2. the concept and the function of cooperation
and implicature are fundamentally linked
This sense of cooperation is simply one in
which people having a conversation are not
normally assumed to be trying to
confuce, trick or with hold relevant
information from each other
3. Cooperation can be understood as an
essential factor when speakers and listeners
are interacting, in order word, it is the
expectation that the listener has towards the
speaker.The speaker is supposed to convey
true statements and say nothing more than
what is required.
4. Implicatures are inferred based on the
assumption that the speaker observer or
flouts some principles of cooperation (
different author have indentified different
principles )
5. Quantity : make your contribution as
informative as is required
Quality : try to make your contribution one
that is true do not say what you believe to be
false
Relation : be revelant
Manner : - be perpicuous
- avoid ambiquity
- avoid obscurity of expression
6. Cautious notes to indicate that a speaker is aware
of maxim but, not to them completely. Speakers
are aware of the maxim and show that they are
trying to observe them
ex :
As far as I know, they are married
I may be mistaken, but I thought I saw a wedding
ring on her finger.
I ‘m not sure if this right, but I heard it as a secret
ceremony in hawaii
the could not live without her, I guess.
7. in real communication, the intention of the
speaker is often not the literal meaning of
what he or she says.The real intention
implied in the words is called conversational
implicature.
Ex:
A: Can you tell me the time?
B:Well, the milkman has come.
8. communicated by choosing a word expressing
a value from a scale
(quantity, frequency, etc.)
Lexical (and logical) scales:
all, most, many, some
Numbers
Ex :
There will be five of us for dinner tonight
9. inferred only due to a special context between
particular speaker and hearer.
Example :
Rick: Hey, coming to the wild party tonight?
Tom: My parents are visiting.
10. All the implicature taken into consideration are
part of what is communicated and not said.
Thus, speakers can always deny that they
intended to communicate such meanings.
Conversational implicatures are deniable.
They can be explicitly denied in different
ways.
Example :
You have won only five dollars! (+> ONLY five)
11. implicature is part of the meaning of a word
or construction but not part of its truth-
conditions.
Example :
Joe is poor but happy
Assertion : Joe is poor.
The implicature is that not all of poor people are
happy.
