1.
to...NortHACKton

2.
Why?

3.
•Easy to learn• Multi paradigm• Extensive library• Great community• Fun!

4.
http://python.org/download/ (for now use the 2.7 version)

5.
“Hello, World!”>>> print "Hello, World!"

6.
“Hello, World!”$ pythonPython 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Jun 24 2010, 21:47:49)[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwinType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license"for more information.>>> print "Hello, World!"Hello, World!

7.
“Hello, World!” Start the Python interpreter$ python from the command linePython 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Jun 24 2010, 21:47:49)[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwinType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license"for more information.>>> print "Hello, World!"Hello, World!

8.
“Hello, World!”$ pythonPython 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Jun 24 2010, 21:47:49)[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwinType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license"for more information.>>> print "Hello, World!"Hello, World! Generic information about the Python interpreter.

9.
“Hello, World!”$ pythonPython 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Jun 24 2010, 21:47:49)[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwinType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license"for more information.>>> print "Hello, World!"Hello, World! You type this bit...

10.
“Hello, World!” $ python Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Jun 24 2010, 21:47:49) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> print "Hello, World!" Hello, World!Python returns the result (you made that happen!)

11.
“Hello, World!” function def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name

12.
“Hello, World!” functionFunctions are named blocks of code that do stuff. def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name

13.
“Hello, World!” functiondef = define def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name

14.
“Hello, World!” functionhello = name of function def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name

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“Hello, World!” functionan argument (input) into the function def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name

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“Hello, World!” function a default value for the name arg def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name

17.
“Hello, World!” function def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name Whitespace (a 4 space indent) indicates scope

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“Hello, World!” function def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello.comments & docs :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name

19.
“Hello, World!” function def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name return = result

20.
“Hello, World!” function def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name a string (use either or ")

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“Hello, World!” function def hello(name="World!"): """ Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet """ return "Hello, %s" % name string formatting

22.
Call the function (note the brackets)>>> hello()Hello, World!>>> hello("NortHACKton")Hello, NortHACKton>>> hello("Widget")Hello, Widget

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>>> hello() Here’s the result...Hello, World!>>> hello("NortHACKton")Hello, NortHACKton>>> hello("Widget")Hello, Widget

24.
>>> hello() Hello, World! >>> hello("NortHACKton") Hello, NortHACKton >>> hello("Widget") Hello, WidgetAha! Pass in arguments between the brackets...

25.
HELP!>>> dir()[__builtins__, __doc__,__name__, __package__, hello]>>> help(hello)Help on function hello in module __main__:hello(name=World!) Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet

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HELP!>>> dir() return the attributes of given scope[__builtins__, __doc__,__name__, __package__, hello]>>> help(hello) display help from docstringHelp on function hello in module __main__:hello(name=World!) Makes Python say hello. :param name: who to greet

27.
Assignment>>> greeting = hello(NortHACKton!)>>> greetingHello, NortHACKton!>>> type(greeting)<type str>>>> foo = 1>>> type(foo)<type int>>>> bar = 1.234>>> type(bar)<type float>>>> dir(greeting)[__add__, __class__, __contains__, __delattr__, __doc__, __eq__, __format__,__ge__, __getattribute__, __getitem__, __getnewargs__, __getslice__, __gt__,__hash__, __init__, __le__, __len__, __lt__, __mod__, __mul__, __ne__,__new__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __rmod__, __rmul__, __setattr__,__sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__, _formatter_field_name_split,_formatter_parser, capitalize, center, count, decode, encode, endswith,expandtabs, find, format, index, isalnum, isalpha, isdigit, islower,isspace, istitle, isupper, join, ljust, lower, lstrip, partition, replace,rfind, rindex, rjust, rpartition, rsplit, rstrip, split, splitlines,startswith, strip, swapcase, title, translate, upper, zfill]

28.
Assignment>>> greeting = hello(NortHACKton!)>>> greeting greeting holds the return valueHello, NortHACKton! and it’s a string (of characters)!>>> type(greeting)<type str>>>> foo = 1>>> type(foo)<type int>>>> bar = 1.234>>> type(bar)<type float>>>> dir(greeting)[__add__, __class__, __contains__, __delattr__, __doc__, __eq__, __format__,__ge__, __getattribute__, __getitem__, __getnewargs__, __getslice__, __gt__,__hash__, __init__, __le__, __len__, __lt__, __mod__, __mul__, __ne__,__new__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __rmod__, __rmul__, __setattr__,__sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__, _formatter_field_name_split,_formatter_parser, capitalize, center, count, decode, encode, endswith,expandtabs, find, format, index, isalnum, isalpha, isdigit, islower,isspace, istitle, isupper, join, ljust, lower, lstrip, partition, replace,rfind, rindex, rjust, rpartition, rsplit, rstrip, split, splitlines,startswith, strip, swapcase, title, translate, upper, zfill]

