Glomerular Filtration rate and its determinants.pptx
Amphetamine.final.pptx
1. Amphetamine
Md : Obydulla Al Mamun
Id:131-29-500
9th(B)
Department Of Pharmacy
Daffodil International University
almamundcc94@gmail.com
2. Amphetamine
A distinct class of
drugs that stimulate
the central nervous
system producing an
increase in alertness,
wakefulness and
awareness.
3. History of
Amphetamines
1887 by German Pharmacologist L. Edeleano.
In 1927, Gordon Alles:
Reduced fatigue
Increased alertness
Caused a sense of confident euphoria
In 1932, Benzedrine inhalers (nasal congestion).
Benzedrine widely abused (1971) for their stimulant action.
Widely used in World War II to counter act fatigue.
10. Weight Reduction
During 1960’s, 99% of
amphetamine Rx written for
weight loss.
Effective for two weeks.
Lose weight, gain energy, good
mood.
11. Psychological Effects
Euphoria
Excitement
Mood elevation
sed speech activity
Feeling of power
Psychological Effects
Euphoria
Excitement
Mood elevation
sed speech activity
Feeling of power
Pharmacological effectPharmacological effect
Physiological Effects
Increased BP
Decreased HR
Increased alertness
Psychomotor
stimulant
Loss of appetite
12. High Dose Users
leading to extended mental and physical hyperactivity.
Continued abuse (high doses) often leads to:
Considerable weight loss
Skin lesions
Oral damage
Liver disease
Hypertensive disorders
Stroke
Kidney damage
Seizures
13.
14. Summary of the Effects of Amphetamines
Body
Increased heartbeat
Increased blood
pressure
Decreased appetite
Increased breathing
rate
Inability to sleep
Sweating
Convulsions, fever
Chest pain
Irregular heartbeat
Due to overdose
Mind
Decreased fatigue
Increased confidence
Increased feeling of
alertness
Restlessness
Increased irritability
Fearfulness
Distrust of people
Behavioral stereotypy
Hallucination
low
dose
high
dose
15. • Acute overdose is treated by –
Acidification of urine by administering ammonium
chloride. This increases rate of elimination of
amphetamine.
Anti-hypertensive drugs like labetelol.
Treatment typically requires more than one year of
Intense intervention consisting of drug abstinence,
cognitive, emotional and motivational rehabilitation.
Treatment Of Acute Poisoning
Notes de l'éditeur
Other names
Speed, fast, up,
Amphetamines are synthesized from ephedra which comes from the Mu-Huange plant.
Natural amphetamines do not exist because amphetamine itself is not a naturally occurring product.
It must be created, in a lab, through synthesis of other naturally and unnaturally occurring products.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
There are many different types of amphetamines.
Dextroamphetamine – a medication used in the treatment of ADHD that is also sometimes used to treat narcolepsy.
Levoamphetamine – a psycho stimulant known to increase wakefulness and focs.
Lisdexamfetamine – used in treatment of ADHD
Methamphetamine (Ritalin)
Adderall
Dexedrine etc
ANALEPTICS (Respiratory stimulants):
parakeets)-tiya
Effects are due mainly to release of catecholamines, especially dopamine and noradrenaline.
There is no safe level of drug use. Use of any drug always carries some risk. It's important to be careful when taking any type of drug
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder caused by autoimmune destruction of hypocretin(neurotransmetter)-producing neurons inhibiting the brain's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a psychiatric disorder[1][2] of the neurodevelopmental type[3][4] in which there are significant problems of attention, hyperactivity, or acting impulsively that are notappropriate for a person's age
Amphetamines as very popular for weight control and relief from boredom.
Ephedra has been mixed with aspirin and caffeine to be used for weight loss
Euphoria medically recognized as a mental and emotional condition in which a person experiences intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness, excitement and joy
The amphetamine addict tries to maintain the “high” as long as possible
The following effects may be experienced for 4 to 6 days -