2. • Introduction: Cybersecurity on Wikipedia
• Anatomy of a Wikipedia Page: "Talk", "Read", "Edit", and "View History“
• Making Simple Edits
• Userpages
• Working in the Sandbox
• Putting in Citations
• Additional Ways to Contribute
• Copyright and Wikipedia
• Basic Rules
• Asking for Help and Resolving Disputes
Training Outline
3. TRAINING OUTLINE: LINKS TO KEEP OPEN
OWASP Community Etherpad
http://owasp-community.etherpad.mozilla.org
Guide to Contributing to Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia
Cheat Sheet:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_markup_cheatsheet_EN.pdf
WikiProject: Computer Security
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Computer_Security
Requested Articles on Computer Science and Security
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles/Applied_arts_and_scien
ces/Computer_science,_computing,_and_Internet#Security
Training Outline: Helpful Links
9. Every page edit is publicly visible.
Every page edit you make is traceable to
your user account.
Talk pages are Wikipedia's version of peer
review.
A lot of extra information is available in the
View History tab.
Anatomy of a Wikipedia Page
11. Select Edit to view wikitext markup
Anatomy of a Wikipedia Page - Editing
12. You can enter an explanation of your changes in the Edit summary box, which
you'll find below the edit window.
If the change you have made to a page is minor, check the box "This is a
minor edit."
Anatomy of a Wikipedia Page – Edit Summary
13. You should always use the Show preview button. After you've entered a
change in the edit box for the sandbox, click the Show preview. This lets you
see what the page will look like after your edit, before you actually save.
Anatomy of a Wikipedia Page – Show Preview
15. • Click on Create account to
sign up for a Wikipedia
editor account.
• Use your real name or a
pseudonym.
User Pages
16. • Usernames are governed by
Wikipedia policy.
• Anonymity is preferred.
• If you are not sure which
username to create, click help
me choose:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi
kipedia:Username_policy
User Pages
17. • Click on your Username in the
top left to view your User
Page.
• Select Edit to make edits to
your User Page.
• Using this Cheatsheet, write
something about yourself.
User Pages
18. PLEASE TAKE FIVE MINUTES TO MAKE SOME EDITS TO YOUR USER PAGE...
19. Over the next few weeks, add some well-cited sentences
and paragraphs to articles in your area of expertise.
In the following slides, we’ll offer some guidelines and
helpful tips about editing Wikipedia articles.
WHAT NOW? BE BOLD!
20. To experiment, you can use the shared sandbox or your personal sandbox (add
{{My Sandbox|replace with your user name}} on your user page
for future easy access).
Editing the Sandbox
21. For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags
(i.e. <ref>citation</ref>).
…or highlight your whole citation and then click the markup icon to
automatically enclose your citation in ref tags.
References and Citations –Footnotes
22. On a new page, you may need to create a section usually named
"Notes" or "References" near the end of the page:
== Notes ==
<references />
or...
== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}
Example of a complete footnote:
<ref>Name of author,
[http://www.nytimes.com/article_name.html "Title of
article"], ''The New York Times'', date</ref>
References and Citations - Footnote
23. When you’re ready, add a citation to a page in your area of expertise!
1. In your sandbox, insert a reference for the book Tom
Sawyer using the Worldcat entry for this book: Twain,
Mark, and Paul Geiger. 1985. The adventures of Tom
Sawyer. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Association.
2. Insert a reference using a citation template for this
magazine article: Li, Shirley. "Roger Ebert's Wikipedia
[Citation Needed]." The Atlantic. October 9, 2014.
Article link
References and Citations – Your Turn!
24. • Do not copy-paste text from a website directly into
Wikipedia. Paraphrasing and citation is necessary.
• Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-
licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-SA) and the GNU
Free Documentation License (GFDL) .
Copyright and Wikipedia
25. Every image has a description page which indicates the license under which it
is released or, if it is non-free, the rationale under which it is used.
Copyright– Wikimedia Commons
28. Wikipedia Conduct Policies
• Civility
• Clean start
• Consensus
• Dispute resolution
• Edit warring
• Editing policy
• Harassment
• No personal attacks
• Ownership of articles
• Sock puppetry
• Username policy
• Vandalism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies#Conduct
29. Neutral point of view – All Wikipedia articles and other
encyclopedic content must be written from a neutral point of
view, representing significant views fairly, proportionately and
without bias.
Basic Rules: Core Content Policies
30. Verifiability – Material challenged or likely to be challenged, and
all quotations, must be attributed to a reliable, published source.