29.
Assignment>>> greeting = hello(NortHACKton!)>>> greetingHello, NortHACKton!>>> type(greeting) foo holds the number 1<type str>>>> foo = 1>>> type(foo)<type int>>>> bar = 1.234 and it’s an integer (whole number)!>>> type(bar)<type float>>>> dir(greeting)[__add__, __class__, __contains__, __delattr__, __doc__, __eq__, __format__,__ge__, __getattribute__, __getitem__, __getnewargs__, __getslice__, __gt__,__hash__, __init__, __le__, __len__, __lt__, __mod__, __mul__, __ne__,__new__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __rmod__, __rmul__, __setattr__,__sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__, _formatter_field_name_split,_formatter_parser, capitalize, center, count, decode, encode, endswith,expandtabs, find, format, index, isalnum, isalpha, isdigit, islower,isspace, istitle, isupper, join, ljust, lower, lstrip, partition, replace,rfind, rindex, rjust, rpartition, rsplit, rstrip, split, splitlines,startswith, strip, swapcase, title, translate, upper, zfill]

30.
Assignment>>> greeting = hello(NortHACKton!)>>> greetingHello, NortHACKton!>>> type(greeting)<type str>>>> foo = 1>>> type(foo) bar holds the number 1.234<type int>>>> bar = 1.234>>> type(bar)<type float>>>> dir(greeting) and it’s a float (’ing point number)![__add__, __class__, __contains__, __delattr__, __doc__, __eq__, __format__,__ge__, __getattribute__, __getitem__, __getnewargs__, __getslice__, __gt__,__hash__, __init__, __le__, __len__, __lt__, __mod__, __mul__, __ne__,__new__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __rmod__, __rmul__, __setattr__,__sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__, _formatter_field_name_split,_formatter_parser, capitalize, center, count, decode, encode, endswith,expandtabs, find, format, index, isalnum, isalpha, isdigit, islower,isspace, istitle, isupper, join, ljust, lower, lstrip, partition, replace,rfind, rindex, rjust, rpartition, rsplit, rstrip, split, splitlines,startswith, strip, swapcase, title, translate, upper, zfill]

31.
Assignment>>> greeting = hello(NortHACKton!)>>> greetingHello, NortHACKton!>>> type(greeting)<type str>>>> foo = 1>>> type(foo)<type int>>>> bar = 1.234>>> type(bar)<type float>>>> dir(greeting) remember this..?[__add__, __class__, __contains__, __delattr__, __doc__, __eq__, __format__,__ge__, __getattribute__, __getitem__, __getnewargs__, __getslice__, __gt__,__hash__, __init__, __le__, __len__, __lt__, __mod__, __mul__, __ne__,__new__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __rmod__, __rmul__, __setattr__,__sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__, _formatter_field_name_split,_formatter_parser, capitalize, center, count, decode, encode, endswith,expandtabs, find, format, index, isalnum, isalpha, isdigit, islower,isspace, istitle, isupper, join, ljust, lower, lstrip, partition, replace,rfind, rindex, rjust, rpartition, rsplit, rstrip, split, splitlines,startswith, strip, swapcase, title, translate, upper, zfill]

32.
Assignment>>> greeting = hello(NortHACKton!)>>> greetingHello, NortHACKton!>>> type(greeting)<type str>>>> foo = 1>>> type(foo)<type int>>>> bar = 1.234>>> type(bar)<type float>>>> dir(greeting)[__add__, __class__, __contains__, __delattr__, __doc__, __eq__, __format__,__ge__, __getattribute__, __getitem__, __getnewargs__, __getslice__, __gt__,__hash__, __init__, __le__, __len__, __lt__, __mod__, __mul__, __ne__,__new__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __rmod__, __rmul__, __setattr__,__sizeof__, __str__, __subclasshook__, _formatter_field_name_split,_formatter_parser, capitalize, center, count, decode, encode, endswith,expandtabs, find, format, index, isalnum, isalpha, isdigit, islower,isspace, istitle, isupper, join, ljust, lower, lstrip, partition, replace,rfind, rindex, rjust, rpartition, rsplit, rstrip, split, splitlines,startswith, strip, swapcase, title, translate, upper, zfill] All of the attributes/functions of “greeting”

33.
Program flow...>>> world_is_flat = False>>> if world_is_flat:... print "The world is flat!"... else:... print "The world is round"...The world is round

34.
Program flow...>>> world_is_flat = False>>> if world_is_flat: “if” tests for truth... print "The world is flat!"... else: “else” if “if” evaluates to false... print "The world is round"...The world is round The result of this logic...

35.
Program flow... >>> world_is_flat = False >>> if world_is_flat: ... print "The world is flat!" ... else: ... print "The world is round" ... The world is roundNB: there is NO switch in Python. Use elif for further clauses in the logic.

