic homework to know the audience,interests,attention
Focus on key points, message at the beginning
Speak at comfort level , whether it involves write-up Or not
I make sure that last row/back benchers should hear my voice
Before I start speaking I get to know the rough time estimate
Pitch variation is important to send my points across the
audience
I observe the audience to hold their attention while I speak
Give importance to the body language while I speak

7. I try to make it interactive discussion includes practical examples
I cut short the extra details ,sentences if there is repetition
While I speak , I try to connect to the audience at verbal as well non
verbal language ,cues,gestures,eye contact, impressions
I try to set up warm, learning environment during discussion time
In order to avoid disturbances , I take questions at the end of
discussion
I try to come down at the level of audiences to make things clear
I avoid shouting at the others unless situations provoked
I always thanks audience at the closing node
I try to maintain the energy level of the environment
Listening -
Handling conflict
Handle shameful situations
Handle ego, hurting, and negative situation
1) How people communicate with voice
2) Same with body language
3) React in particular situation
4) Pattern of communication
5) Consequences of communication
6) Communication exercise through role play for exploring patterns.
Basic IT skills –
IT means technological system and underlying IT infrastructure of a firm
1. Basics of Hardware -
2. Software
3. Storage devices
4. Information Network
5. IT in everyday life – Internet, emails, social networking, google.

8. 6. IT security issues
1) Why is security a major concern in all over the world
2) What does a firewall do
3) What are viruses ,
4) How can organization protect against them
5) What are major component of disaster recovery plan
7. IT and business processes (ERP,CRM)
1) Which is more important – business process or technology
2) Why is it important to consider business process design in IT implementation project
3) Basic tasks defined in a process completion
4) What is ERP
5) Risk associated with ERP projects
6) Challenges involved in vendor supplied ERP projects
7) What is CRM
8) Attributes of a good CRM
8. Online Information Services
1) Internet banking service
2) Mobile banking services
3) Train tickets, hotel booking, online order for goods and services
Managing Information =
Research and Analysis skills – Always Usually Sometimes Rarely Never Needs improvement
6 5 4 3 2 1
1. Research helps in understanding new learning. T or F
2. It required a greater level of understanding, in depth knowledge about a particular topic.
3. Research is searching again and again to know the basics and clear understanding of problem T or F
4. Research guide provides the guidance on thinking processes for successful research outcomes
5. Research work is tedious work ,which consumes lots of time and efforts, yet not outcome is fixed – T or F
6. Search articles, information through internet ,library, learn to collect important information
7.

9. Team work
1. Team work means how people want to work together
2. A team is a group of people with shared responsibility
3. Teams involve more people thus bring more ideas,energy ,maximize potential,minimize weakness
4. Teams do more than an individual
5. Is the team working important or not important
6. If a person wants to achieve a good result, he has to be a part of a team
7. Individual development in a team
8. Divide the task and double the success – Y or N
9. Conflict always lessens the success rates – Y or N
10. Team work is individual skill not a group skill
11. Kind of communication with peers, seniors, juniors etc.
12. Team effectiveness depends on a) coordination b) cooperation & c) communication which signifies how team
members depends to each other.
Continuous Learning
Learning is of 3 types – which one you find important
1. Adaptive learning – making changes in reaction to environmental change
2. Generative learning – seeking and sharing new knowledge and information & applying it in new & different
ways.
3. Transformative learning – making a major shift in goal, or outcomes.
2. An individual needs to learn ways and methods to achieve goals through learning – Y or N

10. 3. Individual learning is more important than group learning which means acquiring knowledge, skills and
behavior
4. People continue to learn to improve interactions,detect & correct errors,explore opportunities,meet
quality,quantity and timeliness of performance.
5. Learning occurs when people ask questions, experiments, reflecting and discussing options & errors which is
continuous in nature.
6.People should learn how to learn effectively
Professional Behavior
Social Responsibility
Project Task skills
Effective communication with
stakeholders and with team
members and client meetings
effectively
Develop how to communicate
sensitive/conflict information
tactfully
Ability to influence and negotiate
Leadership and Motivation
Proactive risk management and
problem solving.
Basic Budgeting (Associated cost of
key activities)
Track the work schedules and
project performance on weekly basis

11. Time Management skills – Always Usually Sometimes Rarely Never Needs
improvement
6 5 4 3 2 1
Always arrive before time or on time
Always check emails daily ,clean mailbox
Should not indulge in time wasting activities, doing nothing or
of no value.
Priorities task at hand or which require immediate
attention/actions
Time Management is about scheduling activities
Record activities spend on doing a particular task
Task delegation (transfer) makes effective use of time
Eliminate activities that takes longer time & contribute less
added value
Pending work always clog time
Lack of setting deadline always waste time
Don’t delay what can be done right now
Coordination various project activities kills good amount of
time
People should focus on what to do and what not to do
In case of difficult situation or unknown always apply 80:20
rule, 20% of time leads to 80% of result
Always learn life/work tasks are defined with respect to time.
Questionnaire formats of PDP (1-5 scale)
Healthy body and Healthy Mind.
Personality Development – physical aspects of human beings. external factors.,
Personality assessment – both internal as well as external factors
The physical aspect of personality development includes –
Rate of speech,

12. Indian factor,
Communication skills.
Asking questions,
Listening.
Building rapport/
Verbal and vocal attributes,
Pronunciation,
Tone,
Pitch,
Verbal Reasoning,
Group Discussion,
Public Speaking,
Debates,
5 Common Personality factors –
Extroversion –
Agreeableness-
Conscientiousness-
Emotional Stability –
Culture –
Types of Personality –
11. Directness
12. Extroversion
13. Pace
14. Structure.
• Attributes of a good personality –
Good physique, light mood, smiling face, alert, conscious.
Pleasing manners and etiquettes.
Well educated and sharp thinking.
Personal and professional experience.
Trustworthiness and reliability
Successful career
Loving and caring.
Healthy Body –
Good Diet, nutrition.
Personal hygiene,
Daily routine.
Focus Mind.
Exercise – body fitness, yogas, walking, jogging. Etc .
Good Personality –
Good physic and health
Self confidence and positive thinking.
Learning from failures
Self reliance and selfless service
Approach for good personality -
Goal Setting,
Time management
Communication skills,
Leadership qualities,
Team spirit and well connected
Personality development factors –
1. Deep faith towards work – Commitment,
2. Positive personality – positive and optimistic thinking, cultivating positive belief in others.

