Computer Evolution

1. COMPUTER
EVOLUTION

2. WHAT IS COMPUTER?
A computer is a general-purpose electronic device that
can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or
logical operations automatically.

3. WHAT IS COMPUTER EVOLUTION ?

4. EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER
Computer evolution starts in 1940 with vacuum tube
circuitry and goes to the present day — and beyond —
with artificial intelligence.
There are five generations in computer history.

5. FIRST GENERATION (1940-1956)
VACUUM TUBES
The first generation computers used
Vacuum tubes for circuitry,
Magnetic drums for memory,
Very large in size, often taking up
entire rooms
A UNIVAC computer

6. FIRST GENERATION (1940-1956)
VACUUM TUBES
The first generation computers used
They were very expensive to
operate,
Using a great deal of electricity,
Generated a lot of heat, which
was often the cause of
malfunctions.
A UNIVAC computer

7. FIRST GENERATION (1940-1956)
VACUUM TUBES
The first generation computers used
Input was based on punched
cards and paper tape
The UNIVAC
and ENIAC computers are
examples of first-generation
computing devices.
A UNIVAC computer

8. SECOND GENERATION (1956-1963)
TRANSISTORS
The second generation computers used
Transistors replaced vacuum
tubes in the second generation of
computers.
Still generated a great deal of
heat that subjected the computer to
damage.
IBM 7000

9. SECOND GENERATION (1956-1963)
TRANSISTORS
The second generation computers used
The transistor was far superior to
the vacuum tube, allowing
computers to become smaller,
faster, cheaper, more energy-
efficient and more reliable than
their first-generation predecessors.
IBM 7000

10. SECOND GENERATION (1956-1963)
TRANSISTORS
The second generation computers used
Magnetic drum to magnetic core
technology for memory.
IBM 7000, NCR 304, IBM 650, IBM
1401 are 2nd generation computer.
IBM 7000

11. THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971)
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
The THIRD generation computers used
Transistors were placed on
IC(integrated circuit) ,
a silicon chips(semiconductors),
which drastically increased the
speed and efficiency of
computers.
IBM 360

12. THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971)
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
The THIRD generation computers used
Instead of punched cards and
printouts, keyboards and
monitors was introduced.
Smaller and cheaper than their
predecessors. IBM 360

13. THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971)
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
The THIRD generation computers used
Use High level programming
language.
Magnetic core and solid states as
main storage.
PDP-8, PDP-11, ICL 2900, IBM 360
and IBM 370 .
IBM 360

14. FORTH GENERATION (1971-
PRESENT) MICROPROCESSORS
The FORTH generation computers use
The microprocessor brought the
fourth generation of computers,
as thousands of integrated
circuits were built onto a single
silicon chip. IBM 4341

15. FORTH GENERATION (1971-
PRESENT) MICROPROCESSORS
The FORTH generation computers use
Computers could be linked
together to form networks, which
eventually led to the development
of the Internet.
IBM 4341

16. FORTH GENERATION (1971-
PRESENT) MICROPROCESSORS
The FORTH generation computers use
Many high-level languages were
developed in the fourth
generation such as COBOL,
FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL and C
language. IBM 4341

17. FORTH GENERATION (1971-
PRESENT) MICROPROCESSORS
The FORTH generation computers use
Very small size, now fit in the
palm of the hand.
IBM 4341, DEC 10, STAR 1000,
PUP 11 and APPLE II.
IBM 4341

18. FIFTH GENERATION (PRESENT AND
BEYOND)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The FIFTH generation computers WILL used
Fifth generation computer based
on artificial intelligence, are still in
development.
 Voice recognition
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19. FIFTH GENERATION (PRESENT AND
BEYOND)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The FIFTH generation computers WILL used
They will be able to
recognize image and graphs,
The use of parallel processing,
Quantum computation and
molecular and nanotechnology.
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20. FIFTH GENERATION (PRESENT AND
BEYOND)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The FIFTH generation computers WILL used
The goal of fifth-generation
computing is to develop devices that
respond to natural language input
and are capable of learning and self-
organization.
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