1. Self-management
The man who can not manage themselves,
Is not able to lead others.
W. Penn
... Only one who has learned to control himself, can
easily learn to manage the state.
Confucius

2. 1) Self-management means different things in
different fields.
In business, education, and psychology, self-management
refers to methods, skills, and strategies
by which individuals can effectively direct their own
activities toward the achievement of objectives, and
includes goal setting, decision making, focusing,
planning, scheduling, task tracking, self-evaluation,
self-intervention, self-development, etc.
Self-management also known as executive
processes (in the context of the processes of
execution).

3. Self-management may also refer to:
Workers' self-management - a form of
workplace decision-making in which the
employees themselves agree on choices (for
issues like customer care, general production
methods, scheduling, division of labor etc.)
instead of the traditional supervisor telling
workers what to do, how to do it and where
to do it.

4. Self-managed Companies
Some business leaders have begun to structure their
companies as either partially or fully self-managed.
A fully self-managed company is one that imposes
no formal hierarchical structure upon employees (in
some cases, having no hierarchy whatsoever). Some
companies (e.g. Google, famous for their 20 Percent
Time), allow their employees to have free rein for a
portion of their time, pursuing projects that they find
interesting or promising without requiring consent
or authorization from management.

5. 2) Self-management means taking as much
control as you can of your health care and health
behaviors. Like people who run a business or take
care of a family, self-managers need to be
organized. They need a set of useful skill sand
habits, and they need support.
There are four basic strategies to self-management
(Goal setting, Action Planning, Tracking Change,
Problem-Solving). They can be applied to any
thing you want to accomplish – from healthier
eating to finding a better job.

6. 1. Goal Setting.
Most people do better with self-management if they have
positive goals to motivate them, ways they want their lives
and health to improve.
Change is hard, and we need reasons to do it. Goals can be
about physical fitness, like walking a certain distance, or
they could be about your life, like going back to school or
being able to play with your dog.
They can be anything you want.
2. Action Planning. Breaking large goals into achievable
chunks that we feel confident about is a great strategy for
success.

7. Action planning identifies small, specific steps to ward larger
goals, and strategies to succeed at those steps. The key is to
make the plans specific - what, when, where, with whom,
how often.
3. Tracking Changes. If you’re trying to make a change in
your life, how will you know when you have done it? We tend
to forget what we have done or how we have changed over
time. How do we remember the way things used to be? It
helps to keep a record of your activities. These records (or
logs) will help you see what’s working and what’s getting in
your way.
4. Problem-Solving. Life has a way of interfering with self-management.
Usually people encounter some barriers they
didn't expect when they made their plans.

8. 3) Why is self-management important? (eg. By
student)
Self-management techniques are vital to be a
successful student. It is quite common that students
drop-out of university not because they find the
course too difficult to cope with, but because they
become overwhelmed by the workload and are
unable to manage study commitments with work
and family life. You can avoid this dilemma by
being organized and maintaining a healthy balance
in all areas of your life. This will help you
minimize stress and stay motivated in your studies.

9. Self-management techniques
Some of the practical techniques you can adopt are to:
• learn to cope with stress (see a counselor for assistance if
needed);
• develop your self esteem and personal confidence;
• develop effective strategies to cope with conflicts;
• develop a positive attitude to study;
• be patient – learning and academic skills develop gradually;
• reappraise your situation regularly and make the
adjustments required to succeed;
• learn from feedback to prevent repeating your mistakes;
• maintain a healthy lifestyle;
• reward yourself with time off from study (in moderation!;
and
• learn to manage your time better.

10. 4) 12 Rules for Self-Leadership
Management is not just for managers, just as leadership is
not just for leaders.
We all manage, and we all lead; these are not actions
reserved for only those people who happen to hold these
“positions” in a company. Consider another way, we can all
learn to be more self-governing through the disciplines of
great management and great leadership; these are concepts
that can give us wonderful tenets to live and work by.
Some author says:
For instance, these are what I’ve come to think of as Twelve
Rules for Self-Management. Show me a business where
everyone lives and works by self-managing, and I’ll bet it’s a
business destined for greatness.

11. 1. Live by your values, whatever they are. You confuse
people when you don’t, because they can’t predict how
you’ll behave.
2. Speak up! No one can “hear” what you’re thinking
without you be willing to stand up for it. Mind-reading is
something most people can’t do.
3. Honor your own good word, and keep the promises
you make. If not, people eventually stop believing most
of what you say, and your words will no longer work for
you.
4. When you ask for more responsibility, expect to be
held fully accountable. This is what seizing ownership of
something is all about; it’s usually an all or nothing kind
of thing, and so you’ve got to treat it that way.

12. 5. Don’t expect people to trust you if you aren’t willing
to be trustworthy for them first and foremost. Trust is an
outcome of fulfilled expectations.
6. Be more productive by creating good habits and
rejecting bad ones. Good habits corral your energies into
a momentum-building rhythm for you; bad habits sap
your energies and drain you.
7. Have a good work ethic, for it seems to be getting rare
today. Curious, for those “old-fashioned” values like
dependability, timeliness, professionalism and diligence
are prized more than ever before. Be action-oriented.
Seek to make things work. Be willing to do what it
takes.

13. 8. Be interesting. Read voraciously, and listen to learn,
then teach and share everything you know. No one owes
you their attention; you have to earn it and keep attracting
it.
9. Be nice. Be courteous, polite and respectful. Be
considerate. Manners still count for an awful lot in life,
and thank goodness they do.
10. Be self-disciplined. That’s what adults are supposed to
“grow up” to be.
11. Don’t be a victim or a martyr. You always have a
choice, so don’t shy from it: Choose and choose without
regret. Look forward and be enthusiastic.
12. Keep healthy and take care of yourself. Exercise your
mind, body and spirit so you can be someone people count
on, and so you can live expansively and with abundance.

14. Managers will tell you that they don’t really need to
manage people who live by these rules; instead, they
can devote their attentions to managing the businesses
in which they all thrive. Chances are it will also be a
place where great leaders are found.