self

1. Critical
Thinking Tools
and Methods
– Pt. 2
DR FARIZA HANIS
ABDUL RAZAK
DR NURULHUDA
NOORDIN
EN FAUZI MOHD
SAMAN

2. Learning
Outcomes
At the end of this lecture, you
should be able to:
◦Describe type of critical thinking
tools and methods
◦Apply critical thinking tools to solve
problems

3. Observation
Active acquisition of
information from a primary
source (Wikipedia)
The action or process of
observing something or
someone carefully or in order
to gain information (Google)

5. Type of observation
Quantitative
Observations are
numerical
measurement
Eg. The mass of a
ball is 600g
Qualitative
Observations are
descriptions based
on senses
Eg. The ball is round
and red

6. Can you describe this picture based on
quantitative and
Qualitative observations?
Quantitative Qualitative
(colour)
(shape)

7. Observation Methods
Controlled
• Structured
• Lab
• Tools: checklist,
survey, coding
sheet
Naturalistic
• Unstructured
• Natural
environment
• Tools: video,
camera
Participant
• Unstructured
• Natural
environment
• Involvement
with
participants

8. Tool for
structured
observation

9. Class
Attendance
To find out:
• Who is absent today?
• Who was absent
yesterday?
• Who is absent the most
this week?
• Who is likely to be absent
next week?

10. How many times do
you use your mobile
phone?
Day / Time 8 -
10
10 -
12
12 -
2
2 -
4
4 - 6 6 - 8 8 -10 10 -
12
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
• How many time do you your mobile phone in a day? A week?
• When and where do you use it the most?
• How do you use your mobile phone?
Please tick () at the right time.
Self-monitoring Checklist
Exercise 1

11. How to observe in a natural environment?

13. Exercise 2
Use AEIOU framework to observe people’s behaviour.
Please choose one.
• Bus stop
• Classrooms @ CS2 Building
• Student lounge @ Laman Najib
• Carpark
Present your findings

14. Evaluation
(Poth et al., 2015)
The systematic assessment of
the design, implementation or
results of an initiative for the
purposes of learning or
decision-making.

15. Evaluation
Methods

16. Usability Test
(usabilitytest.gov)
Usability testing refers to evaluating a product or service
by testing it with representative users.
Typically, during a test, participants will try to complete
typical tasks while observers watch, listen and takes
notes. The goal is to identify any usability problems,
collect qualitative and quantitative data and determine
the participant's satisfaction with the product.
To run an effective usability test, you need to develop a
solid test plan, recruit participants , and then analyze and
report your findings.

17. Questionnaires
PERCEIVED USABILITY
PERCEIVED USER SATISFACTION

18. Questionnaire to measure
perceived usability

19. Questionnaire to
measure perceived user
satisfaction

20. Exercise 3
(Group)
Go to our faculty website:
fskm.uitm.edu.my
Identify tasks a user needs to do:
1. Find an IT coordinator
2. Find recent student activities
3. Find information on ICT500
Use the questionnaires to measure:
◦ Usability of the faculty website
◦ User satisfaction towards the faculty
website
Get responses from 20 students

21. Results
PERCEIVED USABILITY: PERCEIVED USER
SATISFACTION:
WHAT DO THEY
MEAN?

22. Assignment 1
(individual)
(to be
evaluated)
Young People’s Sharing Behaviour on
Social Media
Study 3 active social media users for a
week. You task is to find out:
1. What do they share (or post) on
social media?
2. How frequent do they share (or
post) on social media?
3. Why do they share (or post)?
Present your findings (ppt slides)

23. Content Analysis
User Background Information
Name
Age
Occupation
Sharing Behaviour
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7
What do they
post?
• Picture of themselves
• Picture of others
• News
• Stories
• Religious articles
• Learning
How often do
they post in a
day?
• None
• Once
• Twice
• More than three

24. Findings
Background Information
User 1 User 2 User 3
Who are they?
How old are they?
What do they do?
Sharing Behaviour
What do they post?
How often do they post in a day?
What do you think their reason for
sharing/posting?