In Wikipedia, verifiability means that people reading and editing
the encyclopedia can check that information comes from
a reliable source.
Basic Rules: Core Content Policies
31. No original research – Wikipedia does not publish original
thought: all material in Wikipedia must be attributable to a
reliable, published source. Articles may not contain any new
analysis or synthesis of published material that serves to
advance a position not clearly advanced by the sources.
BASIC RULES: CORE CONTENT POLICIESBasic Rules: Core Content Policies
32. If you think you have a Conflict Of Interest (COI), don’t create the article, post that
someone else should create it on a related talk page.
Basic Rules: Conflict of Interest
33. If available, academic and peer-reviewed publications are
usually the most reliable sources.
Other reliable sources include:
• university-level textbooks
• books published by respected publishing houses
• magazines
• journals
• mainstream newspapers
More information here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#What_coun
ts_as_a_reliable_source
Basic Rules: Reliable Source
34. BASIC RULES: NOTABILITY
What if notability guidelines reproduce structural sexism and racism? How can we
address and amend this?
Basic Rules: Notability
35. BASIC RULES: NOTABILITYContent Guidelines
• Cite sources
• Do not create hoaxes
• No full text of primary sources
• Identify reliable sources
• No plagiarism
• No patent nonsense
36. • Post a question on the talk page of another Wikipedia User's
talk page.
• Ask a question to the Wikipedia Teahouse question board.
• Resolving disputes; Wikipedia:Dispute
resolution, Wikipedia:Etiquette, Wikipedia:Staying cool when
the editing gets hot.
• Email info@art.plusfeminism.org with specific Wikipedia
editing questions if you can't find what you need on Wikipedia
Asking for Help and Resolving Disputes
37. THANK YOU! // Q&A
By Michael Mandiberg (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via
Wikimedia Commons
Today we’re going to learn how to make a simple edit to a live page on Wikipedia. First, we’ll talk a little bit about the gender gap on Wikipedia and why we’re doing what we’re doing today. Then, we’ll learn about User pages and how to use your Sandbox to make future edits. We’re also going to learn how to put citations into articles on Wikipedia. Finally, we’ll leave you with some best practices as you go forward editing Wikipedia.
After today’s lesson, you should have the toolkit to get started editing articles on Wikipedia. The journey doesn’t end here, though. There’s a wealth of resources on Wikipedia that will help you broaden your skills as you begin editing.
Throughout the training presentation today, you’ll want to keep the following tabs open in your browser. We will refer to these links throughout the lesson today, so please take a moment to open these links and remember to keep them open.
Sometimes links on Wikipedia will open in the same browser tab as the page you’re on, if you want to open a link in a new tab, please remember to right click (or control click on a Mac) and select “open link in new tab.”
Now I’m going to briefly demo making a simple edit to a Wikipedia page. Please follow along. Afterwards, you’ll start making edits on your own user page.
Note: Go to a Wikipedia page and make a simple edit. If you can, show red links, blue links and external links.
Wikipedia has a number of groups who maintain pages on the website for specific areas of interest. Application security and cybersecurity issues are covered
A related WikiProject in Cryptography may also be of interest. It contains a list of suggested pages to create and update
Most WikiProjects contain a list of articles that have been requested. The red link color means it does not exist yet. You can start working on these articles if you like.
Now I’m going to briefly demo making a simple edit to a Wikipedia page. Please follow along. Afterwards, you’ll start making edits on your own user page.
Note: Go to a Wikipedia page and make a simple edit. If you can, show red links, blue links and external links.
Let’s get started by orienting ourselves on a Wikipedia page. While most of you have probably seen a Wikipedia page before, let’s take a closer look.
At the top of you screen, you’ll see three tabs you can select: Read, Edit, and View History. We’re open to the Read page right now, which is how most of you have probably accessed Wikipedia articles in the past.
At the top left, you’ll notice two tabs: Article and Talk.
Read bullet points. Elaborate on Talk pages and Show History.
The View history page will give you a complete history of every edit that has been made on that page since it was created. These are open and visible to the public, so why don’t we navigate to a Wikipedia page you’re interested in right now (remember to open a new tab) and take a look at the history. You can see the types of edits made on the page and all the users who made those edits.
So, now that we’ve looked at past edits, let’s talk about making your own edits. If you click Edit at the top right of your screen it will open the edit page.