13. 3. Effective Communication – Precise to the points – set context ,sharing thoughts, and convince
4. Time Management – Managing time well, work and life balance, effective delegation.
5. Problem Solving – Understanding problem, analyzing, solutions, selecting right resource.
6. Team Spirit – working with different team members, be a leader, be a follower vice versa.
7. Self Confidence – Ability to express and asking questions without fear.
8. Learn Ability – Always learning new skills.
9. Flexibility – Analyze own views and thoughts, situations, accommodating, aligning.
10. Stability – performing in odd situations, stress,keep head cool.
11. Confidence
12. Decision Making – data collection, analysis, know people well.
13. Sense of humor – learn to smile while managing tough situations.
14. Accepting criticisms – introspect, accept criticism, and work non politically.
15. Not to worry – Control situations, mind, and brain.
16. Language – try to learn minim 2-3 languages.
Personality develops as a result of our efforts to resolve conflicts between our biological impulses(Unconscious mind –
25% conscious mind and left is hidden or submerged iceberg) and social restraints (ego), Unconscious mind strives to
satisfy basic pleasure principle demanding immediate gratification ,conscious mediates the executive between
unconscious and temporary(pre conscious) conscious.
THESIS TOPIC
Industry Expectations and Employability Skills: A Critical Gap Analysis
of Personality Development Programs with Special Reference to
MBA Program
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY :
Shedding light on the skillsets which the MBA students lack because of interests,approach and what extent they fulfill
or widen the job employment gapsl. This study explored some of the basics of the personality,factors which associated
with Personality Development and then to Personality Development Programs. How Perosnality and Psychology
associated with respect to each other and the Temperament which basic personality types related to. The nature of work
and personality types are closely related to each other which fulfill the real meaning of employment and the
Unemployment. Specially in country like India where there is huge gap in the tier 2 or tier 3 MBA colleges. The student
which these colleges lack sufficient amount of skillsets which are helpful in gaining jobs,work and hence the basic
purpose of imparting education fails at certain extent that despite having MBA degree or PG diplomas the students of
these colleges has to struggle a lot for employment. This study examines the basic and common standard skillsets
required by the Industries,organization ,companies to hire the educated workforce and How the PDP programs fills the
gap between academic institutions and Industry requirement.
Henceforth, It tries to explain the gaps existed between academic institutions and Industry expectations, and upto what
extent this unemployment gap can be reduced through the PDP programs. What skill can be learnt through these courses
and What cannot be learnt ie timely investment which a person has to make in order learn or acquire the skillsets require
for the work after or prior completion of MBA program.
How the unemployment problem can be tackled through the basic skillsets and hence helpful and contribute towards the
India betternment and development in an educated manner.

14. PERSONALITY – defined as common traits, qualities which a person possesses. A person with good personality is one
who impresses others with his or her ability to get along with the people. The great Personality means a person behaves
in a way which others find it acceptable. “No Personality” means that a person's behavior is objectionable. Thus
Personality means dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or
her cognitions , motivations, and behaviors in various situations. It also combines Psychological construct which is a
complex abstraction that encompasses the person’s unique genetic background and learning history,and the ways in
which these factors influence his or her responses to various environments or situations.
The study of personality explains why and how people react uniquely and often creatively to a different environment or
situation,how people handles situations,a sense of humor or expectations of the others. The primary focus of interest in
the discipline of personality development is to understand the individual’s unique ways of responding to his or her
physical , social and cultural environment which further leads to predictions of their past,present,and future behavior
and their actions accurately. In complete sense science involves the interaction between two major processes:
1) Theory
2) Research
Traits
Common
Behaviour
HeredityEnvironment Personality

15. A brief overview of scientific methods,including the manner in which theories are constructed and tested
through empirical research will help in understanding the research postulates or hypothesis.
Psychology and Personality related to each other :
The definition of personality which is being discussed is psychology , in the following manner:
1. Personality psychology is all about the differences between people, what people have in common, processes,
structures that we all share being a human.
2. It focuses on the whole person as an integrated individual which includes perception,thinking,emotion and
languages. How person differs in terms of social, cultural and biological dimensions.
3. Long lasting qualities that are consistent across different situations. Social psychology focus on a person’s
thinking , feeling and behaving that changes over time and under different circumstances. How the mind and
behavior changes in different social situations which affects our thinking, feeling and behaving on an
individual basis.
Habits
Attitude
Belief
Tastes
Emotions
Skills
Aptitudes
Competencies
PERSONALITY TRAITS –
The main personality traits are classified into five large domains which Lewis Goldberg named the BIG FIVE which
later became the foundation for assessing individual differences in the way people interact with social and physical
worlds. The five fundamental ways in which people personality differs. Each of them has been given reasonably
descriptive name : OCEAN
O – Openness
C – Consientiousness
E – Extraversion
A – Agreeableness
Psychological
Mechanisms &
Processes
Temperament
PERSONALITY
Character
Creativity
Emotional
Intelligence
INTELLIGENCE
Abilities

