Extract DNA from Banana at Home

©SIProp Project, 2006-2008 1
Protocol of the DNA Extraction in Kitchen
Noritsuna Imamura
noritsuna@siprop.org

What’s DNA?
ＤNA is a Blueprint for Living Being(Ex.Human).
Weight: 0.003ng = 0.000000000003g
Chromosome is a Packet for DNA.
Human has 46 Chromosomes(2 Sets of 23 Kinds of
Chromosome).
Nucleus is a Core of Cell.
Cell is minimum Unit of Living Being.
Human has 37 trillion(37,000,000,000,000) Cells.
Source: http://www.ashg.org/education/everyone_1.shtml

Let’s Extract DNA from Banana

Summary
Total Time: 20-30mins
Protocol
1. Make 10% Saline of 30mL.
2. Cut Banana to 20g.
3. Put Saline, Banana, Dishwashing liquid(6 drops) &
Contact lens cleaning solution(6 drops) in Plastic Bag.
4. Mash Banana & Mix them in Plastic Bag. (3mins)
5. Filter “4” Solution in Test Tube. (3mins)
6. Make a micro Tube of DNA Solution
7. Mix 95% Ethanol & Filtered Solution in Test Tube.
1. Pick up Banana’s DNA from Test Tube.

Check Tools
Pipette
Pipette
Chip
Dishwash
ing Liquid
Plastic Bag
Scales Beaker
Test Tube Micro Tube Tube Stand
Funnel &
Filter Paper
Lens
cleaning
solution
Ethanol
Salt

1-1, Make 10% Saline of 30mL
Required Tools:
Scales
Beakers
Spoon
Muddler
Salt
CAUTION: Please Skip this part & Use Distilled Water(30mL),
if you do the DNA Test Experiment.

1-2, Scale Salt & Water
What is “10% Saline of 30mL”?
10% Saline = 90% Water + 10% Salt
30mL = 90% Water + 10% Salt = 27mL Water + 3g Salt
Today’s Experiment is Not a Strict Experiment.
≒ 30mL Water + 5g Salt
Because it is easy to scale them!

1-3, Mix Salt & Water
Use a Plastic Beaker & a Muddler
Target Transparency → → →

2-1, Cut Banana to 20g.
Required Tools:
Scales
Cutting Board
Knife
Banana

2-2, Cut Banana to 20g.
Peel & Cut(Slice) Banana.
Point: Cut Thin!

3-1, Put All Items in the Plastic Bag
Mixed Items:
Saline: 30mL
Cut Banana: 20g
Dishwashing liquid: 6 Drops
Contact lens cleaning solution: 6 Drops
Required Tools:
Plastic Bag

3-2, Put All Items in the Plastic Bag
1. Put Cut Banana
2. Put Saline
3. Drop 6 Drops of Dishwashing liquid
4. Drop 6 Drops of Contact lens cleaning solution

3-3, Close the Plastic Bag

4-1, Mash Banana & Mix them in Bag.
Required Tools:
Your Hands!

4-2, Mash Banana
Mash Banana for 3mins

5-1, Filter “4” Solution in Test Tube
Required Tools:
Funnel
Filter Paper
Test Tube
Tube Stand

5-2, Fold Filter Paper
1. Fold Crescent-shape
2. Fold Quadrant of a Circle
3. Make Cone-shape (Open the Filter Paper)

Easy Way of Filtering Mashed Something
Use Gauze Sheets as 1st Filter & a Coffee Filter
as 2nd Filter.
Gauze(1st Filter) prevents clogging of a Filter
Pater/Coffee Filter with Mashed Banana.
A Coffee Filter is easier to buy a Paper Filter.

5-3, Set Up Funnel & Test Tube
1. Set The Cone in the Funnel
2. Set the Test Tube into the Tube Stand
3. Insert the Funnel to the Test Tube

5-4, Drip the Mashed Banana Solution
1. Move the Solution to the One Side of the Bag
2. Cut the Bag of Opposite Side
3. Pour the Solution into the Funnel
4. Wait for 3mins

5-5, Check the Amount of Solution
Pick up the Funnel & the Test Tube together
Check the Amount of Filtered Solution
DNA melts into this solution.
Minimum
Solution

Try to Make one more Tube!