What you’re looking at now is wikitext markup. Like HTML, wikitext markup is a markup language but it’s simpler than HTML and today we’ll learn some of the basics. On the lesson plan and in the handout distributed, there are resources for learning how to write in wikitext markup.
Once you’ve created an edit, it’s good etiquette to add a summary of your edits. This could be as simple as entering “added citation.” This summary will appear on the history of the page for other users to easily assess.
If you have made a minor change (like fixing a spelling or grammatical error), you can check the box “This is a minor edit.”
When you’re entering your edits, it is also best practice to use the “Show Preview” button. This will allow you to see how your edits will appear on the page before you actually save them. This is particularly helpful when you’re still learning about wiki markup.
Your user page is a way to describe your background and discuss what types of pages you are interested in working on. It also contains a Talk page and a Sandbox for testing out page edits and draft pages. Your Talk page may also be used as a way to communicate with you. If you belong to any wikiprojects or task forces, you may get messages here.
Let’s start by making some simple edits to your Userpage. Your userpage is there to give basic information, if you wish, about yourself or your Wikimedia-related activities.
If you haven’t already, at this point, you should select “Log-in” at the top right of your page. If you haven’t yet created a Wikipedia account, please raise your hand and someone will come around and help you out.
Wikipedia’s username policy is a detailed document with information on selecting a username that complies with policy. Some usernames may not be allowed, so check here to be sure that your username is acceptable.
Once you’ve logged in, you can click on your Username in the top left to view your User Page. As with any other page, you’ll select “Edit” to make changes to your userpage.
On the screen right now, you’ll see my rather sparse user page as an example. At the bottom you can see what it looks like in Wiki markup.
I’m going to open up my page right now and make an edit along with you. You can use the cheatsheet on the lesson plan or the hand-out we passed around earlier to write something about yourself. Experiment with using bold and italics.
If you have any questions, please raise your hand and someone will come around and help you.
While you’re taking about five to ten minutes to add a citation to a page in your area of expertise, facilitators will walk around and help you. If you have a question or you get stuck, please feel free to raise your hand so that we can be sure we address your questions.
Over the next several slides, we’ll introduce you to some guidelines and helpful tips about editing Wikipedia articles. We’ll touch on conflict of interest, notability, copyright, and image use in editing.
Your sandbox is like a giant blank space in which you can practice editing. The link to your sandbox appears at the top of your screen, next to your Talk page. You can select edit here. Over the next few weeks, as you familiarize yourself with Wikipedia, I suggest copying and pasting mark-up from other pages and adding it here so you can practice using wiki markup.
For example, today we’re going to use your sandboxes to practice adding references and citations. But first let’s learn a little bit more about references and citations.
Adding citations is one of the simplest ways that you can contribute to Wikipedia. Working to make sure that articles are well-cited ensures that they don’t get deleted, and also offers further avenues for research for the Wikipedia user.
For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags (i.e. <ref>citation</ref>).
OR highlight your whole citation and then click the markup icon to automatically enclose your citation in ref tags.
On a new page, you may need to create a section usually named "Notes" or "References" near the end of the page:
== Notes == <references />
OR
== Notes == {{Reflist}}
Now let’s take a few minutes to add two references to your Sandbox.
The first entry you’ll see above is a book and you can find the link to its World Cat entry on the Lesson plan for today. I’m going to open up my Sandbox and edit along with you, so feel free to take a look as you add your own citation.
Now, let’s try to insert a reference using a citation template for this magazine article. Again, I will edit along with you. So, let’s start by navigating to the Lesson Plan again where we’ll find a link to the citation templates as well as a link to the article.
Now that we’ve added two citations to our sandbox, take a moment to think about a page in your area of expertise that might benefit from having a reference. I’m going to go to Pipilotti Rist’s page as I know there’s a section where references are needed…
For many of you this may seem like a no-brainer but I do think it’s important to reiterate that you should not copy-paste text from a website directly into Wikipedia. Paraphrasing and citation is necessary when editing Wikipedia articles.
Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) .
Every image in Wikimedia Commons has a description page which indicates the license under which it is released, or if it is not feely usable, the rationale under which it can be used.
If you select “Use this file” it will open up a dialog box that will help you use the file on Wikipedia or on the open web.
If you select “use this file on the web,” you can download the file and also properly cite it. All of the images I’ve used in this presentation are downloaded from Wikimedia Commons.
While you’re taking about five to ten minutes to add a citation to a page in your area of expertise, facilitators will walk around and help you. If you have a question or you get stuck, please feel free to raise your hand so that we can be sure we address your questions.