16. N – Neuroticism.
Table 1 – The Big Five : Modern Theory of Personality
Extraversion Vs High Low
Introversion Outgoing,bold,talkative, Withdrawn,timid,
Energetic, assertive silent, reserved, shy
Agreeableness vs Warm,kind,cooperative, Cold,unkind,uncooperative,
Antagonism trusting,generous suspicious,stingy
Conscientiousness Vs Reliable, practical, hardworking, Unreliable, impractical, lazy,
Disinhibition organized, careful disorganized, negligent
Neuroticism vs. Emotional Tense, unstable, discontented, Relaxed, stable, contented,
Stability irritable,insecure imperturbable,secure
Openness Vs Imaginative , curious , reflective Unimaginative, uninquisitive,
Closedness creative, sophisticated , unreflective, uncreative,
Unsophisticated
The three domains – Extroversion,Agreeableness, and Neuroticism mainly related to ways of interacting with other
people. The other two – Conscientiousness and Openess are more general .
1) Extraversion is the tendency to actively reach out to others – comes under positive emotions. People high in
extraversion are stimulated by the social world, like to be the center of attention and often take charge. They
also like excitement and are fun loving,full of energy and to experience positive emotions. People low in
extraversion are less interested in interpersonal interactions and tend to be reserved and quite but their lack of
interest in being with the people doesn’t indicate that they are socially anxious or depressed,they just prefer to
be alone. Basic traits on which Extraversion are rated :
(Warmth,Gregariousness,Assertiveness, Activity,Excitement Seeking, Positive Emotions)
2) Agreeableness is the tendency to be altruistic ,cooperative and good natured – people high in Agreeableness
are considerate ,compassionate ,helpful and willing to compromise. They truly like people and assume that
everyone is decent and trustworthy. People low in agreeableness are more self-interested than altruistic ,more
competitive than cooperative ,and likely to be skeptical of others intentions. They also like to be cold,
antagonistic and disrespectful of the right of others. Basic traits on which Agreeableness is rated :
( Trust, Straightforwardness, Altruism,Compliance, Modesty,Tendermindedness)

17. 3) Conscientiousness is the tendency to control impulses and to tenaciously pursue goals – People are high in
conscientiousness are orderly,reliable,hardworking ,neat and punctual. They tend to plan ahead and think
things through. They are more interested in long-term than short-term goals. People low in conscientiousness
are more spontaneous ,less constrained ,less dutiful ,and less achievement –oriented. Basic traits on which
Conscientiousness is rated
( Competence, Order, Dutifulness, Achievement Striving, Self-Discipline, Deliberation)
4) Neuroticism – Represents negative emotions
(Anxiety, Hostility, Depression, Self-Consciousness, Impulsiveness, Impulsiveness, Vulnerability)
Marked by emotions instability. Emotions explained by negative emotions such as being moody or
anxious,irritability and sadness. These people are quick tempered and over react in certain situations. Stability
explained by even temper, calm,existence. A healthy personality is opposite of Neuroticism which is Emotional
Stability
5) Openness – ( Fantasy, Aesthetics, Feelings, Actions, Ideas, Values) – This trait features characteristics such as
imaginations, insights and those high in this trait also tend to have a broad range of interests. It comes under
positive emotions represent culture,intellect and mindful to their own feeling. They are curious in nature.
PERSONALITY & PSYCHOLOGY – The objective of this continuum is to re-examine the study of lives in the field of
personality psychology and to examine how the study of lives relates to quantitative and experimental research
traditions .
Psychoanalytic
General Theory Behavioral Culture & Personality
Psychometric
Humanistic
Cognitive
Behavior genetic
&socio biological
Individual & Group Intelligence : Binel Terman Wechsler Eysenk H. Gardner
Differences Psychopathology: Kraepelin DSM-I Menninger DSM-III
Personality Traits, Introversion- Murray MMPI Meehl CPI Cattell Wiggins “Big 5”
Dimensions , types: Extroversion Q-sort Block
Group differences: Cronbach Eysenck
(gender,age,race,class,culture, authoritarian personality act frequency
historical period)
Specific processes & dreams honesty achievement social cognition
classes of behavior slips,jokes,anxiety frustration& motivation stress &coping
aggression

18. altruism self-monitoring
Phobias sexual
Behavior delay of gratification suicide symp
Individual persons self-understanding: Freud’s case studies:
& lives Clinical patients: Dora,little hans,Rat man, Case studies DSM-III
behavior modifications casebook
Research Subjects: Dr. Schreber,et al. Earnst Live in progress Cocaine users
Biographical figures: Leonardo da vinci
Moses Hitler Young Gandhi M Luther
Stalin
1900 1940 1980
The above table helps in understanding the general theories of personality,analyzing individuals ,group differences
,studying specific processes or classes of behavior and finally understanding individual lives.
• General Theory – includes a combination of methodological approaches.
• Individual & Group differences – combined by psychometric, correlational , and factor-analytic methods.
• Specific processes and classes of behavior – combined with experimental methods.
• Studying individual persons & lives tends to rely on case study, archival , historical and interpretive methods.
The above structure tried to give answers to interesting facts , personalities of the lives of great people and also the level
of influence and development of personality development under general theory, specific individuals and group
differences, specific processes and classes of behavior ,and on individual lives.
Comparative Theories of Personalities –
Major theories of personalities
Type of Theory Contributor Theory Basic Meaning
1 Biological
(Or Trait)
William
Sheldon
Gordon Aliport
Raymond B.
Cattell
Constitutional
Psychology
Psychology of
Individual
Factor Theory
Genes, Hormones and neurochemicals in the brain
regulate the greater portion of human personality
Effort to understand human nature ,all of us are
individual and unique,English words used to
describe personality traits.
Try to understand personality through Scientific
model ie,differences among people can be

