1) Cancer is caused by abnormal cells that grow out of control and can cause serious illness or death if left untreated. 2) Cancer occurs when cells do not undergo programmed cell death and instead continue to multiply uncontrollably. 3) Treatments for cancer include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, or gene therapy depending on the cancer type and stage.

1. Mansoura university
Faculty of pharmacy
Clinical pharmacy
Department of Biochemistry

2. cancer
?What is cancer
Cancer is the general name for a group of more
than 100 diseases. Although there are many
kinds of cancer, all cancers start because
abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated
.cancers can cause serious illness and death

3. Aetiology of cancer
Cancer is ultimately the result of cells that
uncontrollably multiplicate and do not die. Normal
cells in the body follow an orderly path of growth,
division, and death. Programmed cell death is
called apoptosis, and when this process breaks
down, cancer begins to form. Unlike regular cells,
cancer cells do not experience programmatic death
and instead continue to grow and divide. This
leads to a mass of abnormal cells that grows out of
.control

4. Treatment of cancer
Cancer treatment depends on the type of cancer, the
stage of the cancer (how much it has spread), age,
health status, and additional personal
characteristics. There is no single treatment for
cancer, and patients often receive a combination of
therapies and palliative care in advanced cases.
Treatments usually fall into one or more of the
following categories: surgery, radiation,
chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy,
.or gene therapy

7. (Melanoma (skin cancer
Melanoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer)
cells form in the skin cells called melanocytes
((cells that color the skin
The Melanoma
are found throughout the lower part of the epidermis
They make melanin pigment that gives skin its
natural color. When skin is exposed to the sun,
melanocytes make more pigment, causing the skin
to tan, or darken

8. Cause of Melanoma
All cancers are caused by damage to the
DNA inside cells. This damage can be inherited in
the form of genetic mutations, but in most cases, it
builds up over a person's lifetime and is caused by
factors in their environment. DNA damage causes
the cell to grow out of control, leading to a tumor.
Melanoma which is usually caused by damage
from UV rays from the sun, but UV rays from
.sunbeds can also contribute to the disease

9. Treatment of Melanoma
Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is done
by skin and lymph node biopsy with a
wider excision of the scar or tumor(safety
(margin
Depending on biopsy results and the stage of
the tumor other lines of treatment is to be
. tailored for every single case

12. /BY
Omar Hesham Abd-Alaziz