6-1, Make a micro Tube of DNA Solution
Required Tools:
Micro Pipette (200uL or 1000uL)
Pipette Chips
Micro Tube (0.2mL=200uL) aka PCR Tube

6-2, Set Pipette’s Amount
We need “100uL” Liquid.
Set Scale Dial at “100(200uL)” or “010(1000uL)”
Amount
Dial

6-3, Set Up Pipette Chip
Insert Pipette Chip to Tip of the Pipette

6-4, How to Use the Pipette?
Push Button has 2 kinds of type.
1st Stop・・・Suck Operation
2nd Stop・・・Flash Operation
Procedure
1. Push & Keep the Push Button to 1st Stop
2. Insert the Pipette Chip into the Solution
3. Release the Push Button Slowly
1. Suck the Solution with the Pipette.
4. Extract the Pipette from the Test Tube
5. Insert the Pipette Chip into a micro Tube
1. & Keep this position 1sec
7. Push & Keep the Push Button to 2nd Stop(Flash)
8. Extract the Pipette from the micro Tube
Push
Button

6-5, Move the Solution to a micro Tube
Move the Solution from the Test Tube to a
micro Tube
Suck the Filtered Solution from the Test Tube
Procedure
2. Insert the Pipette Chip into the Solution of the Test Tube
3. Release the Push Button Slowly
1. Suck the Filtered Solution with the Pipette.
4. Extract the Pipette from the Test Tube

6-6, Move the Solution to a micro Tube
Move the Solution from the Test Tube to a
micro Tube
Move the Filtered Solution to the micro Tube
Procedure
5. Insert the Pipette Chip into a micro Tube
1. & Keep this position 1sec
7. Push & Keep the Push Button to 2nd Stop(Flash)
8. Extract the Pipette from the micro Tube

6-7, Throw the Pipette Chip
Push the Eject Pipette
Chip Button on Garbage.
Please Change the
Pipette Chip by each
Using Pipette.
Eject Pipette
Chip Button

6-8, Why made it?
This Tube is used in DNA Test Phase.
For PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) Sequence
Amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of
DNA.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

Please Stop this Experiment,
if you do the DNA Test Experiment.
And Go to “Protocol of the DNA Test in Kitchen”

7-1, Mix Ethanol & the Filtered Solution
Required Tools:
90% over Ethanol (1-2 Times Amount of the Filtered
Solution)
The Tubes of the Filtered Solution
The Test Tube
The micro Tube

7-2, Put Ethanol into the Test Tube
Using the Funnel without a Filter
1-2 Times Amount of the Filtered Solution

7-3, Pick Up DNA
1. Insert a Fork into the Test Tube
2. Stir this Solution Super Slowly by the Fork
1. A White Haze gradually appears.
3. Pick Up this White Haze
1. This is Banana’s DNA!!!

7-4, The micro Tube Side
Mix Ethanol(100uL)
Put Ethanol into the micro Tube by Pipette

7-5, Flick the micro Tube with a Finger
When Flick a finger, A White Haze appears.
This is called “Tapping Method” in Bio Science

The Principle of This Experiment

The Principle of Surfactant
Dishwashing Liquid
This alias is Surfactant. This is a catalyst which can
mix oil with water.
Surfactant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant
Cell & Cell nuclear have membrane. A structure of
Cell Membrane & Nuclear Membrane is Lipid(≓oil)
Bilayer.
Lipid Bilayer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer
Dishwashing Liquid can break down Cell Membrane &
Nuclear Membrane.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)#/media/File:Wilson1900Fig2.jpg

The Principle of Protease
Contact lens cleaning solution
One of the ingredients of this is protein-degrading
enzymes(=Protease).
Protease
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease
Chromosome is made by DNA & some kinds of
Proteins.
Contact lens cleaning solution can separate
Chromosome into DNA & some kinds of Proteins.

The Principle of Filter
Filter
DNA is called Nucleic Acids.
Nucleic Acids melts into water.
Your Hand Surfactant Protease Water

The Principle of Ionization
Saline(Salt)
Salt alias is Sodium Chloride.
Chemical Formula of Sodium Chloride: NaCl
Saline alias is Electrolyte Solution of NaCl(= NaCl is
ionized to Na+ & Cl- in water)
Ionic Formula of Sodium Chloride: NaCl→ Na+ + Cl-
DNA Ionization
One part of the DNA backbone is a phosphate group.
Red Circle Part is ionized to P-O-(Ionized DNA) & H+ in water.
Ionic Formula : DNA→ H+ + P-O-(Ionized DNA)
DNA Ionization Status is Negative(-).
Repulsive force acts on each Ionized DNA.
Ionized DNA can NOT fit a lump.
Source: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/aminoacids/dna1.html#top

The Principle of Ionic Bond
Ionic Bond
Between Positive(+) Ion & Negative(-) Ion bond.
Positive(+): Na+ from Salt
Negative(-): P-O-(Ionized DNA) from DNA
Ionic Formula : Na+ + P-O-(Ionized DNA) → P-ONa = DNA
Natrium
DNA Natrium doesn’t have Electric Charge.
DNA Natrium CAN fit a lump.

The Principle of Precipitation
95% Ethanol
When Solution of the Filtered Solution & Ethanol are
mixed, DNA Natrium moves the Filtered
Solution(Water) side to Ethanol side.
Solubility: the Filtered Solution(Water) > Ethanol
DNA Natrium Lump is precipitated in Ethanol.

Next
Protocol of the DNA Test in Kitchen

Extract DNA from Banana at Home

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