19. Type of Theory Contributor Theory Basic Meaning
reduced through distinct behavior style or traits.
2 Psychoanalytic Sigmund Freud
Alfred Adler
Erik Erikson
Carl G. Jung
Psychoanalytical
Theory of Psychosexual
Development
Individual Psychology
Psychosocial Theory of
Adjustment
Analytical Psychology
People behave in a way they are unaware of ,
explanation of behavior, unconscious mind,
libidinal energy,the superego (perfection),Ego
(reality),ID( pleasure)Interpersonal/Drug or
Biology
Early stages of infants,parents
important,conscious,social & interpersonal factors
powerful forces shaping personality
Both Masculine & feminine personalities ,balance
& growth both
Humans must understand the idea of oneness for
greater understanding of themselves, plus
balanced by minus or shadows,bright or dark.
3 Social Learning John Dollard &
Neal E.Miller
Albert Bandura
B.F.Skinner
Reinforcement Theory
Social Learning
Radical behaviorism
Rewards, punishments, self-reinforcements,
freedom to motivate, behavioral control of others.
Interaction of 3 variables
:behavior,personal,environment events
responsible for personality development
Personality results from interplay of learned and
innate style of thinking,learning is facilitated by
integrating new information into older ones ie
Schemas represent whole world info.Personality
is the observable result of reinforcement
4 Humanistic Carl R.Rogers
Abraham
Maslow
Person-Centered
Theory
Holistic Theory
The practice of psychotherapy,all people are good
and strive towards maximum personal
development or self-actualization(openness,living
in moment,trust,freedom,creativity),desires
fulfilment
Heirarchy of needs – basic motivating factors
Among all the personality traits, I want to explain personality model through RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIORAL
PERSPECTIVE called REBT based on the work of Dr Albert Ellis (1913-2007) who observed that Irrationality is a key
component of the human personality which leads to cognitive , emotional, and behavioral dysfunction. Irrationality
means tendency of people to prefer short-term satisfaction of desires to long-term benefits. REBT views brain as the
seat of personality and genetics as the blueprint of the brain development which is same as irrationality that destroys
much of our personality.
The ancient Greeks classified the temperaments of people into four principle categories which are Sanguine, Choleric,
Melancholic and Phlegmatic. These four temperaments suit certain types of careers and jobs. Thus it is always advisable
to have an aptitude test and temperament test done simultaneously. The temperament test will give you a set of careers,
which suit your temperament. The aptitude test on the other hand will help you to short list of careers that match your

20. skills. Let's take a closer look.
Sanguine: The people with Sanguine temperament are very social, and tend to maintain good relations and friendships.
This temperament is such, that the person likes to be with people. These people excel in communication and perform
functions in a task oriented manner. Human resources, coaching, teaching, marketing and sales are some of the best
careers where a person with Sanguine temperament will excel.
Choleric: People having a Choleric temperament usually have a great capability to analyze. They are very fond of
planning, acquiring knowledge, configuring and inventing. People with this kind of temperament must consider career
options such as architecture, managers and analysts.
Melancholic: The people with Melancholic type of temperament are thoughtful, accurate, considerate and artistic. The
Melancholic temperament is best suited for careers such as engineering, Mathematics and accounts. The strict discipline
of these people and a capability to discipline others makes them really good at mathematical applications.
Phlegmatic: The temperament Phlegmatic, makes people deliberate, quiet and task oriented. People with this
temperament should consider fields such as web designing, programmers, economists and for that matter any place
where a person should have a capability to observe well.
These temperaments are often considered by the people of the human resource department before appointing a person is
to a particular post.
Moody Sociable
Anxious Outgoing
Rigid Talkative
Sober Responsive
Pessimistic Easygoing
Reserved Lively
Unsociable Melancholy Choleric Carefree
Quiet Leadership
Passive Phlegmatic Sanguine Touchy
Careful Restless
Thoughtful Aggressive
Peaceful Excitable
Controlled Changeable
Reliable Impulsive
Even Tempered Optimistic
Calm Active
Left Meaning 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Right Meaning
Stable
Introve
rted
Unstable
Extrove
rted

21. Reserved,Impersonal Warm,Attentive
Concrete Thinking Conceptual Thinking
Emotionally Changeable Emotionally Stable
Deferential,Cooperative Dominant, Assertive
Serious,Restrained Lively, Spontaneous
Non-Conforming Rule-Conscious, Dutiful
Shy,Timid Socially Bold
Unsentimental Sensitive, Sentimental
Accepting,Trusting Vigilant, Suspicious
Practical,Grounded Abstracted, Imaginative
Forthright, Genuine Private, Discreet
Self-assured, Unworried Apprehensive, Worried
Traditional Open to Change
Affiliative Self- Reliant, Individualistic
Tolerant of Diorder Perfectionist
Composed Relaxed Tense, Driven
Average
This type of study fully examines and integrate the vast body of thought and research on this type of subjects. REBT
uses a multifactorial and biological view of personality. Elli’s assertion that people are innately irrational has been
validated by numerous studies. Almost all models of personality should integrate neurological research , Intelligence,
common reflexes developed by different species over a period of time.
Indian Personality – Success factors
Personality development is the development of personality traits so as to create a strong positive impressions about self
with respect to the group,friends,society,community etc. And also to maintain these qualities in the long run. The
important points for complete personality are as follows:
Positive Qualities Negative Qualities
Appearance
Intelligence
Smartness
Trustworthy,Responsible
Knowledge in depth
Management
Efficiency
Economic Independence
Morality/ Character
Beneficial to others
Be grateful of what one’s has
Body language,Gestures
Unhygienic
Hurting Attitude
Useless Activities
Useless Communication
Untrustworthy,Irresponsible
Below Average Performance
Powerless egoist
Lack of Financial ,economic,social skills
Mismanagements
Uncontrolled burst of negative emotions
Complaining/blaming others
Boring and Tensed,weep

22. Positive Qualities Negative Qualities
Sense of Humor,laugh
External appearance is visible factor of one's personality. However the proper functioning of the Nervous System ,
Healthy body is more important in the development of complete personality. Hormones needless to say makes people
nervous, irritable, decrease persona, the charms of ad impressions while interacting with others which indirectly
controlled by Nervous system. Determination and Strong Willpower can make an ordinary person into extraordinary
person. Purity of thoughts , thought process , logical and analytical assimilation of ideas can transform anything, life
goals,self-actualization,fulfillment of desires, or what a person desires it all started from the brain, which thus the most
important factors in the personality development.
Research on the biological foundations of normal personality rarely has focused on the complex interactions among
higher-level and lower-level neural systems. Now greater attention is paid to the role of two hemispheres and to
multiple neurotransmitters. This study is supported by brain imaging to check the brain activity,hormonal variations in
the body liquids to study how the different areas of the brain work and how different biochemically affect its
functioning and behavior.
BRAIN SYSTEM AND PERSONALITY:
Pavlov Theory 1927, contributed towards the how the brain system affects the personality. He formulated the four
Hippocratic temperaments by distinguishing between inhibitory and excitatory processes.
Choleric individuals are Melancholic high in inhibition.
high in excitations
Sanguine also high in excitation Phlegmatic high in inhibition, also maintained
,aligned towards equilibrium equilibrium
Subsequently Pavlov in 1935 distinguished three different characteristics of the nervous system :
1. Strength related to the working capacity of neural cells (whether in excitatory or inhibitory processes).
2. Equilibrium or balance related to the ratio between the strength of inhibition and the strength of excitation.
3. Mobility related to the capacity to change and alternate excitation and inhibition in meeting continuously
changing environmental demands.
Later Nebylitsin 1972 identified general activity including mental,motor,and social. Emotionality including sensitivity ,
impulsivity, emotional weakness as two main dimensions of temperament. Cortical-reticular system was responsible for
regulating activity and that limbic system was responsible for regulating emotionality. Introversion-Extraversion work is
encouraged everywhere low vs high level stimulation in different circumstances. Introverts are brainier than extroverts.
Gray proposes different physiological system process signals of punishment and nonreward on one hand and reward and

