2. What is automation?
Automation refers to the state
of being automatically
operated equipments or
machines and is the step
beyond mechanization where
it requires physical labor to
perform the functions
manually.
3. WHAT IS AUTOMATION?
It is a technology dealing with the
application of
mechatronics,computers for
production of goods.
4. Need of Automation
i. Saves time
ii. Save money(long run)
iii. Self maintenance
iv. Security
v. Increaseed producivity
vi. Reliablity and Accuracy
6. 2 Types of automation system
Industrial automation
Home automation
7. 1. Industrial Automation
Industrial automation is the process of making
industrial production processes more flexible and
simpler at higher efficiencies. Automation integration
to the industries results intelligent manufacturing
solutions at improved product quality and productivity
with reduced downtime and wastes.
9. 1. Industrial Automation
Types
I. Numerically Controlled Machines
II. Computer –Aided Manufacturing
III. Industrial Robots
IV. Flexible manufacturing Systems
10. These machines are of computer controlled
machines which uses computers to perform
the control operations by acquiring,
processing, calculating and controlling the
process variables. This automation is a
programmed version of machine tools and
also called as Computerized Numerical
Controlled (CNC) Machines.
11. Applications
These CNC machines are used in cutting and milling
applications for high accuracy and accurate precision
operation
12. These automation systems also make use of
computers to plan, design and layout the
various products.
Examples of this automation systems are
computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided
design and drafting (CADD) and computer-
aided process planning (CAPP).
13. Industrial Robots
Difinition
These are a type of automated machines or
equipment’s that can perform the different
tasks for longer duration. These are mostly
implemented in the areas that are highly
dangerous or hazardous for humans.
18. Flexible Manufacturing Systems
This automation is of fully automated
one.
Starting from planning and
designing process to dispatching of
products, the whole system is
completely integrated to be
automated. This automation combines
numerically controlled machines,
industrial robots and other automation
equipment’s into one integrated
system.
20. Flexible change among technological
alternatives.
Low level of workforce.
Small batches.
High productivity.
Reduced set-up times.
21. Home automation system does the operations
like lighting control and regulation, regulating
HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)
equipment’s, energy and load management,
security and monitoring, audio/ video systems,
HMI’s and other control tasks.
Home automation uses the various sensors to
sense parameters like temperature, pressure,
motion, illumination, etc and sends these signals
to central controllers. These controllers are
programmable devices like PLCs which are
programmed according to the application it is
employed for.
26. This automation is of low cost since it uses
powerlines to transfer the information or data
therefore it doesn’t require additional cables for
transferring the information. However, this system
is of little bit complex one that necessitates
additional converter circuits.
27. Wired Home Automation System
This type of automation uses a common
communication bus to which all the equipments in
homes are connected. This communication bus or
cable is connected to a main controller (plc) in order to
acquire input signals and to send control command
signals to the actuators.
28. Wireless Home
Automation
This is an advanced automation technology as
compared with wired automation. This automaton
uses wireless technologies like RF, Zigbee, GSM,
WI-Fi and Bluetooth for achieving remote control
operation.
This is a flexible type of automation requires
negligible wires to connect different appliances in
homes to the central control unit.
29.
30. PLC(PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER)
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an industrial computer
that monitors inputs, makes decisions based on its program and
controls outputs to automate a process or machine.
The automation of many different processes, such as controlling
machines or factory assembly lines, is done through the use of small
computers called a programmable logic controllers (PLCs).
31. WHY PLC?
To reduce human efforts .
To get maximum efficiency from machine and control them with
human logic .
To reduce complex circuitry of entire system .
To eliminate the high costs associated with inflexible, relay-controlled
systems.
32. UNDERSTANDING OF PLC (Example )
Machine can be controlled by PLC without human efforts
33. PLC
INPUT OUTPUT
PUSH BUTTONS
1. INPUT MODULES accepts and converts signals from sensors into a
logic signal
Ex. : Switches, Pushbuttons.
2. OUTPUT MODULES that convert control instructions a signal that can
be used by actuators.
Ex. : lamps, alarm.
COMPONENTS (INPUT /OUTPUT)
34. 3. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU)
It is the brain of PLC and governs the activities of the entire PLC systems
The CPU consists of following blocks :
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
Internal memory of CPU
Internal timers ,counters and Flags .
The various operations performed are :
Scanning I/O bus traffic control,
Program execution,
Peripheral and External device communication,
Data handling and self diagnostics.
PROCESSOR
4. MEMORY is the component that stores information, programs and data in
a PLC.
COMPONENTS (CPU ,MEMORY)
Types of memories used in PLCs are read only memory (ROM) and
random access memory (RAM).
35. 5. POWER SUPPLY
Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC
components. POWER
SUPPLY
6. PROGRAMMING DEVICE
The programming terminal is used for programming
the PLC and monitoring/sequencing PLCs
operation.
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
COMPONENTS (POWER SUPPLY, PROGRAMMING DEVICE)
36. CHECK INPUT STATUS
First the PLC takes a look at each
I/O to determine if it is on or off.
EXECUTE PROGRAM
Next the PLC executes the program
one instruction at a time.
UPDATE OUTPUT STATUS
Finally the PLC updates the status of
the outputs .It updates the outputs
based on which inputs were on during
the first step.
PLC OPERATION
37. Ladder logic is a programming language used to
develop software for PLC used in industrial control
applications.
PLC PROGRAMMING
38. Manufacturing / Machining
Food / Beverage
Textile Industry
Travel Industry
Aerospace
Printing Industry
AREAS OF APPLICATION
39. Replacing Human Operators
Dangerous Environments
Beyond Human Capabilities
Fast
Easily programmed and have an easily understood
programming language.
Improves Productivity
Improves Quality
ADVANTAGES
40. PLC Devices Are Proprietary
Initial Costs Are High
There's Too Much Work Required In
Connecting Wires
Unemployment Rate Increases
DISADVANTAGES