Over the next several slides, we’ll introduce you to some guidelines and helpful tips about editing Wikipedia articles. We’ll touch on conflict of interest, notability, copyright, and image use in editing.
Wikipedia Conduct policies govern how editors behave within the Wikipedia Community. Be Excellent to Each Other. And other rules you learned in Kindergarten.
Now let’s take a moment to talk about some of the basic rules of Wikipedia editing. We’ll start by discussing the three main core content policies.
The first main rule is that you should write all articles with a neutral point of view. Of course all editors will have their own point of view. But, we should all should strive in good faith to provide complete information, and not to promote one particular point of view over another.
Avoid stating opinions as facts.
Avoid stating seriously contested assertions as facts.
Avoid stating facts as opinions.
Prefer nonjudgmental language.
Indicate the relative prominence of opposing views.
All content must be verifiable. According to Wikipedia’s guidelines, the burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and is satisfied by providing a citation to a reliable source that directly supports the contribution.
This is why we started today’s lesson with some instruction on adding references and citations to Wikipedia. It is one of the most important tools in your toolkit. As you create articles on Wikipedia, verifying the information you add will help ensure your articles don’t get challenged or, worse, deleted.
To demonstrate that you are not adding Original Research, you must be able to cite reliable, published sources that are directly related to the topic of the article, and directly support the material being presented.
So, let’s just say I’m an academic and I’m working on a paper that is not yet published about how Nashville is the most feminist show on television. Without being able to support this thesis with published essays, articles, or books, I cannot enter this into the Wikipedia page for Nashville.
One of the other important guidelines you should keep in mind is that you should not edit pages that represent a conflict of interest. COI editing involves contributing to Wikipedia to promote your own interests, including your business or financial interests, or those of your external relationships, such as with family, friends or employers.
So, for example, even though I might notice a number of problem’s with OWASP’s Wikipedia page, because I work there, I would not edit the page. Instead, I might suggest changes on the talk page.
Source material must have been published, the definition of which for our purposes is "made available to the public in some form.“ Unpublished materials are not considered reliable. Editors should also use sources that directly support the material presented in an article and are appropriate to the claims made.
Note: Read some of the reliable sources on-screen.
According to Wikipedia’s guidelines, "Significant coverage" addresses the topic directly and in detail, so that no original research is needed to extract the content. Significant coverage is more than a trivial mention but it need not be the main topic of the source material.[1]
So let’s unpack that a little bit:
"Reliable" means sources need editorial integrity to allow verifiable evaluation of notability, per the reliable source guideline. Sources may encompass published works in all forms and media, and in any language. Availability of secondary sources covering the subject is a good test for notability.
"Sources"[2] should be secondary sources, as those provide the most objective evidence of notability. There is no fixed number of sources required since sources vary in quality and depth of coverage, but multiple sources are generally expected.[3] Sources do not have to be available online and do not have to be in English. Multiple publications from the same author or organization are usually regarded as a single source for the purposes of establishing notability. [[Only 27 women are represented in current edition of H.W. Janson’s survey, History of Art—up from zero in the 1980s. ]]
"Independent of the subject" excludes works produced by the article's subject or someone affiliated with it. For example, advertising, press releases, autobiographies, and the subject's website are not considered independent.[4]
"Presumed" means that significant coverage in reliable sources creates an assumption, not a guarantee, that a subject should be included. A more in-depth discussion might conclude that the topic actually should not have a stand-alone article—perhaps because it violates what Wikipedia is not, particularly the rule that Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information.[5]
Wikipedia also has a set of common-sense content guidelines. Wikipedia guidelines are somewhat more flexible than policy, but following these guidelines will ensure that your pages will be acceptable and not recommended for deletion due to lack of notability, reliable citation, etc.
You can ask questions directly of Wikipedians and experienced editors you know, by posing them on that user’s Talk page.
You can also consult the Teahouse. The Teahouse is a Wikimedia foundation project that is a user-friendly welcome center/help space that organizes experienced editors to actively reach out to new users in a many-to-many setting and provides on-wiki encouragement and peer support to promising new editors to promote increased engagement and retention.
There are many methods on Wikipedia for resolving disputes. Most methods are not formal processes and do not involve third-party intervention. Respond to all disputes or grievances, in the first instance, by approaching the editor or editors concerned and explaining which of their edits you object to and why you object. Use the article talk page or their user talk page to do so; be civil, polite, and always assume good faith.