23. non-punishment on the other hand. Punishment and non reward are processed by a behavioral inhibition system which
activates fear and anxiety and suppresses behavior. Reward and non punishment are processed by a behavioral approach
system which activates behavior , above two system respond to signals or reward and punishment. A third system fight-
flight system responds to unconditioned negative stimuli. The flight-flight system activates either escape or aggressive
behavior. The three systems are interconnected and jointly contribute to behavior. Their actions and interactions are
modulated not only by energy supplied by arousal mechanisms but also by decision mechanisms.Since different system
impel different sorts of action,a decision mechanism must be involved so that the motor system receives commands that
do not conflict.
Basic comparison on Male and female personality with respect to their interpersonal relation,depression and personality
disorders.
Variables Males Females
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
DEPRESSION
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Some of the basic factors help in developing a strong personality=
1. Pleasing Appearance.
2. Beneficial communication
3. Sticking to social,religious values
4. Gaining in depth knowledge , skills of Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Management, Administration.
5. Application of knowledge for development,intelligence ,self defense,work.
6. Learning from past mistakes,lesson learned,learning from failures important skills for achieving big in the long
run.
7. Discipline,Confidence,Proper pre-work,planning,Dynamicism,willpower,give & take the principles in complex
situations are some of the important basic skills which a person must learn to tackle situations and minimize
failures rates.

24. THESIS TOPIC :
Industry Expectations and Employability Skills: A Critical Gap Analysis
of Personality Development Programs with Special Reference to
MBA Program
LITERATURE REVIEW :
How the unemployment problems can be tackled, basics of unemployment, factors represents
unemploymentand cross comparison of unemployment wrt to Academic Institutions, Industries, and how
PDP programs are related to unemployment and employment.
UNEMPLOYMENT STUDY: Need for business,work
How government
Private Sector business and Industry association,
Education and Training Institutes,
Non Profit Intermediaries.
INDUSTRY STUDY : Main task is to identify the internal business processes and key areas which can further be
improved to enhance its capabilities.
1) Basics of Labour Market India position with respect to International Market. (ILO,ICLS)
Under which Supply (Employed and Unemployed persons) and Demand side of the
Production and Goods Services offered , Manufacturing and Service sector.

25. TRADE IN SERVICE OCCUPATION : Importance of this sector, development basics
Some Key Points
IT service sector – BPO Industry success rate for past 10 years data. (world bank , development
indicators)
Share of service sector in employment,Country GDP,sector specific growth figures.Contribution to
annual growth, share of labour in service sector, MBA graduates share in service sector (IT – BPO)
Basic sector included in service sector ,Poverty reduction variable,service sector employment
snapshot for last 10 years.
Complete summary of Strategic goals (Performance improvement,Development in terms of
service,investment,partnership,community involvement,HR, Management
structuring,Education,R&D,Finance,Economy,ICT approach)
Service courses,educations, trainings etc.
Manufacturing Sector :
Manufacturing is the business activity which converts the basic raw material into finished goods. Manufacture is
derived from the latin work manu factus or “made by hand”. Small shops , hand driven machine tools, power driven
machine tools ,Electric Furnace transformed the manufacturing sector at mass production level. The basic goal of
manufacturing sector is the work and functioning of work ,worker in a productive manner. Output of work done what is
called productivity should only be measured after providing good on job training ,with proper skills and knowledge the
trained workers always played key role in the knowledge economy which directly push the growth in the manufacturing
sector . Hence it is the proper on job training ,good working environment and basic skillsets which is studied in the
research work perspective. And thus it is the relation between :
1. Humans,
2. Technology, Processes
3. Materials,
4. Tools and Machines.
5. Electric Furnace
Following are the basic drivers of the manufacturing sector :
Technology
And R & D
Skill &
Knowledg
e
Supply Chain
Managemen
t
On job
Training
,Educatio
n
Infrastructure
(Production Plan
Control)
FDI

26. 6. FDI : Foreign Direct Investment – means investment from one country to another country which is
mutually beneficial and interest based. It brings capital, techonology transfer, proven work methods in
terms of doing things from one country to another country and competitive advantage in knowledge
based economy with good price and good quality products. It provides GDP contribution and income
in host country. New jobs are created which requires above average skills. Thus in order to acquire
work related skills, proper on job training is also commenced in long term helped in technology
transfer in host country and play a key role in overall development of host country.
7. Skillsets and Knowledge : In terms of technology transfer following are the basic questions which
are referred from Internet book resources “Competitive Advantage of Regions and Nations “ by Dr
George Malcotsis-
a) Type of technologies
b) Information with respect to different type of technologies existed (SWOT)
c) Costs, Advantages and Disadvantages, Risks associated with the technology.
d) Types of training imparted, facilitation of Processes, basic designing, customization
if any, basic know –how.
e) Technology transfer absorption.
f) Application of technology transfer to create new products, processes, applications.
g) Pitfalls or loopholes corrected.
8. Computers and Information System :
Information System is related to manufacturing sector in important ways. The main idea is to give reports on
inventory, Material Management, Planning and how other departments such as Marketing, Finance, HR, and
Procurement are inter-related to one another.
BUSINESS SYSTEM INTEGRATION in SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
ElectricityComputers
and
Information
System
Process
Re design
Marketing
Management
system
Personnel & HR
Management
Skilled
Manpowe
r

