Dominance-Dependence and World Systems Approach views of development

Alternative Views of Development ,[object Object],[object Object]

Dominance – Dependence Theory or Dependency Theory (not the Domino Theory!) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Rostow (recap) time level of development The Traditional Society Pre-conditions for Take Off Take Off High Mass Consumption The Drive to Maturity Everyone wins in the end! – or do they?

Dominance – Dependence Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

“ Value Added” ,[object Object],[object Object],= PROFIT

Width of arrows represents the value of exports Disparity North America Europe “ NORTH” Africa Asia South America “ SOUTH” Australia and NZ? Cars, Appliances, Machinery, Hi-tech, … Rubber, Minerals, Gems Cocoa, Coffee, …

Disparity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Solution!!? ,[object Object],[object Object],* Import Substitution: a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products. This usually involves government spending to encourage the development of local industry through direct incentives, tax breaks, duties, quotas and tariffs (all of which are today frowned upon as being “barriers to free trade”. NZ removed all of its barriers from 1984 onwards.

Unfortunately… ,[object Object],[object Object]

Persistent poverty – why? ,[object Object]

Alternative views ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Marxism: a class struggle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun” Mao Zedong, 1938 Based on the writings of Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) in “The Communist Manifesto”

Dominance – Dependence Theory ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Dominance – Dependence Theory “ Dominant” or “Centre” Countries *Periphery = out on the edges or margins #OECD = Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (NZ is a member) “ Dependent” or “ Periphery”* Countries Industrialised countries of OECD# ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dominance – Dependence Theory ,[object Object],“ Dependent” or “ Periphery” Countries multinational corporations international commodity markets foreign aid communications These factors dwarf the size of most “Dependent” countries’ economies

[object Object],Dominance – Dependence Theory “ Dependent” or “ Periphery”* Country ,[object Object],[object Object],“ Dominant” or “Centre” Country

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dominance – Dependence Theory

[object Object],[object Object],Dominance – Dependence Theory

[object Object],Dominance – Dependence Theory

[object Object],Dominance – Dependence Theory Therefore…

[object Object],[object Object],Dominance – Dependence Theory Therefore…

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dominance – Dependence Theory Therefore…

Now if you’re really keen…

World Systems Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],World Systems Approach

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],World Systems Approach

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],World Systems Approach

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],World Systems Approach

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],World Systems Approach

World History According to the World Systems Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

World History According to the World Systems Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

World History According to the World Systems Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dominance-Dependence and World Systems Approach views of development

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