36.
Loops>>> for number in range(10):... print number... Basically, for each “something” in agroup of “somethings” do something (for each number in a group of numbers print the number)

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Loops>>> for number in range(10):... print number...0123 Like many programming languages,4 Python starts counting from 0 (zero)56789 There’s also while

38.
Data structures >>> my_dictionary = { curly brackets! ... key: value, ... 1: 2, dict = key/value store ... branch: { ... leaf: node (think phone book) ... } ... } >>> my_dictionary[key] get the value from the dict value >>> my_dictionary[1] 2 >>> my_dictionary[branch][leaf] node >>> my_dictionary {1: 2, branch: {leaf: node}, key: value}Why not try dir(my_dictionary)and play.?

39.
Data structures>>> shopping = [eggs, ham, spam, parrot] a list>>> len(shopping)4 square brackets!>>> shopping[eggs, ham, spam, parrot] lists remain in order>>> shopping[0]eggs>>> shopping[3] get a specific item by positionparrot>>> shopping[4]Traceback (most recent call last): start counting from File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>IndexError: list index out of range zero (remember?)>>> shopping[1:][ham, spam, parrot]>>> shopping[:1][eggs]>>> shopping[:-1] slicing[eggs, ham, spam]>>> shopping[-1:][parrot]

40.
Modulesimport antigravityfrom antigravity import stasisfieldstasisfield.generate()

41.
OOP(s)

42.
In a nutshell (there’s much more to it than this) Classes define sorts of thingsObjects are instances of classes

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Cow = classButtercup = object (an instance of cow)

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In a nutshell (part 2) (there’s still much more to it than this)Methods do things (they’re functions) Attributes define, er, attributes...

45.
Moo! Buttercup.moo() Buttercup.breed = “friesian”

46.
A very simple view... Nouns = Classes Proper Nouns = Objects Verbs = Methods Adjectives = Attributeser, sort of... I’m making this up as I go along... :-)

47.
class Cow(object): """ A pythonic cow """ def __init__(self, name="Cow", breed=None): """ Called when the class is instantiated """ self.name = name self.breed = breed def moo(self, message="MOO!"): """ A bovine hello world! """ return "%s says, %s" % (self.name, message)

48.
Indicates we’re defining a new class...class Cow(object): """ A pythonic cow """ def __init__(self, name="Cow", breed=None): """ Called when the class is instantiated """ self.name = name self.breed = breed def moo(self, message="MOO!"): """ A bovine hello world! """ return "%s says, %s" % (self.name, message)

49.
... that we’re calling “Cow”...class Cow(object): """ A pythonic cow """ def __init__(self, name="Cow", breed=None): """ Called when the class is instantiated """ self.name = name self.breed = breed def moo(self, message="MOO!"): """ A bovine hello world! """ return "%s says, %s" % (self.name, message)

50.
... that inherits attributes/behaviour from the“object” class.class Cow(object): """ A pythonic cow """ def __init__(self, name="Cow", breed=None): """ Called when the class is instantiated """ self.name = name self.breed = breed def moo(self, message="MOO!"): """ A bovine hello world! """ return "%s says, %s" % (self.name, message)

51.
class Cow(object): A docstring that explains """ A pythonic cow what this class represents """ def __init__(self, name="Cow", breed=None): """ Called when the class is instantiated """ self.name = name self.breed = breed def moo(self, message="MOO!"): """ A bovine hello world! """ return "%s says, %s" % (self.name, message)

52.
class Cow(object): """ A pythonic cow """ def __init__(self, name="Cow", breed=None): """ A special Called when the class is instantiated """ method self.name = name self.breed = breedcalled when a new def moo(self, message="MOO!"): """ object is A bovine hello world! """ created return "%s says, %s" % (self.name, message) with this class

53.
class Cow(object): """ A pythonic cow “self” refers to the new """ object (e.g. Buttercup) def __init__(self, name="Cow", breed=None): """ Called when the class is instantiated """ self.name = name self.breed = breed def moo(self, message="MOO!"): """ A bovine hello world! """ return "%s says, %s" % (self.name, message)

54.
class Cow(object): """ A pythonic cow """ def __init__(self, name="Cow", breed=None): """ Called when the class is instantiated """ self.name = name self.name and self.breed self.breed = breed are attributes of the def moo(self, message="MOO!"): instantiated object """ A bovine hello world! (Buttercup) """ return "%s says, %s" % (self.name, message)

55.
class Cow(object): """ A pythonic cow """ def __init__(self, name="Cow", breed=None): """ Called when the class is instantiated """ self.name = name self.breed = breed def moo(self, message="MOO!"): """ A bovine hello world!A method """ return "%s says, %s" % (self.name, message)makes theobject dosomething

56.
>>> from example import Cow>>> buttercup = cow("Buttercup", "friesian")>>> buttercup.nameButtercup>>> buttercup.breedfriesian>>> buttercup.moo()Buttercup says, MOO!

57.
http://docs.python.org/tutorial/introduction.html

58.
and now for something completely different...

59.
Your task:Create a Parrot class. It must be able to squawk, flap and, ahem, become deceased. If the parrot is deceased thencalling squawk and flap return the message “This is an ex-parrot”. We should be able to indicate the parrot’s breed and give it a name. Use your imagination! HAVE FUN!

60.
Show and tell...

61.
End (the)http://python.org/