27. Enquiries
Orders
PO,Req
-uisition
Interoperability: How the one system is related to another system in terms of basic parameters.
1. Market Management and Finance :- Order Booking,Invoice,Receivables,Expenses
2. HR and Finance : HR Accounting, Expense , Payroll
3. Production Management and Finance : Expense Material, Capacity and Schedule
4. Material Management and Finance: Payable, Bill booking,payment,Purchase,Accounting
Inventory
5. Production Management and Material Management: MRP - I, MRP - II, Work order
generation, shop floor plan.
6. Customers are restricted to Market Management and Vendors are restricted to Materials
Management as far as order and enquiry part is concerned.
The corporate overview of the business system integration gives the reporting capabilities of the all interoperated
departments in an organization. It explains how the basic work flow and information flow and how the other
departments are related to one another. More importantly the reports of any year, and the information which can be
collected any time or requirements between external system (vendor side) and internal system (department side) which
helped in the future trends of the business or business forecasts or the performance of an organization as far as their
resources,finance,market etc are concerned.
9. On Job training and Education: The basic of manufacturing sector workhorse is shifted from the
labor intensive work to automated work, since most of the manufacturing work requires doing
different types of work at the same time. All workers should posses following skillsets :
1. Problem Solving
2. Communication
Business
Accounting
Management
Accounting
Business
Forecasting &
Planning
Business
Analysis Report
Customer
Finance and
Accounts
Production
Management
System
Materials
Management
System
Vendors

28. 3. Basic Maths
4. Basic Design, production plan, Inventory basics
5. Basic Machinery, Related Technology, skillsets associated
6. Basic Automation , processes
Basic education requires minimum high school diploma , Professional education include
technical diploma, degree.
10. Technology Transfer and R&D :
Technology transfer is defined as the technology used in the manufacturing products, technical know-how about the
product right from the designing part to final part. Technology transfer is limited to training of individuals and delivery
of services,support in other company,country or project work to strengthen the company position which can only be
possible through technology transfer. It also include machinery and equipment knowledge,toolkits,how machinery and
plants worked. It is of two types:
1. Direct Technology transfer : specific technology development linked through research
projects.
2. Indirect Technology transfer : exchange of knowledge through informal discussions,
publications, journals etc.
Eg Seimens building power plant in Russia,IBM set up R&D lab in India.
Research and Development:
R&D is important and required to create new technology and to absorb new technology for product and process
enhancements. The main problem associated with R&D of the Manufacturing,or Computers or Pharmaceutical sector is
that it required heavy investment ,equipments and the basic set up to create necessary system which helps in developing
the new technology. In most of the nations R&D investment is funded by private industry significantly and it is
important for productivity,growth, innovation ie new products,processes. 1% increase in R&D budget increases the
growth,innovation by 20% result conducted in a study under IMF working paper on manufacturing sector productivity.
India should focus on the R &D funding in Manufacturing,Service,Computers,Pharmaceutical,Retailing sectors for
overall country development and betterment at international level.
Electricity:
The objective of any power system is to generate electricityand transmit it to various locations minimize transmission
losses at economical rate. The power system comprises of generating stations,distribution and transmission,
consumers .Since electricity is required at various levels for example industries,domestic consumer
consumption,manufacturing plant. The load factor is analysed at every level, that how much power is generated and
how much it is consumed balancing the demand ,supply gap. Following are the conventional resources of energy :
1. Hydro power plant
2. Thermal power plant
3. Nuclear power plant
4. Gas/oil based plant.
HYDRO POWER PLANTS :

29. Water is main resource to generate electric power at higher altitude where kinetic energy of the stored water converted
mechanical energy of turbines converted into electrical energy.
THERMAL POWER STATIONS :
Fuel or coal is the main source of electricity generation in thermal power plants. Burning of fuel creates heated steam
which in turn rotate the turbine blades produces electricity. Heat energy is converted into mechanical energy converted
into electrical energy.
NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS :
Nuclear reactor is used to produce the necessary heat . Uranium,Thorium,Plutonium are the basic nuclear material or
fuel which drives the nuclear reactor to produce electricity. Uranium is commonly used to generate the nuclear energy
by nuclear fission reaction ie spilitting the nucleus matter which passes through boiler produces steam and drives the
turbines to create electrical energy.
GAS /OIL BASED PLANTS :
Chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy to produc electrical energy.Through internal combustion engine
energy is produced.
LOAD FACTOR –
Load factor is divided into following 3 parts :
1. Domestic Load : Load given by domestic appliances lights,fans,refrigerators, ACs,motor pumps or other small
household applicances. Peak real load refers to maximum real power load during a particular time.
2. Commercial Load: load consists of lights,fans,heater, ACs or other electrical appliances used for commercial purpose
such a shops,markets,office spaces.
3. Industrial load : load divided into small,medium and heavy depeding on required power range. Eg Small industries
requires load upto 25 KW ,medium industries requires load between 25 KW and 100 KW and heavy industries require
loads more than 500 KW
LOAD MODELLING :
Electrical load that varies as the supply voltage is changed. Loads are grouped into 3 categories depending on how their
demand varies as a function of voltage .
Constant power – Demand is constant regardless of voltage
Constant current – Demand is proportional to voltage
Constant Impedance – Power is proportional to square of voltage.
The general formulae for this modeling can be written as –
P = P~o(V/Vo)~ n
Q = Q~o(V/Vo)~n
P~o,Q~o,V~o are nominal real power,reactive power and voltage on per unit basis.
n=o for constant power
n=1 for constant current
n=2 for constant impedance.

