Urban tourism paradigm

1. Urban Tourism

2. The Tourism Industry
• Tourism is based on difference.
• For tourists the visited places are “free” of work, services are supplied which
free the consumer fromdaily burdens.
• Tourism attractions are assumed to be unique, different from everyday
environment.

3. Strategic Framework for Urban Tourism Research
Experience and Behavior
Patterns and Preferences
Determinant of quality of
experience
Perceptions of Assets
Impacts
Environmental,
Social and
Economic
Broad Governance/Policy
Planning and Design (Including
Infrastructure)
Management
(Destination and Place)
Marketing and Communication
Positive
Outcomes
Linkages
Industry and
Spatial
Economic
Contribution
Positive
Outcomes
Best Practice
Benchmarking
Positive
Outcomes
TRENDS- MACRO TRENDS-MICRO
URBAN TOURISM ASSETS

4. Needs and observations
• Raising rate of urban tourists
• People having a hard time choosing where, how and when to go
• Tourists are subject to a double motive: Escape from routine and seek
recreational opportunities (tension-reducing/arousal-seeking)
• Customers motivations are often contradictory: Novelty (adventure) vs.
familiarity (security)

5. Needs and observations- Motivations
• Escape from a perceived mundane environment
• Exploration and evaluation of self Relaxation
• Prestige
• Regression
• Enhancement of kinship relationships
• Facilitation of social interaction
• Novelty
• Education

6. The complexity of tourist behavior
Includes high
level of info.
search
Tourist
choice
Emotional
significance
Is influenced
by other
people
Is long-term
decision
Depends on
provider
Has high level
of insecurity
due to
intangibility
Is highly
involved (high
commitment)

7. Framework
Socio-psychological motives Destination Influence
Push Pull
Customer Side
• Typology
• Motivation
Experience Side
• The 4Es
Medium offering:
• Flavor (Theme)
• Customization
• Design

8. Tourism Product
Attraction Enjoyment
Accommodation
Food and
Drink
Events
Transports
Medium offering:
• Flavor (Theme)
• Customization
• Design

9. Framework- Customer side (socio-psychological
motives):
Tourist typologies Tourist categories Type description
• Plan their own trip
• Live with locals
• Immerse in culture
The drifter
Allocentrics
Adventure seekers
• Plan for themselves
• Mix (not fully) to locals
The explorer
Psychocentrics Individualmass tourist • Seek packages but with some control
Conservatives Organizedmass tourist • Seek fully planned packages

10. Framework- Customer side (IC needs):
Pre-Consumption
• Planning
• Expectation
Formation
• Decision
Making
• Transactions
• Anticipation
Consumption
• Connection
• Navigation
• Short Term
• Decision
Making
• On-Site
Transaction
Post Consumption
• Sharing
• Documentatio
n
• External
Memory
• Re-
Experiencing
• Attachment
Includes high
level of info.
search
Tourist choice
Emotional
significance
Is influenced
by other
people
Is long-term
decision
Depends on
provider
Has high level
of insecurity
due to
intangibility
Is highly
involved (high
commitment)

11. Framework- Experience side:
Entertainment
Exp.
Education
Exp.
Esthetic
Exp.
Escapist
Exp.
Absorption
Immersion
Passive
Participation
Active
Participation

12. Framework- Experience dimensions
• Sensory: Aesthetics and sensory qualities
• Affective: Moods and emotions
• Intellectual: Analytical and imaginative thinking Analytical and imaginative
thinking
• Behavioral: Motor actions and behaviors
• Social: Relationships with others,self, groups and cultures

13. Framework- Medium offering
• Theme the experience with 5 dimension of experience, considering
customer typologies, e.g. !

14. Framework- Medium offering: Design &
Customization
• Since power has shifted to unique,
mobile, demanding and empowered
Consumers, good design involves the
5Cs.
Cross-Channel
Control
Content
Community Customization
Something
New!

15. Socio-psychological motives Destination Influence
Push Pull
Customer Side
• Typology
• Motivation
Experience Side
• The 4Es
Medium offering:
• Flavor (Theme)
• Customization
• Design
Changing The Experience Paradigm!
Something
New!?