1. NISHANT ROHATGI
8 A
Roll No. 24

2. • Born 18 July 1918 in a small village Mvenzo , Emtata in
Transkei
• 18 of July in Sout Africa is a public holiday in his honour
• Birth name Rolihlahla “the troublemaker” Mandela
• His Teacher gave him the English name "Nelson"
• Mandela was influenced by his father to become a
Lawyer
• His father died of tuberculosis when he was only 9

3.  Apartheid was a system of government is South Africa
between 1948 and 1994.Literally it meant “apartness”
and “segregation.” An official policy of racial
segregation formerly practiced in the Republic of South
Africa, involving political, legal, and economic
discrimination against nonwhites.

4. The were 4 groups classified by the government this groups
were
Blacks 71%
Whites 16%
Coloureds and Indians 10%
Asians 3%

5. Anti-apartheid activities
In 1961, Mandela became leader of the ANC's(African
National Congress)which he co-founded. After Mandela
saw that non violent protesting had not and would not
achieve any progress, at a desperate time like this he called
for desperate measures.
He coordinated and organised sabotage campaigns (such
as bombing places of apartheid like courts, post offices and
government offices against military and government
targets, in an attempt to end apartheid. Mandela also
raised funds from abroad to training the group.
His rebellious ways ,disobeying curfews, organising
boycotts soon lead to his arrest.

6.  On 5 August 1962 Mandela was arrested after living on the run for
seventeen months
 The U.S. Agency (THE CIA) tipped off the security police as to
Mandela's whereabouts and disguise.

7. Imprisonment
•Nelson Mandela was
imprisoned on Robben
Island where he remained
for the next eighteen of his
twenty-seven years in
prison.
• While in jail, his
reputation grew and he
became widely known as
the most significant black
leader in South Africa.
•Prisoners were segregated
by race. Political prisoners
were kept separate from
ordinary criminals and
received fewer privileges.
•He was allowed one visitor
and one letter every

8. On 2 February 1990, President F.W. de Klerk reversed the ban on the
ANC and other anti-apartheid organisations, and announced that
Mandela would shortly be released from prison.
Mandela was released from Victor Verster Prison in Paarl on 11
February 1990. The event was broadcast live all over the world.

9.  Mandela encouraged black South Africans to get behind the
previously hated Springboks (the South African national rugby
team) as South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup. After the
Springboks won an epic final over New Zealand, Mandela
presented the trophy to captain Francois Pienaar, An Afrikaner,
wearing a Springbok shirt with Pienaar „ s own number 6 on the
back. This was widely seen as a major step in the reconciliation of
white and black South Africans.

10. •Mandela's first marriage was to Evelyn Ntoko Mase
•Mandela's second wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
•Mandela was remarried, on his 80th birthday in 1998, to Graca Machel

11. After his retirement as President,
Mandela went on to become an advocate
for a variety of social and human rights
organisations.