30. Referance taken from the book Electric Power Transmission and Distribution – S Sivanagaraju.
Skilled Resource :
Skilled Resource includes 2 types of personnel –
5. Those who acquired higher education ,but lacking skillsets (Manager level)
6. Those who acquired skillsets,but lacking higher education (Operator , technician level)
Our understanding shows that basic manufacturing process,working knowledge is more important
than management skills and technical skills. As it takes years of practices to understand and achieve
basic understanding,reducing mistakes as the basic understanding level is developed only after
working in real. Training only helps but actual office work ie manufacturing work can only be learnt
after working in a production plant or manufacturing plant for years. It creates a basic conflict whom a
CEO should promote for higher work responsibility. Skilled workers are difficult to find and those
who are skilled as well highly qualified they are not easily available worldwide. A typical trait mostly
found in migrant workers shifted to US or Europe difficult to fill the job gaps because of work
politics,gender baising or work conflict situations.
Smaller companies is closesly aligned with every work personnel,however mid level or large
companies typical companies which are tightly result or output oriented companies which demands
work output in all tight situations. Therefore in mid or large firms skilled resource means good level
of aptitude,understanding ,result oriented personnel who are able to give double output,create
competitive advantage for the firm.
Infrastructure (Production Plan and Control) :
Infrastructure part includes basic machinery and equipment setup required for manufacturing products. In Production
plan control defined the manufacturing forecasts. Normally it takes a month or two to deliver the order goods. Once
order is placed it is assumed that depending on availability of resources it can be delivered in a month or so,this is what
we understand by forecasts. Time taken by a component to be manufactured by machines. Capacity plan problem is also
solved by time delivery,Advance order booking,or SLAs for on demand or on time delivery.
Process Design :
Manufacturing system consists of 3 parts Input,Process, and Output.
1. Input – Materials such as coal,ores,hydrocarbons converted to produce goods. Money is most important input
in setting up plants,and required from the beginning to finished goods. Energy is another important input
because it drives the machines and required for the functioning of a production plant.
2. Process – Processes are the the basic work methods in an enterprise. Inputs required to produce output
.Management provides PLOC(Planning,Leading,Organizing,directing,controlling) which is essential in order to
run a plant at profit level. Design part consists of creating plans for the products which are attractive,work
well,and offered at low cost. Finished goods are designed first by shop workers,draftman,engineers .
Production part consist of machines,processes,humans to meet the objectives of the
firm,customers,stakeholders.
INPUT   OUTPUT
Customer Demand
Material,money,energy Design,Production Plan Consumer goods,
Manpower,skills capital goods,quality,profit
PROCESS

31. 3. OUTPUT – Output of a manufacturing system is finished goods. Consumer goods are goods which people buy
for personal use eg food,cars. Capital goods are goods purchased by manufacturing firms to make consumer
goods eg Machine tools,computer controlled robots,and plants.
Thus process part is important part for a manufacturing plant to utilize its manpower,machines and goods
produced at efficient level and minimise the gaps,losses at human,machine or tool level. Change in consumer
values,environment,quality are important dependent variables which are studied in details as far as
manufacturing system is referred.
Ref : Manufacturing processand systems 9th
edition by Phillip Ostwald,J Munoz
Classification of Manufacturing Sector :
The overall – manufacturing sector is classified under 5 major groups eg –
1. Food
2. Beverage, Tobacco
3. Textile and clothing
4. Machinery Transport equipment
5. Chemicals and others.
Major sectors Dependent Variables Independent Variables
Food sector Milk,chesse,sea food,mangoes,fruit
and vegetables
Buffalos,cows,agriculture land,coastal
line,
Beverage ,Tobacco Soda drinks,Alcohol,
cigarettes,Pan,Bidis.
Consumers,buyers
Textile and Clothing Agriculture land,cotton,Yarn,spinning
technology
Retailers
Machinery Transport equipment Heavy trucks,load carriers,goods
trains
Profit margin,Supply of raw materials
Chemicals and others PVC plastics,rubbers

32. Factors for Manufacturing growth :
Service Sector - :
Manufacturing sector has complementary growth and effects on the service sector. We will try to understand in the
sector specific content. How the interoperability defines the relation of the associated sector as well.
Consumer goods and Textiles increased the growth in the retailing sector ,and its associated service sector is defined by
the value added services,nature,preference of the buyers,their likes and dislikes.
Automobile sector leads to the growth of the Service centres, repair,wear and tear
Basic Research Questions related to Service Sector wrt to Indian Market :
1. Service sector related to employment
2. How is a service industry related to Country growth
3. Basics framework of service sector
4. Existing and future service sector new opportunities.
5. Value proposition of the service sector.
6. Different technologies and business models used in the existing service industry.
1. Basic Business Model involves the basic parameters of the Service Industry / sector-
2. Product,service,information flows,
3. IT and Internet service ,Mobile internet service (wireless network),Core Services(main businesses),
Support Services (addition to main business)
4. Travel,Tourism
5. Financial Service
6. Banking
7. Legal service
8. Management Consulting
9. Professional Services
10. Education
11. Health Service
12. Airlines
13. Hotel,Bars,Restrauts – food service
Business model of service industry requires local culture,taste,cuisine,service and delivery.
Types of services important for the global economy , it comes under Tertiary sector of economy which
includes hotel,transport,storate,communication,banking,insurance,real estate,public administration,they are
also called service activites.

33. SERVICE SECTOR INTEROPERABILITY : sector which don’t manufacture goods ,and doing business
indirectly comes under the service sector examples :
Skillset which should come under the service sector :
1. Customer focused service and Support
2. Environment focus
3. Preferences and choices of related products
4. Customer Respect , market preference
5. Client base
Cross Comparison of SERVICE & MANUFACTURING sector :
Variables Manufacturing sector Related Service sector
Service
Sector
Types of
Services :
Producer,
Consumer
Importance of
Service sector &
Employment
Defects wrt to
Consumer and
Market

34. Operation System Input  Value Generation OUTPUT
Top IT Priorities of US and other part of world:
Business Process Automation through IT and Business alignment
Cloud Computing (Paas,Saas,Haas)
Web/Online world, Social Networking
ERP , CRM ,Help Desk , IT Support
Business Intelligence/Analytics and Data Mining
Cybersecurity
Data backup and Storage
Refresh and Updates of Complete IT System

35. Network Infrastructure, Internet,bandwidth
Backup and Recovery in case of failures
Skilled Workforce Basic Traits Unskilled Workforce Traits Combined Traits (Technology Skills
common to all Trades
SKILL MODELLING :
Analyse the link between skill gaps, education system and education reforms.
Training assistance for both public and private sector for workforce development in terms of course given,training
facilities and on job training.
Improving the quality of education by offering skills based subjects not plainly academic subjects.
Embedding soft as well as professional skills
Imparting training for all specialized work .
Strong strategic tie ups between Industry and academic institutions.
Teachers,Professors and College faculty staff too should be given timely training for upto date courses and interest eg
IT is not only about hardware or software courses, its all about complete Information system.
Education option should be made flexible for both students and faculty staff through online courses,offline mode,direct
or indirect participation.
MBA College EDUCATION STUDY :
SKILLGAPS STUDY : should fall into 3 main domain :
Specialists/Consultants
Management and Cordination
Administration.
Faculty Staff members
VARIOUS Ministeries/Office and Academic Insitutions Analysed.

36. Type of Education Occupation
Demand Drivers of MBA Employments :
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT COURSE DESIGNING BASICS wrt MBA graduates :
1. Skills which cannot be taught and
2. Skills based Courses which can be taught
3. Employability gaps : Academic Institutions and Industry Gaps
4. Analysis of Academic Institutions : SWOT Analysis of 5-6 colleges
Education System of MBA Colleges, Universities:
Need Analysis of Industry Gaps : SWOT and comparisons with reference to Academic institutions
Academics MBA institutes Industry Requirements
Learning GAPS :
Employability Skills :

37. 1) Industry specific qualification and skillsets
2) Computer /IT Skills
3) Speaking/Writing/Listening skills
4) Focus A and Analytical skills
5) Foreign Langauge skills
6) Problem solving skills
7) Interpersonal skills
8) Flexibility and team working skills
9) Professionalism skills (Dresscode, sense of humour, work sense, environment learning, adjustment with
situations etc )
10) More pay and financial perks with extra work.
11) Lack of interests/ Enthusiasm
Basic or Various gaps should be aligned with PDP programs:
 Interpersonal Skills :
 Communication Skills:
 Team working and team building
 Time Management
 Basic Business Etiquettes
 Problem Solving Skills
 Conflict Handling skills
 Social Interactions
 Industry Domain knowledge
 Line of work skills
 Ability to think skills
 Language skills
 Management skills
 ICT skill development module
 Sector specific development programs.
 Charity program and charity basics .

38. Function level Skills Required Skill Gaps PDP Intervention
Industry Growth and Production with respect to Country growth rate
2 Imp sector – Manufacturing Sector
Sector Sector.
Supply and Demand of above Humar Resources in these sectors :
Job oriented courses :
2020 skills sets sought by employer –
1 – Cognitive skills.
2- Active listening.
3- leadership – social perception, judgement, decision making.
4- Communication. – Active listening, speaking, reading comprehension
5- Data Analysis or Analytics. – Critical thinking, monitoring, coordination.
6- Administration.
Companies that provide coaching to employees, benefits from improvements in – survey done by consulting firm -
Productivity - 53%
Quality - 48%
Organizational Strength – 4%
Customer Service – 39%
Reducing Customer compliant – 34%
Retaining Employees – 32%
Cost Reductions – 23%

39. Employees who received coaching, benefit from improved –
77% - working relationships with direct reports.
71% - Working relationships with immediate supervisor.
67% - Teamwork
63% - working relationship with peers.
61% - job satisfaction
52% - conflict reduction
44% - Organizational commitment
37% - working relationship with clients.
Job growth depends on –
1. Rising Demand,
2. Export revival ,
3. Addressing Skill mismatch.
Personality Disorders –
Names Types
Cluster A (odd) Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal
Cluster B
(dramatic)
Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic
Cluster C
(anxious)
Avoidant Dependent Obsessive Compulsive
Not Specified Depressive Passive –
Aggressive
Sadistic Self –defeating
Principles of Personality Development –
1. Cumulative Continuity principle – traits increases in rank order
2. Maturity Principle – People become more socially dominant, agreeable, conscientious, and emotionally stable
with age.
3. Plasticity Principle – Personality traits are open systems that can be influenced by the environment at any age.
4. Role Continuity – consistent roles rather than consistent environments are the cause of continuity in personality
over time.

40. 5. Identify Development principle – with age, the process of developing , committing to , and maintaining an
identity leads to greater personality consistency
6. Social investment principle – Investing in social institutions, such as age-graded social roles, outside of self are
one of the driving mechanisms of personality development, in general and greater maturity, in particular.
7. Corresponsive Principle – The effect of life experience on personality development is to deepen the
characteristics that lead people to those experiences in the first place.
Questionnaire theory –
There are six types of closed questions –
1) List – Where a respondent is offered a list of items, any of which may be selected.
2) Category – Where respondent can be selected from given set of categories .
3) Ranking – Respondent is asked to place itemns in order
4) Scale – scaling device is used to record responses
5) Quantity – Response is a no giving the amount
6) Grid – responses to two or more questions can be recorded using the same matrix.
Research topic investigations – (PAPER PRESENTATIONS) :
Reseach
Question/objectives
Type of
Research
Investigative
Question
Variables
required
Data in which
data measured
Checks included
in questionnaire
Thesis layout –

41. Chapter 1- Introduction – detailed overview of chosen research topic ,clear objectives ,include statement of problem and
who will benefit from study, sets of research questions ,focus on writing style and structures.
Chapter 2- Literature Review – Analyze existing literature, and your chosen ones (deductive approach ) like from theory
to practice (development tracks ) relevant heading and subheadings.
Chapter 3- Methodology - Research philosophy, approach, strategy,and research design
Chapter 4- Results and Analysis - publish results, and interpret findings, variables, relations,
Acknowledgement
I would like to put my sincere gratitude to my research guide as well as online books,internet who provided me
esteemed guidance and help me in every step for doing this research work. I am also grateful to my friends who
provided me needed information required for this research work.